Ṣuhayb ibn Sinan

Suhayb the Roman صُهَيْب ٱلرُّومِيّ
Born	c. 586 Mesopotamia
Died	c. 659 (aged 73) Medina, Arabia
Ethnicity	Arab
Burial Place	Jannat al-Baqi', Hejaz (Modern-day Saudi Arabia)
Known For	Being a companion of prophet Muhammad
Kunya	Abu Yahya (أَبُو يَحْيَىٰ)
Religion	Islam
Venerated in	Sunni Islam

Suhayb the Roman or Suhayb al-Rumi (Arabic: صُهَيْب ٱلرُّومِيّ, Suheyb er-Rûmî, born c. 587), also known as Suhayb ibn Sinan (Arabic: صُهَيْب ٱبْنِ سِنَان), also spelled Sohaib, was a former Arab slave in the Byzantine Empire who went on to become a companion of Muhammad and member of the early Muslim community.

Early life

Around the year 591, about twenty years before the commencement of Muhammad's mission, a man named Sinan ibn Malik governed the city of al-Uballah on behalf of the Persian emperor (perhaps Khosrow II). The city, which is now part of Basra, lay on the banks of the Euphrates. He had several children and was particularly fond of one of them who was then barely five years old with red hair and named Suhayb (meaning red-head, ginger). One day Suhayb's mother took him to a village called ath-Thani for a picnic. That day ath-Thani was attacked by Byzantine soldiers who took a large number of prisoners, including Suhayb.

Suhayb was taken to one of the slave markets of the Byzantine Empire. He passed from one master to another, remaining for about twenty years in Byzantine lands as a slave. He grew up speaking Greek, the language of the Byzantine Empire and practically forgot Arabic. At the first opportunity, Suhayb escaped and headed for Mecca, which was considered a place of asylum. There, people called him ar-Rumi, meaning "the Roman", because of his background, including his Roman accent and his red pinkish skin . He became the representative of an aristocrat in Mecca, Abdullah ibn Judan, engaging in trade and becoming quite wealthy.

Acceptance of Islam and escape to Medina

One day he was told that Muhammad was calling people to a new religion in the house of al-Arqam ibn Abi al-Arqam. After meeting with him, he was convinced of the truth of his message and pledged fealty to Muhammad. The ruling tribe of Quraish soon learned of Suhayb's acceptance of Islam and began harassing him. When Muhammad gave permission for his followers to migrate to Medina in 622, Suhayb resolved to accompany Muhammad and Abu Bakr, but the Quraish discovered his intentions and placed guards over him to prevent him from leaving Mecca and taking the wealth he had acquired through trade. After the departure of Muhammad and Abu Bakr, Suhayb continued to bide his time, attempting to escape several times.

One night, Suhayb feigned stomach problems and went out repeatedly as if responding to calls of nature. His captors became relaxed and Suhayb quietly armed himself, readied a mount and headed for Medina. When his captors realized Suhayb was gone, they pursued and eventually caught up with him. Seeing them approach, Suhayb clambered up a hill and holding his bow and arrow, he shouted:

"Men of Quraish! You know, by God, that I am one of the best archers and my aim is unerring. By God, if you come near me, with each arrow I have, I shall kill one of you. Then I shall strike with my sword."

The men responded, "By God, we shall not let you escape from us with your life and money. You came to Mecca weak and poor and you have acquired what you have acquired.."

"What would you say if I leave you my wealth?" interrupted Suhayb. "Would you get out of my way?" "Yes," they answered.

Suhayb described the place in his house in Mecca where he had left the money, and they allowed him to go. When Suhayb reached Quba, just outside Medina, Muhammad saw him approaching and said, "Your transaction has been fruitful, O Abu Yahya. Your transaction has been fruitful." He repeated this three times. Suhayb's face beamed with happiness as he said, "By God, no one has come before me to you, Messenger of God, and only Jibril could have told you about this."

Following the death of Umar

Suhayb was chosen by the caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab to lead the Muslims in prayers for some time.

As Umar lay dying after being stabbed by Abu-Lu'lu'ah on November 1, 644, he summoned Uthman ibn Affan, Ali, Talhah, Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Abdur Rahman bin Awf, and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and instructed them to consult among themselves and with the Muslims for three days and choose a successor.

In this brief intermediate period before Uthman's appointment, Suhayb was responsible for leading prayers.

See also

• Salaf
• Sahaba
• List of Sahabah

Sources

• Fazail-e-Amaal by Muhammad Zakariya al-Kandahlawi, Sh. Muhammad Ashraf Publishers Lahore