Alfa-Bank: Difference between revisions

Alfa Bank JSC
	File:Alfa-Bank corporate logo en.svg
Company type	Joint stock company
Industry	Banking; Financial services; Investment services
Founded	1990; 34 years ago
Headquarters	Moscow, Russia
Number of locations	723 offices in 7 countries
Products	Consumer banking; Corporate banking; Investment banking
Net income	US$ 798 million (2017)
Total assets	US$ 44.7 billion (2017)
Total equity	US$ 6.3 billion (2017)
Owner	Mikhail Fridman, Pyotr Aven, German Khan
Number of employees	23,000 (March, 2018)
Rating	Ba2 (Moody's), BB+(S&P), BB+ (Fitch) (2017)
Website	AlfaBank.ru

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Alfa Bank JSC, the corporate treasury of the Alfa Group, is one of the largest private commercial banks in Russia.^[5] It was founded by Russian businessman Mikhail Fridman, who is still the controlling owner today. It is headquartered in Moscow. It operates in seven countries, providing financial services to over 381,600 active corporate customers and 14.2 million retail clients.^[6] Alfa Bank is particularly active in Russia and Ukraine, ranking among top 10 largest banks in terms of capital in both countries.^[7]^[8]^[9] In the 2009 edition of the Top-1000 World Banks, a survey by The Banker magazine, Alfa Bank was placed 270th.^[10]

History

Timeline:^[11]^[12]

1990s

1990 – Alfa Bank founded as a partnership with limited liability by Russian entrepreneur Mikhail Fridman.
1991 – Licence to banking operations received from Central Bank of Russia and first corporate accounts open.
1992 – Central Bank grants more licences for broader activities. Alfa Bank opens first nostro accounts in six foreign banks. First retail branch opens in Moscow.
1993 – Alfa Bank becomes a member of Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange. General license to banking operations received from Central Bank. Alfa Bank starts dealing in government bonds (GKOs and OFZs).
1994 – Alfa Bank becomes a member of MasterCard/Europay international credit card system and joins the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. Pyotr Aven appointed as bank's President. Alfa Bank becomes the first Russian bank to open a subsidiary in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
1995 – Euromoney ranks Alfa Bank third in its category for "Best Russian Banks in 1995". Alfa Bank joins Factors Chain International. A representative office opens in London, United Kingdom.
1996 – Alfa Bank joins Euroclear and Visa International. It becomes one of the three participants in the first Eurobonds issue by Russian government since the October Revolution. Alfa Bank opens branch in Nizhniy Novgorod.
1997 – Alfa Bank draws $40 million syndicated loan. Euromoney declares Alfa Bank "The Best Bank in Russia in 1997". First credit ratings received from Moody's and Standard & Poor's (S&P). Alfa Bank places the first issue of $175 million, 3-year Eurobonds, becoming the first privately owned Russian bank to issue Eurobonds. Branches in Saint Petersburg and Samara open. The value of total assets passes $1 billion.
1998 – Alfa Bank is reorganized from limited liability company into open joint stock company. Euromoney ranks Alfa Bank "The Best Bank in Russia" for the second straight year. Alfa Bank merges with Alfa Capital, then a sister company of Alfa Group. A subsidiary bank opens in Novosibirsk, Russia's third most populous city.
1999 – Euromoney and Global Finance name Alfa Bank "The Best Russian Bank" despite the financial crisis. 14 new retail branches and offices open across Russia.

2000s

2000 – Alfa Bank acquires a 76% stake in Kyivinvestbank (later renamed "Alfa Bank Ukraine"). The Banker and Global Finance magazine name Alfa Bank "The Best Russian Bank". Alfa Securities, a broker and a subsidiary, opens in London.
2001 – By the end of first quarter, loan portfolio reaches $1 billion; Alfa Bank opens a subsidiary in New York City, Alfa Capital Markets, a NASD (now Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)) regulated company set up to provide brokerage and investment services in North and South America. Emerging Markets Investor and Global Finance name it "Best Bank in Russia". Alfa Bank becomes 100 percent owner of Amsterdam Trade Bank N.V. and thereby acquires a full banking licence in the European Union.
2002 – Gazprom and Alfa Bank reach an agreement on strategic partnership. Together with Merrill Lynch, Alfa Bank wins financial consulting contract from Unified Energy System. Fitch and S&P upgrade their credit rating on Alfa Bank. Once again Global Finance magazine declares Alfa Bank "The Best Russian Bank".
2003 – Unaudited financial statements reveal record high growth in profits in 2002 (loan portfolio increased 70% to $1.4 billion, assets surged 51%, while net income rose by more than a third). Alfa Bank, in partnership with the Lauder Institute of the Wharton School of Business, establishes a new award for "Excellence in Foreign Investment", which would be presented to foreign companies operating in Russia for weighty contribution to the corporate governance and successful business operations. Alfa Bank draws $82 million unsecured syndicated loan, the biggest on record among private banks. S&P, Fitch, and Moody's upgrade Alfa Bank's rating during the year.
2004 – Alfa Bank tops the list of financial consultants by deals value, completing $8.9 billion worth of transactions in 2003. Alfa Bank's loan portfolio grows by 52% year-over-year, reaching $2.8 billion. It wins a $10 million defamation settlement against the newspaper Kommersant, which had published an article on financial difficulties at the bank, which suffered a substantial run on deposits and contributed to a mini banking crisis over the summer.^[13]
2005 – Interbrand ranks Alfa Bank "9th strongest brand" in Russia. Mikhail Fridman becomes the member of the Public Chamber of Russia. Alfa Bank issues $225 million of subbordinated unsecured Eurobonds. S&P, Fitch, and Moody's upgrade Alfa Bank's rating during the year.

2006 – Alfa Bank completes the country’s first securitisation of diversified payment rights with a $350 million deal. Unaudited first quarter management International Financial Reporting Standards figures show total assets breaking the $10 billion mark for the first time in company's history.
2007 – In connection with the closure of Sodbiznesbank in 2004, Alfa Bank is searched by Russian police in September.^[14] Fitch upgrades Alfa Bank's rating.^[15]
2008 – Alfa Bank seeks $400 million government loan in October.^[16] It deploys 20,000 Aladdin eToken USB smartcard devices to its online customers.^[17] The bank acquires Severnaya Kazna, a major regional bank operating in the Urals region.^[18]
2009 – Fitch downgrades Alfa Bank's rating.^[19]

2010s

2010 – Alfa Bank launches a $1 billion 7-year Eurobond.^[20]
2011 – Alfa Bank seeks to buy Bank of Moscow,^[21] but the sale goes to VTB Bank.
2012 – In cooperation with Euroset, Alfa Bank launches a loyalty-card credit programme.^[22]
2016 – On 31 October and 2 November, Franklin Foer reported in Slate that there had been unusual repeated activity from 4 May to 23 September 2016 between two computer servers registered to Alfa Bank in Moscow and a server owned by the Trump Organization.^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27] The activity also included, to a much lesser extent, communications to a server at Spectrum Health, a medical facility chain led by Dick DeVos, the husband of Betsy DeVos.^[23]^[26] From August through October 2016, the FBI investigated the computer server activity between the Trump Organization and Alfa Bank.^[28]
2017 – In January, the Donald Trump–Russia dossier, prepared by former MI6 agent Christopher Steele^[29] and denoting various ties between Trump and Russia, was published in full in BuzzFeed News; the dossier mentions Alfa Bank's parent company Alfa Group (spelled "Alpha Group" in the dossier).^[30] On 10 March, CNN reported that the FBI was continuing to investigate the unusual computer activity between Alfa Bank and the Trump Organization which had occurred in the summer of 2016, and which had been reported in the media just before the U.S. presidential election.^[26]^[31] Also in March, Alfa Bank was the target of Ukrainian protests.^[32] In May, the owners of Alfa Bank filed a defamation lawsuit against BuzzFeed for publishing the unverified Donald Trump–Russia dossier, which alleges financial ties and collusion between Putin, Trump, and Alfa Bank's owners.^[33]^[34] In June, President Trump nominated Brian Benczkowski, the bank's former attorney, to be United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division.^[35] In October the owners of Alfa Bank filed a libel suit against Fusion GPS and Glenn Simpson, for circulating the Trump-Russia dossier among journalists and allowing it to be published.^[36] In December, Alfa Bank's wholly owned Dutch subsidiary Amsterdam Trade Bank (ATB) was raided in connection to an investigation into possible money-laundering.^[37]^[38]
2018 – In April, the owners of Alfa Bank, Mikhail Fridman, Petr Aven, and German Khan, filed a libel suit against Christopher Steele, creator of the Trump-Russia dossier^[39]^[40]^[41], since the Trump dossier alleges financial ties and collusion between Putin, Trump, and the three bank owners.^[42]^[43] The lawsuit was filed in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia^[40]^[41] and then dismissed with prejudice the following August.^[44]
August, 2108 a handwritten note by Bruce Ohr indicated that Glenn Simpson and Christopher Steele were behind the false narrative of an Alfa Bank server communicating with a Trump Organization server. ^[45]

References

^ ^a ^b "Fact Sheet". Alfa Bank. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ABH Financial Limited. "Fact Sheet". alfabank.com. ABH Financial Limited. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
^ "Credit Ratings - 2017". alfabank.com. 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
^ "Рейтинг банков - 2017 (таблица)". Forbes.ru. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "Russian Banks: In the shadow of giants". The Economist. 398 (8721). The Economist Newspaper Limited: 71. 19–25 February 2011.
^ "Corporate Profile". Alfa Bank. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 February 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Top 200". Profile.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 1 October 2011.
^ Merge and Acquire, The Ukrainian Week (9 October 2015)
^ "Top-1000 World Banks by The Banker magazine". Venchur.ru. Russian Venture Investment Center. 5 July 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
^ "Bank's History" (in Russian). Alfa Bank. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
^ Bank, Alfa (31 December 1998). "Alfa Bank Annual Report 1998" (PDF). alfabank.com. Alfa Bank. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
^ Jack, Andrew (20 October 2004). "Russian newspaper faces $10m bill for defamation". Financial Times. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
^ Hannah Gardner and Torrey Clark (6 September 2007). "Russian Police Search Alfa Bank, Seize Documents (Update2)". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Fitch Upgrades Russia's Alfa Bank to 'BB'; Outlook Stable". CbondS Financial Information. 11 December 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ Vasilyeva, Nataliya (31 October 2008). "Russia's Alfa Bank asks $400 million from state". USA Today. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ "Russian Bank Secures Online Banking With Aladdin Authentication". IT Business Net. 15 December 2008. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Severnaya Kazna integration
^ "Fitch Downgrades Russia's MDM and Alfa; Other Banks on Negative Outlook". CbondS Financial Information. 27 March 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ "Russia Alfa Bank launches $1 bln Eurobond-sources". Reuters. 17 September 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ "Alfa Bank Eyes Bank of Moscow Stake – report". Reuters. 24 January 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ "Euroset, Alfa Bank Launch Loyalty Card Credit Programme". Telecom Paper. 14 March 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ ^a ^b Foer, Franklin (31 October 2016). "Was a Trump Server Communicating With Russia?". Slate. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
^ Foer, Franklin (2 November 2016). "Trump's Server, Revisited". Slate. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
^ DuVall, Eric (1 November 2016). "Donald Trump email server with ties to Russia's Alfa Bank questioned". UPI. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Brown, Pamela; Pagliery, Jose (10 March 2017). "Sources: FBI investigation continues into 'odd' computer link between Russian bank and Trump Organization". CNN. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
^ Kristof, Nicholas (9 March 2017). "Connecting Trump's Dots to Russia". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
^ Bertrand, Natasha (26 March 2017). "A timeline of events that unfolded during the election appears to support the FBI's investigation into Trump and Russia". Business Insider. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
^ "Trump dossier: Christopher Steele, ex-MI6 officer, named as author". The Guardian. 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^ Edward, Jim (11 January 2017). "TIMELINE: That Russian Trump blackmail dossier has been making the rounds for months — here is how it finally came to light". Business Insider. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
^ Bertrand, Natasha (10 March 2017). "The FBI is reportedly examining why a Russian bank with ties to Putin wanted to reach the Trump Organization during the campaign". Business Insider. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
^ Protesters In Kyiv Target Russian Bank And Oligarch Office on YouTube Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
^ Porter, Tom (27 May 2017). "Russian Bankers Sue BuzzFeed Over Publication Of Unverified Trump Dossier". Newsweek. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
^ Gerstein, Josh (26 May 2017). "Russian bank owners sue BuzzFeed over Trump dossier publication". Politico. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
^ Charlie Savage; Adam Goldman (25 July 2017). "Justice Dept. Nominee Says He Once Represented Russian Bank". The New York Times. p. A11. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
^ Gerstein, Josh (4 October 2017). "3 Russians named in Trump dossier sue Fusion GPS for libel". Politico. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
^ "Dutch subsidiary of Russia's Alfa Bank raided in money laundering investigation". Reuters. 12 December 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
^ Pieters, Janene (21 March 2017). "Dutch Banks Accused of Aiding Russian Money Laundering Scheme". Netherlands Times. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
^ Polantz, Katelyn (20 April 2018). "3 Russian oligarchs sue Christopher Steele". CNN. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b Polantz, Katelyn (20 April 2018). "3 Russian oligarchs sue Christopher Steele". CNN. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Mikhail Fridman, Petr Aven, and German Khan v. Orbis Business Intelligence Limited and Christopher Steele" (PDF). 16 April 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018 – via CNN.
^ Smith, Geoffrey (11 January 2017). "Here's Why Russian Intelligence Bombshell on Donald Trump Might Be Believable". Fortune. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
^ Sommer, Allison Kaplan (11 January 2017). "Controversial Dossier on Trump Alleges That Russia Targets Jewish-American Businessmen". Haaretz. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
^ "Russia's Alfa Bank fails in lawsuit over Steele's Trump dossier". MSNBC (video). The Rachel Maddow Show. 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
^ Handwritten Notes Reveal Glenn Simpson Gave Bruce Ohr a ‘Memory Stick’ in Secret Meeting Shortly After Trump Won 2016 Election, The Gateway Pundit

External links

Template:50 largest Russian banks Template:Banks of Ukraine

[ataglance-1] "Fact Sheet". Alfa Bank. Retrieved 21 March 2018.

[finres18-2] ABH Financial Limited. "Fact Sheet". alfabank.com. ABH Financial Limited. Retrieved 21 March 2018.

[sprating-3] "Credit Ratings - 2017". alfabank.com. 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.

[forbesrating-4] "Рейтинг банков - 2017 (таблица)". Forbes.ru. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[5] "Russian Banks: In the shadow of giants". The Economist. 398 (8721). The Economist Newspaper Limited: 71. 19–25 February 2011.

[corpro-6] "Corporate Profile". Alfa Bank. Retrieved 20 March 2011.

[7] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 February 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[8] "Top 200". Profile.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 1 October 2011.

[9] Merge and Acquire, The Ukrainian Week (9 October 2015)

[10] "Top-1000 World Banks by The Banker magazine". Venchur.ru. Russian Venture Investment Center. 5 July 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2017.

[history-11] "Bank's History" (in Russian). Alfa Bank. Retrieved 20 March 2011.

[anre98-12] Bank, Alfa (31 December 1998). "Alfa Bank Annual Report 1998" (PDF). alfabank.com. Alfa Bank. Retrieved 21 March 2011.

[13] Jack, Andrew (20 October 2004). "Russian newspaper faces $10m bill for defamation". Financial Times. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[14] Hannah Gardner and Torrey Clark (6 September 2007). "Russian Police Search Alfa Bank, Seize Documents (Update2)". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[15] "Fitch Upgrades Russia's Alfa Bank to 'BB'; Outlook Stable". CbondS Financial Information. 11 December 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

[16] Vasilyeva, Nataliya (31 October 2008). "Russia's Alfa Bank asks $400 million from state". USA Today. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

[17] "Russian Bank Secures Online Banking With Aladdin Authentication". IT Business Net. 15 December 2008. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

[18] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Severnaya Kazna integration

[19] "Fitch Downgrades Russia's MDM and Alfa; Other Banks on Negative Outlook". CbondS Financial Information. 27 March 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

[20] "Russia Alfa Bank launches $1 bln Eurobond-sources". Reuters. 17 September 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

[21] "Alfa Bank Eyes Bank of Moscow Stake – report". Reuters. 24 January 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

[22] "Euroset, Alfa Bank Launch Loyalty Card Credit Programme". Telecom Paper. 14 March 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

[slateoctober2016-23] Foer, Franklin (31 October 2016). "Was a Trump Server Communicating With Russia?". Slate. Retrieved 6 April 2017.

[slatenovember2016-24] Foer, Franklin (2 November 2016). "Trump's Server, Revisited". Slate. Retrieved 6 April 2017.

[25] DuVall, Eric (1 November 2016). "Donald Trump email server with ties to Russia's Alfa Bank questioned". UPI. Retrieved 12 April 2017.

[cnn2017-26] Brown, Pamela; Pagliery, Jose (10 March 2017). "Sources: FBI investigation continues into 'odd' computer link between Russian bank and Trump Organization". CNN. Retrieved 11 April 2017.

[27] Kristof, Nicholas (9 March 2017). "Connecting Trump's Dots to Russia". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 April 2017.

[28] Bertrand, Natasha (26 March 2017). "A timeline of events that unfolded during the election appears to support the FBI's investigation into Trump and Russia". Business Insider. Retrieved 20 April 2017.

[29] "Trump dossier: Christopher Steele, ex-MI6 officer, named as author". The Guardian. 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

[30] Edward, Jim (11 January 2017). "TIMELINE: That Russian Trump blackmail dossier has been making the rounds for months — here is how it finally came to light". Business Insider. Retrieved 20 April 2017.

[31] Bertrand, Natasha (10 March 2017). "The FBI is reportedly examining why a Russian bank with ties to Putin wanted to reach the Trump Organization during the campaign". Business Insider. Retrieved 20 April 2017.

[32] Protesters In Kyiv Target Russian Bank And Oligarch Office on YouTube Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

[33] Porter, Tom (27 May 2017). "Russian Bankers Sue BuzzFeed Over Publication Of Unverified Trump Dossier". Newsweek. Retrieved 28 May 2017.

[34] Gerstein, Josh (26 May 2017). "Russian bank owners sue BuzzFeed over Trump dossier publication". Politico. Retrieved 28 May 2017.

[35] Charlie Savage; Adam Goldman (25 July 2017). "Justice Dept. Nominee Says He Once Represented Russian Bank". The New York Times. p. A11. Retrieved 26 July 2017.

[Gerstein_10/4/2017-36] Gerstein, Josh (4 October 2017). "3 Russians named in Trump dossier sue Fusion GPS for libel". Politico. Retrieved 29 March 2018.

[37] "Dutch subsidiary of Russia's Alfa Bank raided in money laundering investigation". Reuters. 12 December 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.

[38] Pieters, Janene (21 March 2017). "Dutch Banks Accused of Aiding Russian Money Laundering Scheme". Netherlands Times. Retrieved 31 March 2018.

[39] Polantz, Katelyn (20 April 2018). "3 Russian oligarchs sue Christopher Steele". CNN. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[oligarchs-40] Polantz, Katelyn (20 April 2018). "3 Russian oligarchs sue Christopher Steele". CNN. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[SteeleComplaint20180416-41] "Mikhail Fridman, Petr Aven, and German Khan v. Orbis Business Intelligence Limited and Christopher Steele" (PDF). 16 April 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018 – via CNN.

[42] Smith, Geoffrey (11 January 2017). "Here's Why Russian Intelligence Bombshell on Donald Trump Might Be Believable". Fortune. Retrieved 5 April 2018.

[43] Sommer, Allison Kaplan (11 January 2017). "Controversial Dossier on Trump Alleges That Russia Targets Jewish-American Businessmen". Haaretz. Retrieved 5 April 2018.

[44] "Russia's Alfa Bank fails in lawsuit over Steele's Trump dossier". MSNBC (video). The Rachel Maddow Show. 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.

[45] Handwritten Notes Reveal Glenn Simpson Gave Bruce Ohr a ‘Memory Stick’ in Secret Meeting Shortly After Trump Won 2016 Election, The Gateway Pundit

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@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 *'''2017''' – In January, the [[Donald Trump–Russia dossier]], prepared by former [[MI6]] agent [[Christopher Steele]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/12/christopher-steele-ex-mi6-officer-named-as-author-of-trump-dossier|title=Trump dossier: Christopher Steele, ex-MI6 officer, named as author|date=12 January 2017|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|language=en-GB|access-date=12 January 2017}}</ref> and denoting various ties between Trump and Russia, was published in full in ''[[BuzzFeed News]]''; the dossier mentions Alfa Bank's parent company [[Alfa Group]] (spelled "Alpha Group" in the dossier).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Edward|first1=Jim|title=TIMELINE: That Russian Trump blackmail dossier has been making the rounds for months — here is how it finally came to light|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-russia-trump-sex-blackmail-golden-shower-dossier-2017-1|accessdate=20 April 2017|work=[[Business Insider]]|date=11 January 2017}}</ref> On 10 March, ''[[CNN]]'' reported that the FBI was continuing to investigate the unusual computer activity between Alfa Bank and the Trump Organization which had occurred in the summer of 2016, and which had been reported in the media just before the U.S. presidential election.<ref name=cnn2017/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bertrand|first1=Natasha|title=The FBI is reportedly examining why a Russian bank with ties to Putin wanted to reach the Trump Organization during the campaign|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/fbi-alfa-bank-trump-organization-servers-2017-3|accessdate=20 April 2017|work=[[Business Insider]]|date=10 March 2017}}</ref>    Also in March, Alfa Bank was the target of Ukrainian protests.<ref>{{YouTube|qMEOxF5kCJQ|Protesters In Kyiv Target Russian Bank And Oligarch Office}} [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]</ref> In May, the owners of Alfa Bank filed a defamation lawsuit against ''[[BuzzFeed]]'' for publishing the unverified Donald Trump–Russia dossier, which alleges financial ties and collusion between Putin, Trump, and Alfa Bank's owners.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Porter|first1=Tom|title=Russian Bankers Sue BuzzFeed Over Publication Of Unverified Trump Dossier|url=http://www.newsweek.com/alfa-bank-buzzfeed-trump-dossier-616763|accessdate=28 May 2017|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=27 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Gerstein|first1=Josh|title=Russian bank owners sue BuzzFeed over Trump dossier publication|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/under-the-radar/2017/05/26/trump-dossier-russian-bank-owners-sue-buzzfeed-238876|accessdate=28 May 2017|work=[[Politico]]|date=26 May 2017}}</ref>  In June, President Trump nominated [[Brian Benczkowski]], the bank's former attorney, to be [[United States Assistant Attorney General]] for the [[United States Department of Justice Criminal Division|Criminal Division]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=[[Charlie Savage]]|last2=[[Adam Goldman]]|title=Justice Dept. Nominee Says He Once Represented Russian Bank|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/24/us/politics/brian-benczkowski-justice-alfa-bank.html|accessdate=26 July 2017|work=The New York Times|date=25 July 2017|page=A11}}</ref> In October the owners of Alfa Bank filed a libel suit against [[Fusion GPS]] and [[Glenn R. Simpson|Glenn Simpson]], for circulating the Trump-Russia dossier among journalists and allowing it to be published.<ref name="Gerstein_10/4/2017">{{cite news |last=Gerstein |first=Josh |title=3 Russians named in Trump dossier sue Fusion GPS for libel |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/under-the-radar/2017/10/04/trump-dossier-fusion-gps-russians-lawsuit-fridman-aven-khan-243461 |work=[[Politico]] |date=October 4, 2017 |accessdate=March 29, 2018}}</ref> In December, Alfa Bank's wholly owned Dutch subsidiary [[Amsterdam Trade Bank]] (ATB) was raided in connection to an investigation into possible money-laundering.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dutch subsidiary of Russia's Alfa Bank raided in money laundering investigation|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/netherlands-russia-bank/corrected-dutch-subsidiary-of-russias-alfa-bank-raided-in-money-laundering-investigation-idUSL8N1OC4SM|accessdate=31 March 2018|work=[[Reuters]]|date=12 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Pieters|first1=Janene|title=Dutch Banks Accused of Aiding Russian Money Laundering Scheme|url=https://nltimes.nl/2017/03/21/dutch-banks-accused-aiding-russian-money-laundering-scheme|accessdate=31 March 2018|work=Netherlands Times|date=21 March 2017}}</ref>
 *'''2018''' – In April, the owners of Alfa Bank, [[Mikhail Fridman]], [[Petr Aven]], and [[German Khan]], filed a libel suit against [[Christopher Steele]], creator of the Trump-Russia dossier<ref>{{cite news |last=Polantz |first=Katelyn |title=3 Russian oligarchs sue Christopher Steele |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/20/politics/oligarchs-lawsuit-christopher-steele/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |date=April 20, 2018 |accessdate=April 22, 2018}}</ref><ref name=oligarchs>{{cite news|last1=Polantz|first1=Katelyn|title=3 Russian oligarchs sue Christopher Steele|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/20/politics/oligarchs-lawsuit-christopher-steele/index.html|accessdate=22 April 2018|work=[[CNN]]|date=20 April 2018}}</ref><ref name=SteeleComplaint20180416>{{cite web|title=Mikhail Fridman, Petr Aven, and German Khan v. Orbis Business Intelligence Limited and Christopher Steele|url=http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2018/images/04/20/complaint.from.fridman.against.steele.orbis.in.dc.superior.court.pdf|format=PDF|date=April 16, 2018|access-date=August 20, 2018|via=[[CNN]]}}</ref>, since the Trump dossier alleges financial ties and [[collusion]] between Putin, Trump, and the three bank owners.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Geoffrey|title=Here's Why Russian Intelligence Bombshell on Donald Trump Might Be Believable|url=http://fortune.com/2017/01/11/donald-trump-intelligence-russian/|accessdate=5 April 2018|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|date=11 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sommer|first1=Allison Kaplan|title=Controversial Dossier on Trump Alleges That Russia Targets Jewish-American Businessmen|url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/leaked-trump-dossier-alleges-that-russia-targets-jewish-americans-1.5484596|accessdate=5 April 2018|work=[[Haaretz]]|date=11 January 2017}}</ref> The lawsuit was filed in the [[Superior Court of the District of Columbia]]<ref name=oligarchs/><ref name=SteeleComplaint20180416 /> and then [[dismissed with prejudice]] the following August.<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia's Alfa Bank fails in lawsuit over Steele's Trump dossier|url=https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow/watch/russia-s-alfa-bank-fails-in-lawsuit-over-steele-s-trump-dossier-1303085635995|website=[[MSNBC]]|series=[[The Rachel Maddow Show]]|type=video|date=August 20, 2018|access-date=August 20, 2018}}</ref>
+*'''August, 2108''' a handwritten note by [[Bruce Ohr]] indicated that Glenn Simpson and Christopher Steele were behind the false narrative of an Alfa Bank server communicating with a Trump Organization server. <ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2018/08/handwritten-notes-reveal-glenn-simpson-gave-bruce-ohr-a-memory-stick-in-secret-meeting-shortly-after-trump-won-2016-election/   Handwritten Notes Reveal Glenn Simpson Gave Bruce Ohr a ‘Memory Stick’ in Secret Meeting Shortly After Trump Won 2016 Election, ''The Gateway Pundit'']</ref>
 ==See also==