Duke of Teck
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Duke of Teck is a title which was created twice in Germanic lands. It was first borne from 1187 to 1439 by the head of a cadet line of the German ducal House of Zähringen, known as the "first House of Teck". The caput of his territory was Teck Castle in the Duchy of Swabia (from 1512 part of the County of Württemberg).
The title was recreated in 1871 by King Karl I of Württemberg for his cousin Francis, who as the product of a morganatic marriage had lost all his right to titles of nobility as a member of the House of Württemberg and whose descendants settled in the United Kingdom and married into the British Royal Family.
The First House of Teck
Adalbert I, son of Duke Conrad I of Zähringen, inherited his father's Swabian possessions around Teck Castle between Kirchheim and Owen. After the death of his brother Duke Berthold IV in 1186, Adalbert adopted the title of "Duke of Teck". His descendant Duke Conrad II upon the death of King Rudolph I of Germany in 1291 even became a candidate for the election as King of the Romans, but probably was slain by his opponent Siegfried of Westerburg, Archbishop of Cologne, the next year.
In the 13th century, the family divided into the lines of Teck-Oberndorf and Teck-Owen. The Dukes of Teck-Oberndorf died out in 1363 and Frederick of Teck-Owen sold their possessions to the Counts of Hohenberg. In 1365, the Dukes of Teck-Owen came into the possession of Mindelheim but had to sell their lands around the castle Teck to the Counts of Württemberg in 1381. The last member of that line, Louis of Teck, Patriarch of Aquileia from 1412, died in 1439.
In 1495 Emperor Maximilian I elevated Count Eberhard von Württemberg to the status of reigning Duke (Herzog) of Württemberg, also granting him the defunct title, "Duke of Teck". However, the title was not borne independently by any member or branch of that dynasty. Eventually, in 1806, the dignity was renounced by Duke Frederick upon his elevation as king.[1]
The Württemberg cadet branch
Duke Alexander of Württemberg (1804–1885), an Austrian major-general and cadet of the dynasty that had become kings of Württemberg in 1805, re-established a non-dynastic line of Dukes of Teck by his 1835 morganatic marriage with the Hungarian noblewoman Countess Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde (1812–1841). Their son, excluded from succession to the throne of Württemberg, was born Count Francis von Hohenstein (1837–1900), sharing the title his mother was granted by Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria on 16 May 1835, two weeks after the couple married in Vienna.[2]
In 1863, King Wilhelm I of Württemberg raised Francis in rank to "Prince (Fürst) of Teck" with the style Serene Highness (Durchlaucht), heritable by all his male-line descendants. In 1866 Francis married Princess Mary of Cambridge, a member of the British Royal Family and granddaughter of King George III. As the couple had to live on Mary's Parliamentary annuity, the Prince having inherited little income, they lived mostly in England, first at Kensington Palace where their children were born, later at Royal Lodge in Surrey,[2] both residences lent them by Queen Victoria. In 1871, King Karl I of Württemberg granted Francis the new (and, within the German nobility, higher) title "Duke (Herzog) of Teck",[3] heritable by male-line primogeniture. In 1887, Queen Victoria granted the Duke of Teck the British style of His Highness[2] on a non-hereditary basis.
In 1893, Francis' daughter, Princess Victoria Mary of Teck, married Prince George, Duke of York, who later reigned as King George V.[3] When the first Duke of Teck died in 1900, the dukedom passed to his eldest son, HSH Prince Adolphus of Teck. King George V granted the second Duke of Teck, his brother-in-law, the personal style of His Highness in 1911.
The title existed until the First World War, when anti-German sentiment in the United Kingdom prompted the British monarch to adopt a non-German surname and relinquish all German titles on behalf of himself and those of his family members domiciled in his realms, including the Tecks.[3] The Duke of Teck thus renounced, in July 1917, his German titles of prince and duke in the Kingdom of Württemberg, as well as the styles of Highness and Serene Highness. Adolphus, along with his brother, Prince Alexander of Teck, assumed the name "Cambridge", which had been borne as his territorial designation by their maternal grandfather, Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge. This renunciation was a domestic British matter that did not affect the families' legal privileges and immunities in Wurtemberg,[dubious – discuss] although these disappeared anyway with the general abolition of all such titles in 1919 under the new Weimar government.
On 16 July 1917, Francis's eldest son, Adolphus, was created Marquess of Cambridge, Earl of Eltham, and Viscount Northallerton in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[3] His elder son took the courtesy title, Earl of Eltham. His younger children became "Lord/Lady (Christian Name) Cambridge", as children of a marquess. Adolphus's younger brother Prince Alexander of Teck, who had married Princess Alice of Albany in 1904, was simultaneously created Earl of Athlone. Their son Prince Rupert of Teck (1907–1928), who also took the surname of Cambridge and became Viscount Trematon,[3] was one of the descendants of Queen Victoria who suffered from haemophilia, along with the crown princes Alexei of Russia and Alfonso of Spain.
The last male-line descendant of the first Duke of Teck was George Cambridge, 2nd Marquess of Cambridge, the son of Adolphus, 2nd Duke of Teck. He died in 1981. The title and the marquessate of Cambridge are now extinct.
Members
- Princess Claudine of Teck (1836–1894)
- Prince Francis, Duke of Teck (1837–1900) m. Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge
- Princess Mary of Teck (1867–1953) m. George V of the United Kingdom
- Prince Adolphus, Duke of Teck, later Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge (1868–1927) m. Lady Margaret Grosvenor
- Prince George of Teck, later George Cambridge, 2nd Marquess of Cambridge (1895–1981) m. Dorothy Hastings
- Lady Mary Cambridge (1924–1999) m. Peter Whitley
- Princess Mary of Teck, later Lady Mary Cambridge (1897–1987) m. Henry Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort
- Princess Helena of Teck, later Lady Helena Cambridge (1899–1969) m. Colonel John Evelyn Gibbs
- Prince Frederick of Teck, later Lord Frederick Cambridge (1907–1940)
- Prince George of Teck, later George Cambridge, 2nd Marquess of Cambridge (1895–1981) m. Dorothy Hastings
- Prince Francis of Teck (1870–1910)
- Prince Alexander of Teck, later Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (1874–1957) m. Princess Alice of Albany
- Princess May of Teck, later Lady May Cambridge (1906–1994) m. Sir Henry Abel Smith
- Prince Rupert of Teck, later Rupert Cambridge, Viscount Trematon (1907–1928)
- Prince Maurice of Teck (1910–1910)
- Princess Amalie of Teck (1838–1893) m. Count Paul von Hügel
See also
References
- ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 498.
- ^ a b c Huberty, Michel; Giraud, Alain; Magdelaine, F.; B. (1979). ’’L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II – Anhalt-Lippe-Wurtemberg’’. France: Laballery. pp. 497, 508–509, 524, 532–533, 539–540, 547–548, 551, 553. ISBN 2-901138-02-0.
- ^ a b c d e Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (editor). Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, Burke's Peerage, London, 1973, pp. 252, 289, 291, 293. ISBN 0-220-66222-3
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 498–499.
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