Brilliant Light Power

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Blacklight Power Inc.
IndustryChemistry
FoundedHydroCatalysis Inc.[1] in 1991.[2]
FounderRandell L. Mills
Headquarters
493 Old Trenton Rd.
Cranbury, NJ
,
USA
SubsidiariesMillsian, Inc.
WebsiteBlacklightPower.com

Blacklight Power, Inc. (BLP) of Cranbury, New Jersey[3] is a company linked to the ideas of its founder Randell L. Mills, which he self-published in a treatise entitled The Grand Unified Theory of Classical Physics (GUT-CP).[4] In the book he claims that chemicals, under controlled experiments, may react catalytically with atomic hydrogen to generate an ultraviolet plasma. The company claims that the special plasma byproducts predicted by GUT-CP, called "hydrinos", have been experimentally observed to have an energy state below what quantum mechanics refers to as the ground state of hydrogen.[3] By 2009 BLP has raised about sixty million dollars in venture capital.[5][6] The company subsidiary, Millsian Inc., has developed and released a molecular modeling program based on the book.[7]

Inspiration

Mills first announced his hydrino state theory in April 25, 1991 in a press conference in Lancaster, as an explanation for the cold fusion phenomena that had been revealed in 1989. According to Mills, no fusion was actually happening in the cells: all the effects would be caused by the hydrogen atoms which shrunk as they fell to a lower state. The increased proximity between the shrunk atoms would cause them to fusion sporadically. Some of those atoms would be deuterium atoms (a hydrogen atom with one extra neutron), which would explain why there were occasional readings of neutrons. No experimental evidence was offered by Mills, and his claim went unanswered and ignored by the scientific community.[1][8][9][10]

Rejection of mainstream particle physics

Mills claims that much of standard particle physics, while having experimental validation, should be rejected due to its reliance on overfitting:[11]

The Dirac equation does not reconcile this situation. Many additional shortcomings arise such as instability to radiation, negative kinetic energy states, intractable infinities, virtual particles at every point in space, self-interaction, the Klein paradox, violation of Einstein causality, and 'spooky' action at a distance. Despite its successes, quantum mechanics (QM) has remained mysterious to all who have encountered it. Starting with Bohr and progressing into the present, the departure from intuitive, physical reality has widened. The connection between quantum mechanics and reality is more than just a "philosophical" issue. It reveals that quantum mechanics is not a correct or complete theory of the physical world and that inescapable internal inconsistencies and incongruities arise when attempts are made to treat it as a physical as opposed to a purely mathematical 'tool.'

In 2007, Antonio Di Castro showed that the states below the ground state, as described in Mills' theory, are incompatible with the Schrödinger, Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations."[12]

Two-dimensional model of electrons

Mills claims that the electron is an extended particle or membrane that in free space would consist of a flat disk of spinning charge.[4]: 159–79  Mills' mathematical model for the bound electron treats the electron not as a point nor as a probability wave, but as a dynamic two-dimensional spherical shell surrounding the nucleus. The resulting model, called the "orbitsphere", is claimed to provide a fully classical physical explanation for phenomena including quantization of angular momentum and magnetic moment, while avoiding the problem of a singularity. The model is not restricted to the integer orbitals of the hydrogen atom described by the Bohr model and calculated from Schrödinger's equation for it allows the existence of fractional integer orbitals. Mills' model derives "classical" orbitals from the classical nonradiation condition defined by Hermann A. Haus in 1986.[13]

Blacklight process

According to Mills, a specific chemical process he calls "The BlackLight Process" allows a bound electron to fall to energy states below what quantum theory predicts to be possible. In the hydrogen atom, these states are postulated to have an effective radius of 1/p of the ground state radius, with p being limited by the speed of light to a positive integer less than or equal to 137.[4]: 31, 207  He terms these below-ground hydrogen atoms 'hydrinos'. Mills' mechanism consists of a non-radiative energy transfer between a hydrogen atom and a catalyst that is capable of absorbing a certain amount of energy. The total energy Mills says is released for hydrino transitions is large compared to the chemical burning of hydrogen, but less than nuclear reactions. Mills claims that limitations on confinement and terrestrial conditions have prevented the achievement of hydrino states below 1/30, which would correspond to an energy release of approximately 15 keV per hydrogen atom.[14]

Book

Mills claims he has unified Maxwell's Equations, Newton's Laws, and Einstein's General and Special Relativity on the basis that they must hold on all scales from the subatomic to the cosmic. Mills has put forward his thesis in his book, originally called The Grand Unified Theory of Classical Quantum Mechanics (GUT-CQM), and later given the new title The Grand Unified Theory of Classical Physics (GUT-CP).[4] The book is divided into three volumes:

  1. Atomic Physics
  2. Molecular Physics
  3. Collective Phenomena, High-Energy Physics, and Cosmology

Reactions from various scientists

Mills has met skepticism since the founding of BLP in 1991. CQM and hydrinos have been doubted in the literature,[15] are not accepted as mainstream science, and have been rejected by experts in the field[2][5][6][9] outside of a small group of researchers and scientists.[2] These researchers have included scientists from NASA and the US Navy research labs, some of whom seated later in the board of his company.[2]

Although Mills has published CQM theory papers in peer-reviewed journals, he has published only in those dealing with speculative work and has failed to address several deep flaws in the theory.[5] The most visible critic of Mills' theories has been Robert L. Park, the spokesman for the American Physical Society.[2]

A 2005 evaluation by Andreas Rathke claims there are "severe inconsistencies" in Mills' theory, including a lack of "solutions that predict the existence of hydrinos."[15] Rathke also notes that Mills' equations are not Lorentz invariant, a requirement of any theory that explains the behavior of particles moving close to the speed of light.[16] Mills responded to Rathke with an article (listed as "in press" on the BlackLight Power website) claiming Rathke made nine major errors in his analysis.[17][18]

Jan Naudts of the University of Antwerp argues that Rathke did not take into account complexities introduced by relativistic quantum mechanics, and that without doing so Rathke was not justified in rejecting the possibility of a hydrino state.[19] Inspired by Naudt's response to Rathke, Norman Dombey concluded that hydrino states were "unphysical" due to certain problems with non-relativistic counterparts, coupling strength and binding strength.[20]

Edmund Storms (2007) claimed that Mills' theory explains reports of cold fusion experiments,[21] though they have been discredited by the scientific community.

Responses by outside researchers in chronological order

  • May-November 2002: A NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Phase I study is conducted at Rowan University, led by mechanical engineering professor Anthony Marchese, to investigate the so-called BlackLight Process for use in spacecraft propulsion. The team reports that with assistance from BlackLight Power, they successfully replicated previous results, including the observation of line broadening indicative of hydrogen atoms moving much faster than would ordinarily be expected under the experimental conditions.[22]

"Mills has written a 1000 page tome, entitled The Grand Unified Theory of Classical Quantum Mechanics, that takes the reader all the way from hydrinos to antigravity (WN 9 May 97). Fortunately, Aaron Barth (not to be confused with Erik Baard, the Randy Mills apologist), has taken upon himself to look through it, checking for accuracy. Barth is a post doctoral researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and holds a PhD in Astronomy, 1998, from UC, Berkeley. What he found initially were mathematical blunders and unjustified assumptions. To his surprise, however, portions of the book seemed well organized. These, it now turns out, were lifted verbatim from various texts. This has been the object of a great deal of discussion from Mills's Hydrino Study Group. Mills seems not to understand what the fuss is all about." - Park[23]

  • January 4, 2005: Šišović et al. have reported that observed line broadening contradicts Mills's models.[24]

"We found that CQM is inconsistent and has several serious deficiencies. Amongst these are the failure to reproduce the energy levels of the excited states of the hydrogen atom, and the absence of Lorentz invariance. Most importantly, we found that CQM does not predict the existence of hydrino states!" - Rathke[15][25]

  • August 5, 2005: Jan Naudts of the University of Antwerp argues that Rathke did not take into account complexities introduced by relativistic quantum mechanics, and that without doing so Rathke was not justified in rejecting the possibility of a hydrino state.[26]
  • 2006: inspired by Naudt's response, Norman Dombey concluded that Mill's theory of hydrino states is "unphysical". According to Dombey, hydrino states are unphysical for the following is required for them to be physical:[20]
  1. Hydrino states would need non-relativistic counterparts to remain physical, but they don't have them.
  2. Hydrino states would need to be incompatible with a coupling strength (fine structure constant) equal to zero to remain physical, yet "hydrino states" seem to exist in the absence of any coupling strength.
  3. Hydrino states would need to have binding strength that falls with the coupling strength. The hydrino model predicts that binding strength for hydrino states increases as the coupling strength falls, rendering the states unphysical.
  • 2007: In a review of cold fusion research, Edmund Storms, a cold fusion researcher, concludes that the hydrino model provides a possible explanation for cold fusion.[21]
  • May 1, 2008: Hans-Jürgen Kunze suggests "that spectral lines, on which the fiction of fractional principal quantum numbers in the hydrogen atom is based, are nothing else but artefacts." [27]
  • September 2008: BLP publishes the assertion that researchers at Rowan University reported reproducible bursts of heat when testing BlackLight cells and prototype reactors, using materials provided by BlackLight.[28] Critics have complained about borrowing reactors from Blacklight instead of building their own, past collaboration of the author with Mills, and lack of detail in the calorimeter measurements, which makes it difficult to tell if all sources of error were taken into account.[5][6] The company says that, for now, it is keeping secret how to loop the system to achieve a self-sustaining reaction that provides a continuous output of heat, in order to keep its own researchers a step ahead in the research of the system.[6] As of 2008, the company predicts that totally independent researchers should be able to test the full system by around October 2009.[6]
  • August 12, 2009: A BLP press release asserts that scientists at Rowan University have for the first time independently formulated and tested fuels that on demand generated energy greater than that of combustion at power levels of kilowatts using BLP’s proprietary solid-fuel chemistry capable of continuous regeneration. Operating power systems using BLP’s chemistry, Rowan University professors have reported a net energy gain of up to 6.5 times the maximum energy potential of the materials in the system from known chemical reactions.[29] "It does portend some type of novel energy source," said Peter Jansson, associate engineering professor at Rowan.[30]

On page 91 of Paul LaViolette's book "SubQuantum Kinetics", he attempts to explain Mills's theory using conventional physics.[31]

Alleged experimental findings

According to the BLP website, Mills et al. have published over 70[32] peer-reviewed experimental studies reporting significant observations, including:

  • Chemical reactions that produce plasmas in gas cells with input energies far below the level that conventional theory predicts is required to produce such plasmas.
  • Spectral lines from gas cell plasmas which match the predictions for hydrino transitions.[33]
  • Detection of excess heat from plasma cells using water bath calorimetry.
  • New chemical compounds said to have been formed from hydrino hydrides (i.e. a hydrino which has captured another electron to form a negative hydride ion) which show unusual properties and structure.
  • Molecular 'dihydrino' gas formation and detection.
  • Experiments demonstrating excess energy when sodium hydride is heated in contact with Raney nickel catalyst (R-Ni)[34]

Corporate history

Founder and CEO Randell Mills

Randell Mills graduated from Harvard Medical School,[2] and studied biotechnology and electrical engineering at MIT.[35] He has a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Chemistry, summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, from Franklin & Marshall College in 1982.[citation needed]

Blacklight Power says it may have tapped the energy that cosmologists have struggled to explain, called dark matter, which fills the universe. "It represents a boundless form of new primary energy". "I think it's going to replace all forms of fuel in the world.", said Randell Mills to Reuters.[30]

An article in the technology column of the New York Times described in 2008 how Mills had kept plugging on and getting $60 million in venture funding despite his theories being first rejected and then ignored by the scientific community during years; it called the Blacklight reactors an interesting technology that could revolutionize the energy world, although it said that it was prudent to wait for more independent verification.[6] IEEE Spectrum magazine listed Blacklight as a "loser" technology in its 2009 report because "Most experts don’t believe such lower states exist, and they say the experiments don’t present convincing evidence."[5]

Development

  • Randell Mills founded the company in 1991.[2] According to Park it was founded as HydroCatalysis Inc. and later renamed to Blacklight Power Inc.[1]
  • By 1999 the company was claiming to have produced excess energy for over a year.[1]
  • By 2000 Mills raised $25 million in funding for the company, and in 2009 he had raised $60 million.[5][6] Mills convinced several researchers that supported him to sit at the board of his company.[2]
  • On June 14, 2007, Blacklight Power's subsidiary, Millsian, offered a molecular modeling software application based on CQM theory. The subsidiary had been formed in June 2006 as Molegos Inc. and renamed in October 2006.[7]

Commercial licensing

  • On December 11, 2008, BLPI announced that it has signed its first commercial license, with Estacado Energy Services;[38] but there was no corresponding announcement from Estacado. The Columbia Journalism Review commented at length on the credulous reportage by CNN's Poppy Harlow of the BLPI release in an article entitled "Weird Science (Reporting)".[39]
  • On January 6, 2009, Blacklight Power issued a press release announcing that it has signed its second commercial license agreement with Farmers' Electric Cooperative of New Mexico to produce up to 250 MW of continuous power.[40]

Involvement with Rowan University

  • On October 20, 2008, BLPI made a statement that Peter Jansson of Rowan University had completed a three month test of their reactors and validated excess heat production.[41][42]
  • August 12, 2009: BLP press release through Hill & Knowlton claims that researchers at Rowan University reproduced BlackLight process, using their own materials. Results were claimed to show 1.2 times to 6.5 times the energy released than can be attributed by known chemical reactions. Detailed instructions of the process are said to be released so that third party verification can take place. Rowan researchers were said to have produced their own material from purchased chemicals, to avoid the caveats realised in the previous 2008 test.[43][44]

Patents

In 2000, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) approved Blacklight's patent application 09/009,294 entitled "Hydride Compounds" after an initial rejection, and gave it US 6030601 . The fee had already been paid, but it hadn't still reached the stage of final issuance. The company was later granted US 6024935  "Lower-Energy Hydrogen Methods and Structures". An outside request prompted Director Group Director Kepplinger to review this new patent himself, and he expressed concerns about the patent's theoretical basis, the existence of fractional quantum numbers, and noticed that the patent application, 09/009,294, had the same theoretical basis. He contacted another Director, Robert Spar, who also expressed doubts on the patentability of the patent application. This caused the USPTO to withdraw from issue the patent application before it was granted and re-open it for review, and to withdraw four related applications. This prompted Blacklight to sue in the US District Court of Columbia, saying that withdrawing the 09/009,294 patent after having paid the fee was contrary to law. In 2002 the District Court concluded that the USPTO was acting inside the limits of its authority in withdrawing a patent over whose validity it had doubts, and later that year the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ratified this decision.[45] The current status of US 6024935  is unclear, and it is still listed as a granted patent in the USPTO website.[46]

In March and April 2008, Blacklight Power had four UK patent applications relating to models and apparatus based on hydrino theory refused by the UK Intellectual Property Office. The decision was based on "the experimental evidence provided and the acceptance of the theory by the physics community generally", which led to the conclusion that the theory "was probably not valid", and therefore that the inventions were not "capable of industrial application" as required by UK patent law.[47] In November 2008, the UK Patents Court overturned the rejection of the four patents, ruling that they should only have been rejected if the theory was clearly invalid (rather than probably invalid) and remitted the case to the Patent Office for reconsideration.[48][49]

The company does hold US 7188033  for rendering the chemical bonds of hydrogen using imaging software, covering their "Millsian" molecular modeling software application.[50]

Patent applications appearing in a Google Patents search
# Filed Patent
US Pat. 10331725 2002-12-31 Synthesis and characterization of a highly stable amorphous silicon hydride ...
US Pat. 10/513,026 2003-04-30 Diamond synthesis
US Pat. 10469913 2003-09-05 Microwave power cell, chemical reactor, and power converter
US Pat. 10552585 2004-04-08 Plasma reactor and process for producing lower-energy hydrogen species
US Pat. 10494571 2004-05-06 Hydrogen power, plasma, and reactor for lasing, and power conversion
US Pat. 11596218 2005-05-17 Method and System of Computing and Rendering the Nature of the Excited ...
Patents Granted appearing in a Google Patents search
# Filed Patent
US Pat. 6024935 1997-03-21 Lower-energy hydrogen methods and structures
US Pat. 7188033 2004-07-19 Method and system of computing and rendering the nature of the chemical bond ...

References

  1. ^ a b c Robert L. Park (26 April 1991). "What's New Friday, 26 April 1991 Washington, DC". and Robert L. Park (31 October 2008). "What's New Friday, October 31, 2008".
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Jacqueline A. Newmyer (May 17, 2000). "Academics Question The Science Behind BlackLight Power, Inc". Harvard Crimson. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  3. ^ a b http://www.blacklightpower.com/ Official site
  4. ^ a b c d Mills, Randell L. (2008). "The Grand Unified Theory of Classical Physics" (DjVu). Blacklight Power. Retrieved 2009-08-15. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) (Self-published)
  5. ^ a b c d e f Erico Guizzo (January 2009). "Loser: Hot or Not?". IEEE Spectrum. Why it's a loser: Most experts don't believe such lower states exist, and they say the experiments don't present convincing evidence. (part of Winners & Losers VI, by Philip E. Ross in the same publication)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Morrison, Chris (2008-10-21). "Blacklight Power bolsters its impossible claims of a new renewable energy source". New York Times.
  7. ^ a b "Millsian". Millsian. Official site
  8. ^ Robert L. Park (2002). Voodoo science: the road from foolishness to fraud (illustrated, reprint ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 133–135. ISBN 0198604432, 9780198604433. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  9. ^ a b E. Sheldon (September–October 2008). "An overview of almost 20 years' research on cold fusion". Contemporary Physics. 49 (5): 375–378. doi:10.1080/00107510802465229. [Mill's paper], which involves a nowadays widely discredited 'hydrino' model that was proposed in 1991 to account for the excess heat observations in 'cold fusion' studies. (...) [the notion that there are electron orbital states that are less energetic than the ground state], is contrary to conventional quantum principles and unacceptable to me or to the general theoretical-physics community.
  10. ^ William J. Broad (1991-04-26). "2 Teams Put New Life in 'Cold' Fusion Theory". New York Times.
  11. ^ Mills, Randell L. (2008). "Exact classical quantum mechanical solution for atomic helium which predicts conjugate parameters from a unique solution for the first time" (PDF). Phys. Essays. 21 (2): 103. doi:10.4006/1.3009282.
  12. ^ de Castro, Antonio S. (4 April 2007). "Orthogonality criterion for banishing hydrino states from standard quantum mechanics". Phys Ltrs A. 369: 380. arXiv:0704.0631v1.
  13. ^ Haus, Hermann A. (1986). "On the radiation from point charges". American Journal of Physics. 54: 1126. doi:10.1119/1.14729.
  14. ^ Randell L. Mills (2008-01-21). "Physical solutions of the nature of the atom, photon, and their interactions to form excited and predicted hydrino states" (PDF). BlackLight Power. Retrieved 2009-03-02. (self published)
  15. ^ a b c Rathke (2005). "A critical analysis of the hydrino model". New Journal of Physics. 2005 (7): 127. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/127. 'a state of the hydrogen atom that is less energetic than the ground state cannot be ruled out completely under some exotic conditions at our current level of understanding. Such conditions are however not likely to be fulfilled in the relatively low-energy, low electromagnetic field environment of the plasmas studied by Mills et al.' and 'standard quantum mechanics cannot encompass hydrino states, with the properties currently attributed to them' {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. ^ Rathke (2005). "A critical analysis of the hydrino model". New Journal of Physics. 2005 (7): 127. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/127. ...this wave equation is not Lorentz-invariant for any other phase velocity than the speed of light {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  17. ^ Mills, Randell L. "Physical solutions to the nature of the atom, photon, and their interaction to form excited and predicted hydrino states" (PDF). Blacklight Power.[dubious – discuss] (Self-published)
  18. ^ Mills. "Mills Rebuttal of Rathke Regarding Hydrinos" (PDF). Blacklight Power. (Self-published)
  19. ^ Naudts, Jan (5 August 2005). "On the hydrino state of the relativistic hydrogen atom" (v2 ed.). arXiv. arXiv:physics/0507193v2.
  20. ^ a b Dombey, Norman (8 August 2006). "The hydrino and other unlikely states". Phys Ltrs A. 360: 62. doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2006.07.069. arXiv:arXiv:physics/0608095.
  21. ^ a b Storms, Edmund (2007). Science of low energy nuclear reaction: a comprehensive compilation of evidence and explanations. Singapore: World Scientific. p. 184. ISBN 9812706208.
  22. ^ Marchese, A. J. (May 1 – November 30, 2002). "The BlackLight Rocket Engine NIAC Phase I Final Report" (PDF). NIAC. Retrieved 2009-08-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date format (link)
  23. ^ Park, Bob (27 October 2000). "What's New?". University of Maryland. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
  24. ^ Šišović, N. M.; Majstorović, G. Lj.; Konjević, N. (4 January 2005). "Excessive hydrogen and deuterium Balmer lines broadening in a hollow cathode glow discharges". European Physical Journal D-Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. 32: 347–354. doi:10.1140/epjd/e2004-00192-1.
  25. ^ Rathke, Andreas (20 May 2005). "A critical analysis of the hydrino model". quant-ph/0505150].{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  26. ^ Naudts, Jan (5 August 2005). "On the hydrino state of the relativistic hydrogen atom". arXiv. arXiv:[[arxiv:arXiv:physics/0507193v2 [physics.gen-ph]|arXiv:physics/0507193v2 [physics.gen-ph]]].
  27. ^ Kunze, H-J (2008). "On the spectroscopic measurements used to support the postulate of states with fractional principal quantum numbers in hydrogen". J Phys D: Appl Phys. 41: 108001. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/41/10/108001.
  28. ^ Jansson, Peter. "Water Flow Calorimetry Experiments, Validation Tests and Chemical Analysis of Reactants for BlackLight Power Inc" (PDF). BlackLight Power. (video of experiment
  29. ^ "BlackLight Power Physics Grand Slam: Power, Hydrinos, Light Signature, Theory Prediction Validated" (Press release). BlackLight Power.
  30. ^ a b Gerard Wynn (September 3, 2000). "Sweet dreams are made of geoengineering". Reuters. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
  31. ^ LaViolette, SubQuantum Kinetics, A Systems Approach to Physics and Cosmology, (2003)
  32. ^ "BlackLight Power, Inc. Publications: Journals, Proceedings and Book" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-04-07.(self published)
  33. ^ Mills, R.; Ray, P. (7 July 2003). "Extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy of helium-hydrogen plasma". J Phys D. 36 (17): 1535–1542. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/316.
  34. ^ Mills, R. L.; Zhao, K.; Akhtar; Chang, R.; He, J.; Lu, Y.; Good, W.; Dhandapani, B. "Commercializable power source from forming new states of hydrogen" (PDF). BlackLight Power. Retrieved 2009-03-02. (self published)
  35. ^ Erik Baard (December 21, 1999). "Quantum Leap: Dr. Randell Mills says he can change the face of physics. The Scientfic Establishment thinks he's nuts". The Village Voice. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  36. ^ "BlackLight Power Inc. announces commercial ready alternative power solution" (PDF) (Press release). BlackLight Power. 28 May 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2008. (self published)
  37. ^ "BlackLight Power Inc. Announces Commercial-Ready Alternative Energy Solution" (PDF) (Press release). Retrieved 28 May 2008.
  38. ^ "Blacklight process Estacado press release" (DOC) (Press release). December 11, 2008. (self published) [dubious – discuss]
  39. ^ Raeburn, Paul (December 15, 2008). "Weird Science (Reporting) - CNN covers unfounded claims about new energy technology". Columbia Journalism Review.
  40. ^ "BlackLight Power Inc. Announces Second Commercial License with Farmers' Electric Cooperative, Inc. of New Mexico". Press release. Blacklight Power. 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2009-04-23.
  41. ^ "BlackLight Power Inc. announces independent replication of new energy source". Blacklight Power. 20 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-20. (self published)
  42. ^ "Blacklight Power bolsters its impossible claims of a new renewable energy source". New York Times. October 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  43. ^ "BlackLight Power Physics Grand Slam: Power, Hydrinos, Light Signature, Theory Prediction Validated" (Press release). Blacklight Power. 2009-08-12. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
  44. ^ Morrison, Chris (2009-08-13). "Blacklight Power Returns With More Lab Validation". BNET. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
  45. ^ United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. "Blacklight Power, Inc. v. James E. Rogan".
  46. ^ US 6024935  Template:USpatent 6,024,935, granted February 15, 2000
  47. ^ UK-IPO decisions "O/114/08". and "O/076/08".
  48. ^ "Blacklight Power Inc v Comptroller-General of Patents [2008] EWHC 2763 (Pat); [2008] WLR (D) 360". 2008-11-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  49. ^ Gale R Peterson, Derrick A Pizarro, Practising Law Institute (2003). 2003 Federal Circuit Yearbook: Patent Law Developments in the Federal Circuit. Practising Law Institute. p. 1. ISBN 9780872244436.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  50. ^ Chris Morrison (2008-05-30). "Blacklight Power claims nearly-free energy from water — is this for real?". VentureBeat. US 7188033 , granted March 6, 2007. For US 6024935  see other references

External links

Advocacy

Critical

General media

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