Rassvet (ISS module)

*Rassvet*
	Rassvet as seen from the Cupola module during STS-132 with a Progress in the lower right
Module statistics
COSPAR ID	2010-079A
Launch date	14 May 2010, 18:20:09 UTC
Launch vehicle	Space Shuttle Atlantis
Docked	18 May 2010
Mass	Empty: 5,075 kg; Launch: 8,015 kg
Length	6 m
Diameter	2.35 m
Pressurised volume	Total: 17.4 m3; Pressurised: 5.85m3

Rassvet (Template:Lang-ru; lit. "first light"), also known as the Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1) (Template:Lang-ru, МИМ 1) and formerly known as the Docking Cargo Module (DCM), is a component of the International Space Station (ISS). The module's design is similar to the Mir Docking Module launched on STS-74 in 1995. Rassvet is primarily used for cargo storage and as a docking port for visiting spacecraft. It was flown to the ISS aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-132 mission on 14 May 2010,^[2] and was connected to the ISS on 18 May 2010.^[3] The hatch connecting Rassvet with the ISS was first opened on 20 May 2010.^[4] On 28 June 2010, the Soyuz TMA-19 spacecraft performed the first docking with the module.^[5]

Details

Rassvet was docked to the nadir port of Zarya with help from the Canadarm2.^[6] Rassvet carried externally attached outfitting equipment from NASA for the Nauka Multipurpose Laboratory Module (MLM), a spare elbow joint for the European Robotic Arm, Nauka's experiment airlock for launching cubesats, and a radiator. Delivering Rassvet thus enabled NASA to fulfill its promise to ship 1.4 metric tons to equip the MLM.^[7]

Rassvet has two docking units: one to attach to the nadir port of the Zarya module, and one to provide a docking port for a Soyuz or Progress spacecraft. It implements the role of the Docking and Storage Module from the original ISS design. Russia announced the cancellation of the last of the two planned Russian Research Modules when it announced the plans for Rassvet.

Initial planning

The initial ISS plan included a Docking and Storage Module (DSM). This planned Russian element was intended to provide facilities for stowage and an additional docking port, and would have been launched to the station on a Proton launch vehicle. The DSM would have been mounted to Zarya's nadir (Earth-facing) docking port. It would have been similar in size and shape to the Zarya module.

The DSM was cancelled due to Russian budgetary constraints for some time, but its design was eventually modified into the Docking and Cargo Module (Rassvet) that was to be connected to the same Zarya location to provide storage space and a docking port. During the cancellation period, it was proposed that a Multi Purpose Module (MPM) called Enterprise should be docked to Zarya, and later the Multipurpose Laboratory Module (MLM) was proposed to be located there as well, but the Enterprise module has since been cancelled and the MLM will be docked to Zvezda's nadir port instead.

Purpose

Rassvet was designed as a solution to two problems facing the ISS partners:

NASA was under contract to carry the MLM outfitting equipment into space.^{[citation needed]}
The overlapping missions of the Progress, Soyuz, and ATV spacecraft highlighted the need to have four Russian docking ports available on the ISS. The cancellation of both Russian Research Modules meant that the ISS would be left with just three such docking ports after the installation of the Permanent Multipurpose Module in 2011, which made the nadir port of Zarya unusable.^{[citation needed]}

Rassvet solved both of these issues. NASA did not need to add another payload flight to accommodate the MLM outfitting equipment, as it could attach the hardware to the exterior of MRM-1. The ISS now had four docking ports available on the Russian segment: the aft port of Zvezda, the port of Pirs, later MLM (on the nadir port of Zvezda), the port of MRM-2 (on the zenith port of Zvezda), and the port on MRM-1 (on the nadir port of Zarya). Russia's cancellation of the Research Module thus came to be of less consequence for the ISS program as a whole.

Design and construction

The module was designed and built by S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, from the already-made pressurized hull of the mock-up for dynamic tests of the cancelled Science Power Platform.^[8]^[9]

On 17 December 2009, an Antonov An-124 carrying the Rassvet Module and ground process equipment arrived at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.^[10] Upon unloading, the equipment was delivered to a prelaunch processing facility run by the Astrotech. Energia specialists and technicians continued their work on the processing of the Rassvet module at the facility, completing stand-alone electrical tests and leak tests of the module and the airlock. They also prepared the airlock and the radiative heat exchanger for installation onto Rassvet. The module was moved to NASA's Space Station Processing Facility on 2 April 2010. After completing the final touches, it was placed into the shuttle payload transporter on 5 April 2010. The payload canister containing the Rassvet Module arrived at LC-39A on 15 April 2010.^[11]

Engineers at Launch Pad 39A preparing Space Shuttle Atlantis had noticed paint peeling from the MRM-1 module. Although the problem was declared to have no impact on the operation of Rassvet, it posed a potential threat of releasing debris on orbit.^[12]

Visited spacecraft

Rassvet was connected to nadir port of Zarya on 18 May 2010.^[3]

Patch	Spacecraft	Docking	Undocking
File:Soyuz-TMA-19-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-19	28 June 2010 03:38 UTC	26 November 2010 01:23 UTC
File:Soyuz-TMA-20-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-20	17 December 2010 20:12 UTC	23 May 2011 21:35 UTC
File:Soyuz-TMA-02M-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-02M	9 June 2011 21:18 UTC	21 November 2011 23:00 UTC
File:Soyuz-TMA-03M-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-03M	23 December 2011 15:19 UTC	1 July 2012 04:48 UTC
File:Soyuz-TMA-05M-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-05M	17 July 2012 04:51 UTC	18 November 2012 22:26 UTC
File:Soyuz-TMA-07M-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-07M	21 December 2012 14:09 UTC	13 May 2013 23:08 UTC
File:Soyuz-TMA-09M-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-09M	29 May 2013 02:10 UTC	10 November 2013 23:26 UTC
File:Soyuz-TMA-11M-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-11M	7 November 2013 10:27 UTC	13 May 2014 22:36 UTC
File:Soyuz-TMA-13M-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-13M	29 May 2014 19:57 UTC	10 November 2014 00:31 UTC
File:Soyuz-TMA-15M-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-15M	23 November 2014 01:01 UTC	11 June 2015 10:20 UTC
File:Soyuz-TMA-17M-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-17M	23 July 2015 02:45 UTC	11 December 2015 09:49 UTC
File:Soyuz-TMA-19M-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz TMA-19M	15 December 2015 17:33 UTC	18 June 2016 05:52 UTC
File:Soyuz-MS-01-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz MS-01	9 July 2016 04:12 UTC^[13]	30 October 2016 03:58 UTC^[14]
File:Soyuz-MS-03-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz MS-03	19 November 2016 21:58 UTC	2 June 2017 10:47 UTC
File:Soyuz-MS-05-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz MS-05	28 July 2017 21:54 UTC^[15]	14 December 2017 05:14 UTC^[15]
File:Soyuz-MS-07-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz MS-07	19 December 2017 08:39 UTC	3 June 2018 09:16 UTC
File:Soyuz-MS-09-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz MS-09	8 June 2018 13:01 UTC	20 December 2018 01:42 UTC
File:Soyuz-MS-12-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz MS-12	15 March 2019 01:01 UTC	03 October 2019 07:37 UTC
File:Soyuz-MS-17-Mission-Patch.png	Soyuz MS-17	14 October 2020 08:48 UTC	TBC

Gallery

MRM-1 at the Astrotech Facility

References

^ "Space Shuttle Mission STS 132 PRESS KIT" (PDF). NASA. May 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2010. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Gebhardt, Chris (9 April 2009). "STS-132: PRCB baselines Atlantis' mission to deliver Russia's MRM-1". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 12 November 2009.
^ ^a ^b "STS-132 MCC Status Report #09". NASA. 18 May 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "STS-132 MCC Status Report #13". NASA. 20 May 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Ray, Justin (28 June 2010). "Station Crew Takes Soyuz for 'Spin around the Block'". SpaceFlight Now. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
^ "MRM-1 for ISS". NASASpaceFlight.com. 11 April 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
^ "NASA Extends Contract With Russia's Federal Space Agency". NASA. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ NASA оплатило полёты своих астронавтов до 2011 года Novosti Kosmonavtiki №2007/6
^ Justin Ray (25 March 2010). "Russian space module set for American launch aboard the shuttle Atlantis". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
^ "Mini-Research Module MRM1 At Cape For Shuttle Processing". 30 December 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
^ Ray, Justin (15 April 2010). "Russian space station module shipped to NASA's space shuttle launch pad". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
^ Bergin, Chris (28 April 2010). "STS-132: Managers Work through SSP FRR – Will Slip Launch Date If Required". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
^ "Next Station Crew Arrives at Launch Site – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "Soyuz MS crew return". Roscosmos. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b Richardson, Derek (28 July 2017). "ISS crew size increases to 6 with Soyuz MS-05 docking". Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved 29 July 2017.

External links

[1] "Space Shuttle Mission STS 132 PRESS KIT" (PDF). NASA. May 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2010. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[2] Gebhardt, Chris (9 April 2009). "STS-132: PRCB baselines Atlantis' mission to deliver Russia's MRM-1". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 12 November 2009.

[connect-3] "STS-132 MCC Status Report #09". NASA. 18 May 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[4] "STS-132 MCC Status Report #13". NASA. 20 May 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[5] Ray, Justin (28 June 2010). "Station Crew Takes Soyuz for 'Spin around the Block'". SpaceFlight Now. Retrieved 7 July 2010.

[6] "MRM-1 for ISS". NASASpaceFlight.com. 11 April 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2012.

[7] "NASA Extends Contract With Russia's Federal Space Agency". NASA. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[8] NASA оплатило полёты своих астронавтов до 2011 года Novosti Kosmonavtiki №2007/6

[9] Justin Ray (25 March 2010). "Russian space module set for American launch aboard the shuttle Atlantis". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 31 March 2010.

[10] "Mini-Research Module MRM1 At Cape For Shuttle Processing". 30 December 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2010.

[11] Ray, Justin (15 April 2010). "Russian space station module shipped to NASA's space shuttle launch pad". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 25 April 2010.

[12] Bergin, Chris (28 April 2010). "STS-132: Managers Work through SSP FRR – Will Slip Launch Date If Required". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 29 April 2010.

[13] "Next Station Crew Arrives at Launch Site – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[return-14] "Soyuz MS crew return". Roscosmos. Retrieved 30 October 2016.

[sfi-20170728-15] Richardson, Derek (28 July 2017). "ISS crew size increases to 6 with Soyuz MS-05 docking". Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved 29 July 2017.

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v t e ← 2009 Orbital launches in 2010 2011 →
January	Compass-G1 Globus-1M No.12L
February	Progress M-04M STS-130 (Tranquility, Cupola) SDO Intelsat 16
March	Kosmos 2459 / GLONASS-M 731, Kosmos 2460 / GLONASS-M 732, Kosmos 2461 / GLONASS-M 735 GOES-15 / EWS-G2 Yaogan 9A, Yaogan 9B, Yaogan 9C EchoStar XIV
April	Soyuz TMA-18 STS-131 (Leonardo MPLM) CryoSat-2 GSAT-4 Kosmos 2462 USA-212 SES-1 Kosmos 2463 Progress M-05M
May	STS-132 (Rassvet, ICC-VLD) Akatsuki, IKAROS (DCAM-1, DCAM-2), Shin'en, Waseda-SAT2, Hayato, Negai ☆'' Astra 3B, COMSATBw-2 USA-213
June	SERVIS-2 Compass-G3 Badr-5 Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit STSAT-2B Shijian XII Prisma, Picard, BPA-1 Soyuz TMA-19 TanDEM-X Ofek-9 Arabsat-5A, Chollian Progress M-06M
July	EchoStar XV Cartosat-2B, AlSat-2A, StudSat, AISSat-1, TIsat-1 Compass-IGSO1
August	Nilesat 201, RASCOM-QAF 1R Yaogan 10 USA-214 Tian Hui 1
September	Kosmos 2464, Kosmos 2465, Kosmos 2466 Chinasat-6A Gonets-M No.2, Kosmos 2467, Kosmos 2468 Progress M-07M Michibiki USA-215 Yaogan 11, Zheda Pixing 1B, Zheda Pixing 1C USA-216 Kosmos 2469
October	Chang'e 2 Shijian 6G, Shijian 6H Soyuz TMA-01M XM-5 Globalstar 73, Globalstar 74, Globalstar 75, Globalstar 76, Globalstar 77, Globalstar 79 Progress M-08M Eutelsat W3B, BSat 3B Compass-G4
November	Meridian 3 Fengyun 3B COSMO-4 SkyTerra-1 STPSat-2, USA-220 / FASTSAT (NanoSail-D2), USA-221 / FalconSat-5, USA-222 / FASTRAC-1, USA-222 / FASTRAC-2, USA-218 / RAX, USA-219 / O/OREOS USA-223 / Orion 7 Chinasat 20A Intelsat 17, HYLAS-1
December	Glonass-M No.39, Glonass-M No.40, Glonass-M No.41 SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 1, Mayflower, SMDC-ONE 1, QbX-1, QbX-2, Perseus 000, Perseus 001, Perseus 002, Perseus 003 Soyuz TMA-20 Compass-IGSO2 GSAT-5P KA-SAT
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).