The Heiress

This article is about the film. For the play, see The Heiress (1947 play). For other uses, see Heiress.

The Heiress
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	William Wyler
Screenplay by	Ruth and Augustus Goetz
Based on	The Heiress by Ruth and Augustus Goetz
Produced by	William Wyler
Starring	Olivia de Havilland Montgomery Clift Ralph Richardson
Cinematography	Leo Tover
Edited by	William Hornbeck
Music by	Aaron Copland
Color process	Black and white
Production company	Paramount Pictures
Distributed by	Paramount Pictures
Release date	October 6, 1949 (1949-10-06)
Running time	115 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$2.6 million
Box office	$2.3 million (US rentals)

The Heiress is a 1949 American film produced and directed by William Wyler and starring Olivia de Havilland as Catherine Sloper, Montgomery Clift as Morris Townsend, and Ralph Richardson as Dr. Sloper. Written by Ruth and Augustus Goetz, adapted from their 1947 play The Heiress. The play was suggested by the 1880 novel Washington Square by Henry James. The film is about a young naive woman [de Havilland] who falls in love with a handsome young man, [Clift] despite the objections of her emotionally abusive father who suspects the man of being a fortune hunter.

In 1996, The Heiress was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Plot

In 1850's New York City, Catherine Sloper (Olivia de Havilland) is a plain, painfully shy woman whose exacting and emotionally detached father, physician Austin Sloper (Ralph Richardson), makes no secret of his disappointment in her. Catherine, as her father painfully reminds her, has limited talent and cannot "hold a candle" to her deceased mother. Sloper is terribly bitter about losing his charming and beautiful wife, whom he feels fate replaced with a simple and unalluring daughter. However, Catherine is devoted to her father and too innocent to fully comprehend his mistreatment or its reasons. Catherine enjoys quiet pursuits, such as caring for her father and embroidery, and seldom ventures out socially.

Catherine's gregarious Aunt Lavinia Penniman (Miriam Hopkins) moves into the household after becoming widowed and attempts to prod Catherine into being more social and find a husband. When she meets the handsome Morris Townsend (Montgomery Clift) at a ball, Catherine is taken by the attention he lavishes upon her, attention she's never received before and desperately wanted. At first uncomprehending and reluctant to accept his advances, she flourishes under his affections. Catherine falls madly in love with Morris, and they plan to marry.

Catherine is of age, receiving $10,000 a year from her mother's estate, and is expected to receive an additional $20,000 per year on top of this after her father's passing. Dr. Sloper believes Morris, being far more attractive and charming than Catherine, but poor and with few prospects after he wasted his own inheritance, is an idler courting Catherine only to get her sizable income. Aunt Lavinia favors the match regardless, being both romantic and pragmatic enough to view this as Catherine's chance at a happy married life. Morris is genuinely fond of Catherine's honesty and kindness, despite his largely monetary motivations, and treats her with respect, unlike her father.

A frank discussion with Morris's sister confirms Dr. Sloper's opinion of Morris as a gold digger. The doctor tells the young couple he believes Morris is attempting to dupe plain and gullible Catherine. The doctor takes his daughter to Europe for an extended time to separate them. Still, she cannot forget her betrothed, especially since he frequents the house to visit Aunt Lavinia in their absence, who enables the two to keep in contact. When they return to New York, Dr. Sloper threatens to disinherit his daughter if she marries Morris, and they have a bitter argument in which the doctor makes his disdain and distaste for her abundantly clear. She finally realizes how poorly he really views her.

Catherine and Morris make plans to elope with the help of Aunt Lavinia. Catherine tells Morris that, even if her father didn't disinherit her, she never wants to see him again and she would refuse his money. According to their plan, Catherine eagerly packs her bags and waits for Morris to come and take her away to happiness. She is impatient to cut off all contact with her father and desperate to prove him and Aunt Lavinia incorrect: someone does love her, not her money, and she has not been stupid to think so. Her confidence is shaken when Lavinia tells Catherine she shouldn't have let Morris know she was rejecting her inheritance. Catherine waits all night, but he never comes. She drags her luggage back upstairs and puts her belongings away.

Catherine is heartbroken and grows cold, now painfully aware of her father's opinion of her, but trapped caring for him nonetheless. Soon afterward, Dr. Sloper reveals he is dying. He tells Catherine that he is proud she resisted Morris but Catherine vengefully tells her father she still loves Morris and dares him to change his will if he is afraid they will waste his money after he dies. He does not alter the will and dies, fretful, leaving her his entire estate. Catherine refuses to see him on his death bed.

A few years later, Catherine has a visit from her cousin and she is a different person; wearing fashionable clothes, easy in her manner and quite handsome, now that her face is no longer a mask of tension and sadness. Morris returns from California, poorer, having made nothing of himself, and having even fewer prospects for his efforts. Aunt Lavinia arranges for Morris to visit Catherine. He finds Catherine wealthy and unmarried and is more attracted to her than before. He claims that he only left her behind because he could not bear to see her disinherited by her father and is quick to proclaim his love for her and his desire for her affections. Aunt Lavinia is thrilled for her niece, thinking this is Catherine's last chance. Catherine ignites Morris's hopes when she requests that he recreate their previous plan to elope. She gives Morris a gift of ruby buttons that she had bought for him in Paris. Morris eagerly promises to come back for her that night, and she tells him she will start packing her bags. As she goes upstairs, Morris greedily surveys the house he believes will be his new home.

After Morris leaves, Catherine informs her aunt that she does not believe his renewed protestations of love and that she has no intention of offering her love to him. Her aunt asks her if she can be so cruel, and Catherine coldly responds, "Yes, I can be very cruel. I have been taught by masters." When Morris arrives later that night with the promised carriage and rings the bell, Catherine calmly orders the maid to bolt the door, leaving Morris locked outside, shouting her name and repeatedly banging on the locked door. The film fades out with Catherine silently ascending the stairs with a faint smile of triumph while Morris' despairing cries echo unanswered in the darkness.

Cast

• Olivia de Havilland as Catherine Sloper
• Montgomery Clift as Morris Townsend
• Ralph Richardson as Dr. Austin Sloper
• Miriam Hopkins as Lavinia Penniman
• Vanessa Brown as Maria
• Betty Linley as Mrs. Montgomery
• Ray Collins as Jefferson Almond
• Mona Freeman as Marian Almond
• Selena Royle as Elizabeth Almond
• Paul Lees as Arthur Townsend
• Harry Antrim as Mr. Abeel
• Russ Conway as Quintus
• David Thursby as Geier

Production

After seeing The Heiress on Broadway, Olivia de Havilland approached William Wyler about directing her in a screen adaptation of the play. He agreed and encouraged Paramount Pictures executives to purchase the rights from the playwrights (Ruth and Augustus Goetz) for $250,000 and offer them $10,000 per week to write the screenplay. The couple were asked to make Morris less of a villain than he was in their play and the original novel in deference to the studio's desire to capitalize on Montgomery Clift's reputation as a romantic leading man.

The film premiered at Radio City Music Hall in New York City on October 6, 1949.

Ralph Richardson would later reprise the role of Austin Sloper in a London production of the play.

Reception

The Heiress received universal critical acclaim and won four Academy Awards.

Bosley Crowther, in his review for The New York Times, wrote that the film "crackles with allusive life and fire in its tender and agonized telling of an extraordinarily characterful tale" and added, "Mr. Wyler [...] has given this somewhat austere drama an absorbing intimacy and a warming illusion of nearness that it did not have on the stage. He has brought the full-bodied people very closely and vividly to view, while maintaining the clarity and sharpness of their personalities, their emotions and their styles [...] The Heiress is one of the handsome, intense and adult dramas of the year."

The Brooklyn Eagle found the film "an intensely satisfying drama that holds a high level of interest throughout, building relentlessly to a moving climax." Praise for the principals lauded de Havilland especially: "the transformation of Catherine Sloper from a pathetically shy girl to a cold, handsome woman" being "handled with finished skill."

The Philadelphia Inquirer praised the Goetzes for a skillful transformation of their stage version, finding it "in almost every way...superior." Prospects of an Academy Award for de Havilland were judged "thoroughly reasonable" as well.

TV Guide rates the film five out of a possible five stars and adds, "This powerful and compelling drama ... owes its triumph to the deft hand of director William Wyler and a remarkable lead performance by Olivia de Havilland.

Time Out London calls the film "typically plush, painstaking and cold.... highly professional and heartless."

Channel 4 says of the performances, "de Havilland's portrayal ... is spine-chilling ... Clift brings a subtle ambiguity to one of his least interesting roles, and Richardson is also excellent."

In popular culture

In 1975, the twenty-first episode of the eighth season of The Carol Burnett Show featured a take-off of the film called "The Lady Heir", with Carol Burnett as Catherine and Roddy McDowell as Morris.

The film's Philippine adaptation, titled Ikaw Pa Lang ang Minahal, was made in 1992. The adaptation was written by Raquel Villavicencio, produced by Armida Siguion-Reyna, and directed by Carlos Siguion-Reyna. The film stars Maricel Soriano and Richard Gomez as Adela and David.

Awards and nominations

Award	Category	Nominee(s)	Result
Academy Awards	Best Motion Picture	William Wyler (for Paramount Pictures)	Nominated
	Best Director	William Wyler	Nominated
	Best Actress	Olivia de Havilland	Won
	Best Supporting Actor	Ralph Richardson	Nominated
	Best Art Direction-Set Decoration – Black-and-White	John Meehan, Harry Horner and Emile Kuri	Won
	Best Cinematography – Black-and-White	Leo Tover	Nominated
	Best Costume Design – Black and White	Edith Head and Gile Steele	Won
	Best Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture	Aaron Copland	Won
Golden Globe Awards	Best Actress in a Motion Picture	Olivia de Havilland	Won
	Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture	Miriam Hopkins	Nominated
	Best Director – Motion Picture	William Wyler	Nominated
National Board of Review Awards	Top Ten Films	The Heiress	Won
	Best Actor	Ralph Richardson (also for The Fallen Idol)	Won
National Film Preservation Board	National Film Registry	The Heiress	Inducted
New York Film Critics Circle Awards	Best Actor	Ralph Richardson	Nominated
	Best Actress	Olivia de Havilland	Won
Writers Guild of America Awards	Best Written American Drama	Ruth Goetz and August Goetz	Nominated

See also

• Gothic romance film

External links

• The Heiress at IMDb
• The Heiress at the TCM Movie Database
• The Heiress at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Heiress at AllMovie
• The Heiress at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
• The Heiress: A Cruel Inheritance an essay by Pamela Hutchinson at the Criterion Collection
• The Heiress essay by Daniel Eagan in America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry, A&C Black, 2010 ISBN 0826429777, pages 426-427 [1]