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:{{otheruses|Wigwam (disambiguation)}}
[[Image:Wigwam (Chicago).jpg|thumb|200px|right|The Wigwam - 1860 Republican National Convention & 1864 Democratic National Convention Headquarters]]
[[Image:Wigwam (Chicago).jpg|thumb|200px|right|The Wigwam - 1860 Republican National Convention & 1864 Democratic National Convention Headquarters]]
The '''Wigwam''', which was located in [[Chicago]] at Lake Street and Market (later [[Wacker Drive]]) near the Chicago River, was the site of both the [[1860 Republican National Convention]] and the [[1864 Democratic National Convention]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/3391.html|accessdate=2007-03-28|date=2005|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|title=Wigwam, 1860|work=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago}}</ref> This had been the site of the [[Sauganash Hotel]], Chicago's first hotel.<ref name=CL>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofchicago.org/Landmarks/S/Sauganash.html|accessdate=March 28|accessdate=2007-03-28|publisher=City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division|title=Site of the Sauganash Hotel/Wigwam}}</ref> This is where the enthusiastic swell ushered [[Abraham Lincoln]] to the party nomination and eventual [[President of the United States|U. S. Presidency]]. The location at Lake and Wacker was designated a [[Chicago Landmark]] on [[November 6]], [[2002]].<ref name=CL> </ref>
The '''Wigwam''', which was located in [[Chicago]] at Lake Street and Market (later [[Wacker Drive]]) near the Chicago River, was the site of both the [[1860 Republican National Convention]] and the [[1864 Democratic National Convention]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/3391.html|accessdate=2007-03-28|date=2005|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|title=Wigwam, 1860|work=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago}}</ref> This had been the site of the [[Sauganash Hotel]], Chicago's first hotel.<ref name=CL>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofchicago.org/Landmarks/S/Sauganash.html|accessdate=March 28|accessdate=2007-03-28|publisher=City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division|title=Site of the Sauganash Hotel/Wigwam}}</ref> This is where the enthusiastic swell ushered [[Abraham Lincoln]] to the party nomination and eventual [[President of the United States|U. S. Presidency]]. The location at Lake and Wacker was designated a [[Chicago Landmark]] on [[November 6]], [[2002]].<ref name=CL> </ref>

Revision as of 21:09, 2 April 2007

The Wigwam - 1860 Republican National Convention & 1864 Democratic National Convention Headquarters

The Wigwam, which was located in Chicago at Lake Street and Market (later Wacker Drive) near the Chicago River, was the site of both the 1860 Republican National Convention and the 1864 Democratic National Convention.[1] This had been the site of the Sauganash Hotel, Chicago's first hotel.[2] This is where the enthusiastic swell ushered Abraham Lincoln to the party nomination and eventual U. S. Presidency. The location at Lake and Wacker was designated a Chicago Landmark on November 6, 2002.[2]

The building

The building could accommodate 10-12,000 people.[3][4] This 2-story Wigwam was built in little more than a month entirely of wood.[3][5] The building was built as a temporary structure by the Chicago business leaders.[6] It was built to attract the 1860 Convention.[7] The building served political and patriotic purposes during the Convention and the American Civil War.[3] It also served as a retail space until its demolition between 1867 and 1871.[3]

Following the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, a "Wigwam" at Washington (two blocks south of Lake) and Market served as the temporary home of the Chicago Board of Trade.[8]

Conventions

Wigwam interior, May 1860, during Nominating Convention

Chicago has hosted the most United States presidential nominating conventions (14 Republican National Conventions and 11 Democratic National Conventions, in addition to one notable Progressive Party assembly).[5] The 1860 Republican National Convention (the second Republican National Convention) and the 1864 Democratic National Convention were both held at at the Wigwam. These were the first Chicago visit for each party's national convention.[5] Baltimore has hosted 10 and Philadelphia has hosted 9.[5] 1868 Republican National Convention returned to Chicago, but it was located at the Crosby Opera House.[5] The 1892 Democratic National Convention convened in a temporary “Wigwam” in Lake Park for Grover Cleveland's third nomination.[5]

History

Sauganash Hotel

Mark Beaubien built Mark Beaubien's tavern in 1829-30.[9] In 1831, he added a frame to the log structure to create the Chicago's first hotel, the Sauganash Hotel,[9] on the east bank of the south branch of the Chicago River where the north and south branches meet.[2] There the newly-formed Town of Chicago elected its first town trustees in 1833.[2] The building briefly served as Chicago's first theater,[2] and it hosted the first Chicago Theatre company in 1837 in an abandoned dining room.[10] It was destroyed in a 1851 fire.[2] The Wigwam was built in its place nine years later.

Name

Antebellum custom was to call a political campaign headquarters a Wigwam.[3] Wigwam is also a Native American word for "temporary shelter".[4]

Notes

  1. ^ "Wigwam, 1860". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Site of the Sauganash Hotel/Wigwam". City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  3. ^ a b c d e Karamanski, Theodore J. (2005). "Wigwam". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  4. ^ a b "The Old Chicago Wigwam". Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project. 2002. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Sautter, R. Craig (2005). "Political Conventions". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved 2007-03-28. Cite error: The named reference "EOCPC" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  6. ^ Lupkin, Paula R. (2005). "Places of Assembly". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  7. ^ Moore, Anne (2005). "Tourism and Conventions". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved 2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  8. ^ "Early History". Chicago Board of Trade. 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-31.
  9. ^ a b Berger, Molly (2005). "Hotels". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  10. ^ Adler, Tony, Theater, p. 815-6, Eds. Grossman, James R., Keating, Ann Durkin, and Reiff, Janice L., 2004 The Encyclopedia of Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-31015-9
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