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65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade

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65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade
65th NOHED Brigade
23rd Airborne Special Forces Brigade (formerly)
Coat of arms
Active1959–present
Allegiance Imperial State of Iran (1959–1979)
Iran Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–present)
BranchImperial Army of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran Army
TypeAirborne forces
Special forces
RoleSpecial operations
Irregular warfare
Hostage rescue
Counter-terrorism
Reconnaissance
Wartime operations
SizeBrigade
Part of23rd Commando Division (?–1991)
Garrison/HQBaghshah (formerly)
Afsariyeh
Mehrabad International Airport
Nickname(s)"Green Berets" (کلاه سبزها)
ColorsGreen
March18 April (National Army Day)
EngagementsDhofar Rebellion
Post-Revolution clashes in Iran
Iran–Iraq War
Syrian Civil War
Commanders
Current
commander		Amir Khosro Khosravi
Aircraft flown
Multirole helicopterBell 214
Bell UH-1N Twin Huey (Bell 212)
TransportLockheed C-130 Hercules
Boeing CH-47 Chinook

65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade (Template:Lang-fa), or the 65th NOHED Brigade (تیپ ۶۵ نوهد), is an Iranian Army Special Forces unit. Formerly being called 23rd Airborne Special Forces Brigade, it was established in 1959 and was expanded to 23rd Commando Division for some time during Iran–Iraq War.

Formation

File:اعضای تیپ ۶۵ نوهد در کنار تیپ ۵۵ هوابرد شیراز.jpg
Group photograph of members of the 65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade together with members of the 55th Airborne Brigade of Shiraz

In 1953, 10 Imperial Iranian Army officers were sent to France for parachuting training. After returning to Iran, they established the Parachute Unit (واحد چتربازی) in 1955, which was evolved into the Parachute Battalion (گردان چتربازی) in 1959. In the same year, the 23rd Special Forces Brigade (تیپ ۲۳ نیروهای ویژه) was established, consisted of 5 operational battalions, one support battalion, one communication platoon, one base company, and an unconventional warfare school. In 1970, the unit renamed to 23rd Airborne Special Forces Brigade (تیپ ۲۳ نیروهای ویژه هوابرد). A year later, a hostage rescue unit and a mental warfare company were added to the structure of the brigade. The establishment of the brigade was under supervision of American advisors from John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center & School. The legacy is still evident in the brigade’s green berets and qualification badge, which is nearly identical to the US Army Special Forces’ De oppresso liber unit insignia. [1]

After the 1979 Revolution, the brigade turned into the 23rd Division (لشکر ۲۳), also known as the 23rd Commando Division (لشکر ۲۳ تکاور). In 1991, the 3rd Brigade was separated from the division and the 65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade (تیپ ۶۵ نیروهای ویژه هوابرد), or the 65th NOHED Brigade (تیپ ۶۵ نوهد) was formed with Afsariyeh as its headquarters.[2] [3] It is sometimes simply called NOHED Brigade (تیپ نوهد). The word NOHED (نوهد), also transliterated as NOWHED,[4] is the Persian acronym for Nīrūhāye Vīzheye Havābord (نیروهای ویژه هوابرد), meaning "Airborne Special Forces".

After the Nojeh coup plot in 1980 which was planned to be done using the NOHED unit, then-Parliament-member Hassan Rouhani called for disbanding the unit in the parliament, saying that "they are dangerous". Defense minister Mostafa Chamran strongly opposed.[5]

Operational history

During the Dhofar Rebellion in Oman, the unit, which was being called 23rd Airborne Special Forces Brigade, was one of the Iranian units participated in the war. It was stationed at the Mantson Dhofar military base in Oman.[6]

The brigade is reported to be involved in the Vietnam War as well, but this has not been officially confirmed. According to Brig. Gen. Alireza Sanjabi, most of the training of the brigade was conducted through joint operations with the British SAS. According to an Al-Monitor article, he shared a story before his death about him operating as a sniper in the war.[6]

After the 1979 Revolution, the brigade participated in various clashes in provinces of Khuzestan, Sistan-o-Baluchestan (fighting drug trafficking and terrorism), and Kordestan (fighting PJAK and Komalah).

File:جنگ ایران و عراق نوهد کردستان.jpg
Soldiers belonging to the NOHED unit with a machine gun in Kordestan front during Iran-Iraq War

When Iraq invaded Iran, the brigade, which was 23rd Airborne Special Forces Brigade back then and later turned into 23rd Division, was stationed in southern and north western regions. They participated in various operations, including Breaking of the Siege of Abadan, Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas, Operation Karbala-5, and Operation Qader. The brigade was active in strategic mountains of Dopaza and Laklak in Sardasht, which Iraq, despite conducting chemical attacks in the area, never managed to capture the area during the eight-year war. Some personnel of the brigade were involved in special operations under direct command of Defense Minister Mostafa Chamran, who founded the Irregular Warfare Headquarters.[7]

In the 1990s, there was a mock military operation in Tehran, planned by Army's commander Ali Sayyad Shirazi, where two battalions from the 65th Brigade were asked to infiltrate and take hold of specific important military and political centers in the capital city. The mission was accomplished in less than two hours. Ever since, the unit's members have been known as the “Powerful Ghosts".[6][7]

Jane's Sentinel Security Assessments reported that the 23rd Special Forces Division is amongst the most professional formations in the Iranian Army, with 5,000 personnel, all of whom are believed to be regulars.

There have been unconfirmed reports of members of the 65th Brigade conducting reconnaissance operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.[6]

On April 4, 2016, it was announced that the 65th Brigade is already in Syria to support the government in regards to the Syrian Civil War, where two have been reportedly killed in action against al-Nusra: Second Lieutenant Mohsen Ghitaslou and Second Lieutenant Mojtaba Yadollahi Monfared.[8][9] Jerusalem Post, citing unofficial Syrian sources, reported that as of 13 April 2016 the unit has lost 30 soldiers during operations in Syria,[10] but this is not confirmed.

Training

One of the training camps is located in jungles of Kelardasht, in which jungle warfare is trained during spring. The winter training camp is in Emamzadeh Hashem, in which there is a ski resort dedicated to the brigade, used for training snow warfare.[11] The summer camp is located at Karaj Dam. Another camp is located in the desert of Qom, in which desert warfare is trained.

Hostage Rescue Unit

The Hostage Rescue Unit of the 65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade, training a hostage rescue mission

The Hostage Rescue Unit is one of the units of the brigade, which has its own base in Mehrabad International Airport. It is also known as Unit-110. According to the brigade commander Khosravi, the hostage rescue forces of the brigade are "our most elite forces". This unit cooperates with security organizations.[3]

The unit has a special insignia.

Equipment and insignia

They are recognizable due to their use of safariflage DPM pattern camouflage. They wear a tactical vest and a green beret. The patch of the 65th is a dagger and golden wing superimposed over a green parachute with an Achaemenid-style shield on its background and is located on the left shoulder. The MPT-9S (Iranian-built collapsible stock variant of MP5) is their standard weapon, replacing the older Uzi.[12]

The Crystal Simorgh-winning movie Kani-Manga (کانی مانگا), directed by Seyfollah Dad in 1987, and the movie Green Lions (شیران سبز) are both inspired by real world operations conducted by the 65th Brigade during the Iran-Iraq war.[7]

References

  1. ^ http://www.offiziere.ch/?p=27077
  2. ^ "ورود سلاح‌های جدید تک‌تیرانداز و جلیقه ضدگلوله ایرانی به سازمان رزم تکاوران ارتش". mashreghnews.ir.
  3. ^ a b "چریک،نیروی خستگی ناپذیر ولایت". sajed.ir. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  4. ^ Persian pronunciation: [noʊ̯ˈhed]
  5. ^ روحانی: تیپ "نوهد" خطرناک است آن را منحل کنید/ چمران: آیا تیپی را که بهترین رزمندگان ما هستند منحل کنیم؟!. dolatebahar.com (in Persian). 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/04/iran-army-brigade-65-green-berets-syria-deployment.html
  7. ^ a b c http://www.hamandishi.ir/news/242426/
  8. ^ http://www.fardanews.com/fa/news/510406/چرا-کلاه-سبزهای-ارتش-در-سوریه-شهید-دادند
  9. ^ Iranian commandos deployed to Syria as advisers Reuters
  10. ^ http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Iran-News/Irans-Special-Forces-reportedly-suffering-heavy-losses-in-Syria-451090
  11. ^ Editors (April 30, 2016). "Which forces IRGC deployed in Syria?". Islamic World Update. Retrieved 2016-12-14. The winter training camp is in Emamzadeh Hashem, in which there is a ski resort dedicated to the brigade, used for training snow warfare. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  12. ^ http://thearkenstone.blogspot.co.nz/2009/12/identifying-units-of-iranian-armed.html

Media related to 65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade at Wikimedia Commons

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