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Sematurinae
Mania species from the collection of Felix Stumpe
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Superfamily:
Geometroidea
Family:
Sematuridae
Subfamily:
Sematurinae
Genera
  • Coronidia Westwood, 1879
    • =Conoris Berthold, 1827 [rejected name]
    • =Larunda Hübner, 1823 [junior homonym]
    • =Coronis Latreille, 1829 [junior homonym]
  • Homidiana Strand, 1914
    • =Homidia Strand, 1911 [junior homonym]
  • Mania Hübner, 1821
    • =Nothus Billberg, 1820 [junior homonym of Nothus Ziegler in Oliver, 1811]
    • =Sematura Dalman, 1825
    • =Manidia Westwood, 1879 [unnecessary replacement name]
  • Lonchotura Hampson, 1918
  • Anurapteryx Hampson, 1918

Sematurinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Sematuridae represented by at least 29 species in the Neotropics.

Taxonomy, classification and identification

Sematurinae has three principal genera, and possibly another two. The hindwing of Coronidia is distinguished by an iridescent blue band,[1] but Homidiana characteristically has pink, orange or yellow markings,[2] especially in females (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The genus Mania is large, brown and tailed, resembling to some extent the genus Lyssa. The approximately twelve other sematurid species in the genera Anurapteryx and Lonchotura are placed here for now (making about 41 species) but may not belong in this subfamily; one species, Anurapteryx crenulata reaches the subtropics of Arizona[3] (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The relationships within Sematuridae clearly need deeper investigation.

  • Note: the name Nothus is preoccupied by a genus of Coleoptera[4] (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The genus name Sematura was also in use for this genus, but it was younger (being published in 1825) than Hübner's name Mania from 1821; a petition to conserve the junior name was rejected by the ICZN in Opinion 2352 (2015),[5] so Hübner's name is officially now the valid name for the genus.

Behaviour

The adult moths of Sematurinae are either day or night flying, depending on the genus and have the wings outspread at rest and the genus Sematura displays impressive eyespots at the hindwing tails.

Biology

The biology of Sematurinae is poorly known. The larva of Homidiana was illustrated by Westwood (1879) who incorrectly placed it among Coronidia, and was described by Anton Hermann Fassl (1910). From 1995 to 1998, caterpillars were found in Costa Rica.[6] Sematurine eggs have been described by Joël Minet and Malcolm J. Scoble (1999:302), and are upright, high, with vertical and finer transverse ribs. The caterpillars of Homidiana subpicta have rows of black spines either side of the dorsal midline and five pairs of prolegs.[7] The larva of Coronidia orithea lacks such spines, and is well camouflaged like a lichen-covered twig[8] and has realistic-looking false eyes making it resemble a predatory spider.[9] The larvae of Mania were reared in Costa Rica in 2001 and are a bit similar to those of Coronidia being well camouflaged but bearing small projections rather than long spines one the dorsal surface.[10] Like some Uraniidae, pupation occurs on the ground among debris. The pupa of Homidiana has a long projecting proboscis "sheath"[11] with eight hooklets at the cremaster tip (Minet and Scoble, 1999).

Larval host plants

The caterpillar of Coronidia orithea is so far only known to feed on mistletoes (Viscaceae: Phoradendron quadrangulare). Homidiana subpicta feeds on a more diverse range of plants, including the families Araliaceae (Oreopanax), Gesneriaceae, Piperaceae (Piper), Primulaceae (Ardisia, Myrsine), Solanaceae (Solanum), Onagraceae (Ludwigia) and Theophrastaceae (Clavija).[12] "Sematura luna"[13] reared in 2001 whose well-camouflaged larva is reported to feed on the legume Pentaclethra macroloba (Mimosoideae) and on Syzygium longifolium (Myrtaceae).

Provisional list of species (based on LepIndex)

References

  1. ^ Leptree.net (2007-01-27). "leptree.net". leptree.net. Archived from the original on 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  2. ^ "sil.si.edu". sil.si.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  3. ^ "nitro.biosci.arizona.edu". Archived from the original on 2002-08-16. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  4. ^ "uio.mbl.edu". uio.mbl.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  5. ^ Opinion 2352 (Case 3531): Sematura Dalman, 1825 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Sematuridae): precedence over Mania Hübner, 1821 not given
  6. ^ "janzen.sas.upenn.edu". janzen.sas.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  7. ^ janzen.sas.upenn.edu[dead link]
  8. ^ janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu[dead link]
  9. ^ janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu[dead link]
  10. ^ tulane.edu[dead link]
  11. ^ janzen.sas.upenn.edu[dead link]
  12. ^ "janzen.sas.upenn.edu". janzen.sas.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  13. ^ tulane.edu Archived November 5, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia erecthea​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  15. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia hyphasis​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  16. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia orithea​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  17. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia orithea​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  18. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia orithea​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  19. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia difficilis​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  20. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia difficilis​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  21. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana aeneophlebia​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  22. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana anilina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  23. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana brachyura​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  24. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana briseis​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  25. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana canace​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  26. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana canace​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  27. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana egina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  28. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana canace​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  29. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana egina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  30. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana egina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  31. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana evenus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  32. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana evenus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  33. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana gueneei​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  34. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana hoppi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  35. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana leachi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  36. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana leachi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  37. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana lederi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  38. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana leucosticta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  39. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana strandi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  40. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana monotona​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  41. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana restincta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  42. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana rosina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  43. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana rosina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  44. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana rubrivena​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  45. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana rubrivena​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  46. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana subpicta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  47. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana subpicta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  48. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana subpicta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  49. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana tangens​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  50. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana traducta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  51. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana westwoodi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  52. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus aegisthus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  53. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus aegisthus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  54. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus aegisthus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  55. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus aegisthus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  56. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus diana​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  57. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus lunus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  58. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus lunus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  59. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus lunus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  60. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus empedocles​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  61. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus empedocles​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  62. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus empedocles​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  63. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx beckeri​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  64. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx brueckneri​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  65. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx crenulata​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  66. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx gephyra​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  67. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx interlineata​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  68. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx interlineata​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  69. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx interlineata​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  70. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx insolita​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  71. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx montana​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  72. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx ribbei​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  73. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Lonchotura fassli​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  74. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Lonchotura ocylus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  75. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Lonchotura ocylus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  76. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Lonchotura ocylus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  77. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Lonchotura genevana​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  • Fassl, A.H. (1910). Die Raupe einer Uranide. Z. wiss. InsektBiol, 6(10): 355.
  • Minet, J. and Scoble, M. J. (1999) [1998] The Drepanoid/Geometroid Assemblage. Pp. 301–320 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.), 1999 [1998]. Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1, Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology, vol. IV, Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York.
  • Westwood, J.O. 1879. Observations on the Uraniidae, a family of Lepidopterous Insects, with a Synopsis of the Family and a Monograph of Coronidia, one of the genera of which it is composed. Transactions of the Zoological Society, 10(12): 1–35, 3 plates.

Other sources

  • NHM Lepindex
  • Dyer, L.A. and G.L. Gentry. 2002. Caterpillars and parasitoids of a tropical lowland wet forest, caterpillars.org, Accessed, March 2007.

Data related to Sematurinae at Wikispecies

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sematurinae&oldid=1055150095"