List of monarchs of Württemberg

Monarchy of Württemberg
Monarchy of Württemberg
State
	Royal coat of arms
	William II
Details
Style	His Majesty
First monarch	Conrad I (as Count)
Last monarch	William II (as King)
Formation	1081
Abolition	30 November 1918
Appointer	Hereditary
Pretender(s)	Wilhelm, Duke of Württemberg

This is a list of monarchs of Württemberg, containing the Counts, Dukes, Electors, and Kings who reigned over different territories named Württemberg from the beginning of the County of Württemberg in the 11th century to the end of the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1918.

Counts and Dukes of Württemberg

House of Württemberg

Partitions of Württemberg under Württemberg rule


County of Württemberg (1089-1442)
			County of Württemberg-Stuttgart (1442–82)
County of Württemberg-Montbéliard (Stuttgart line, 1st creation) (1473–82)	County of Württemberg-Urach (1442–82)

County of Württemberg-Montbéliard Revived: 1526-34 (2nd creation) 1542-50 (3rd creation) 1553-93 (4th creation)	County and Duchy of Württemberg Elevated to Duchy in 1495; Annexed to Austria 1519-34 (1482-1617) (Urach line until 1495; Stuttgart line until 1498) (Montbéliard line from 1498 onwards)
				Duchy of Württemberg-Weitlingen (1588-1705)

Duchy of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1617-1723) (Twice annexed to France: 1676-79, 1680–97)	Duchy of Württemberg-Neuenstadt (1st creation) (1617–31)	Duchy of Württemberg (1617-1803) (Winnental line* from 1733)*			Duchy of Württemberg-Oels (1635-1792) (Wilhelminort line* from 1761)*

	Duchy of Württemberg-Neuenstadt (2nd creation) (1649-1742)
			Duchy of Württemberg-Winnental (1677-1733)
						Duchy of Württemberg-Wilhelminort (1704-1761)




					Annexed to the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Table of monarchs

Monarch	Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes
Conrad I	?	1099-1122	1122	County of Württemberg	Unknown	Considered to be founder of the Württemberg dynasty.
Conrad II	?	1122-1143	1143	County of Württemberg	Unknown	His mother, Luitgard of Beutelsbach, was a sister of Conrad I. He served as marshal of Swabia^[1] and advocate of the town of Ulm, and had large possessions in the valleys of the Neckar and the Rems. Based on the similarity between their coats of arms, it is believed that Conrad II belonged to the family of the Counts of Veringen (Veringenstadt).
Louis I	c.1098	1143-1158	1158	County of Württemberg	Unknown at least one child	He presumably was Vogt of the Denkendorf monastery.
Louis II	c.1137	1158-1181	1181	County of Württemberg	Willibirg of Kirchberg (1142-1179) two children
Hartmann	c.1160	1181-1240	1240	County of Württemberg	? of Veringen no children	Sons of Louis II, ruled jointly since 1194. Hartmann inherited Veringen estates through his marriage. Hartmann's children founded a branch of counts of Grüningen-Landau.
Louis III	1166	1194-1241	1241	County of Württemberg	? of Dillenburg/Kyburg four children
Ulrich I the Founder	1226	1241-1265	25 February 1265	County of Württemberg	Matilda of Baden three children Agnes of Legnica (d.13 March 1265) one child	Grandson of Hartmann I, through his son Hermann.
Ulrich II	1254	1265-1279	18 September 1279	County of Württemberg	Unknown
Eberhard I the Illustrious	13 March 1265	1279-1325	5 June 1325	County of Württemberg	Unknown two children Margaret of Lorraine one child Irmengard of Baden three children
Ulrich III	c.1290	1325-1344	11 July 1344	County of Württemberg	Sophia of Pfirt 1312 two children
Eberhard II the Jarrer	c.1315	1344-1392	15 March 1392	County of Württemberg	Elisabeth of Henneberg-Schleusingen 17 September 1342 two children	Sons of Ulrich III, ruled jointly. Ulrich IV usually stood in the shadow of his elder brother Eberhard II. Because of that, he temporarily strove towards the division of the realm, which motivated Eberhard to force his brother to sign a treaty that stipulated the indivisibility of the county on December 3, 1361. On May 1, 1362, Ulrich IV relinquished his participation in the government.
Ulrich IV	c.1315	1344-1362	1366	County of Württemberg	Katharina of Helfenstein no children
Eberhard III the Clement	1364	1392-1417	16 May 1417	County of Württemberg	Antonia Visconti 27 October 1380 Urach three children Elisabeth of Nuremberg 22 November 1412 one child	Grandson of Eberhard II, through his son Ulrich. His reign was noted by a peace-preserving policy of alliances with the neighboring principalities and imperial towns. Examples are an alliances with 14 Upper-Swabian towns, concluded 27 August 1395 and the Marbachs alliance in 1405. Acquired the County of Montbéliard marrying his son to its heiress.
Eberhard IV the Younger	23 August 1388	1392-1417	2 July 1419	County of Württemberg	Henriette, Countess of Montbéliard 1407 three children	Took part in government since 1407, and ruled in Montbéliard with his wife since 1409.
Regency of Henriette, Countess of Montbéliard (1419-1433)						Sons of Eberhard IV, co-ruled with their mother as regent until 1433. However, they agreed in dividing the county in 1442. Louis also inherited Montbéliard from his mother in 1444, and remodeled Urach into his residence and implemented an active policy to strengthen the monasteries in his realm of power. On his part, Ulrich inherited Stuttgart.
Louis I (IV)^[2]	c.1412	1419-1442	24 September 1450	County of Württemberg	Mechthild of the Palatinate 21 October 1436 Stuttgart five children
Louis I (IV)^[2]	c.1412	1442-1450	24 September 1450	Württemberg-Urach
Ulrich V the Well-Loved	1413	1419-1442	1 September 1480	County of Württemberg	Margaret of Cleves 29 January 1441 Stuttgart one child Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut 8 February 1445 Stuttgart five children Margaret of Savoy 11 November 1453 Stuttgart three children
Ulrich V the Well-Loved	1413	1442-1480	1 September 1480	Württemberg-Stuttgart
The Treaty of Nürtingen divided the County of Württemberg into two separate lines. Württemberg-Stuttgart, containing the northern and eastern parts of the old county, with the capital Stuttgart; and Württemberg-Urach, containing the southern and western parts, with the capital Urach.
Regency of Eberhard V, Count of Württemberg-Stuttgart (1450-1453)
Louis II	3 April 1439	1450-1457	3 November 1457	Württemberg-Urach	Unmarried
The Treaty of Münsingen reunited the two separate Lines under Eberhard V in 1482. Eberhard obtained the title of Duke in 1495.
Eberhard V & I the Bearded^[3]	11 December 1445	1457-1482	24 February 1496	Württemberg-Urach	Barbara Gonzaga 12 April/4 July 1474 Urach one child	Reunited the counties of Württemberg under his rule in 14 December 1482. His title was elevated to Duke in 1495. Founded the University of Tübingen, but expelled the Jews from his lands. He left no descendants, and the duchy passed to the deposed count of Stuttgart.
Eberhard V & I the Bearded^[3]	11 December 1445	1482-1495 1495-1496	24 February 1496	County of Württemberg Duchy of Württemberg	Barbara Gonzaga 12 April/4 July 1474 Urach one child
Henry	7 September 1448	1473-1482	15 April 1519	Württemberg-Montbéliard	Elisabeth of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Bitsch (d. 17 February 1487) 1485 one child Eva of Salm 21 July 1488 two children	The 1473 Treaty of Urach awarded the county of Montbéliard and other Württemberg possessions on the left bank of the Rhine to Henry. In the course of a dispute between Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy and Emperor Frederick III, Charles took Henry prisoner in 1474. The captivity lasted until 1477 and Henry was treated very badly, allegedly including a mock execution. After his father's death in 1480, Henry claimed Württemberg-Stuttgart. He did not succeed, and in the 1482 Treaty of Reichenweier, he gave the county of Montbéliard to his brother, Eberhard II.
Montbéliard was annexed to Württemberg
Eberhard VI & II^[3]	1 February 1447	1480-1482	17 February 1504	Württemberg-Stuttgart	Elisabeth of Brandenburg April/May 1467 Stuttgart no children	Deposed by the count of Urach, who reunited both halves of the county, he later achieved sovereignty over the whole Württemberg as Duke Eberhard II. But he soon ran into trouble with the nobility, who disempowered him, working in close collaboration with Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. He fled to Ulm, but as he didn't find support, he was forced to accept the Arbitration of Horb in 1498, which deposed and banished him, in exchange for an annual pension of 6,000 guilders.
Eberhard VI & II^[3]	1 February 1447	1496-1498	17 February 1504	Duchy of Württemberg
Regency of the Estates of the realm (1498-1503)						Son of Henry and nephew of Eberhard II. Infamous for his violent tendencies, which caused marital problems, and which, at a greater extent, had him deposed in January 1519 and the duchy annexed to Austria. In exile, and away from his wife, who fled to Bavaria, he befriended Philip, landgrave of Hesse. Restored in May 1534, he aimed to bring the Reformation to the Duchy and, as Henry VIII of England was doing in his country, he also supported the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Ulrich	8 February 1487	1498-1519 1534-1550	6 November 1550	Duchy of Württemberg	Sabina of Bavaria 2 March 1511 two children
Württemberg annexed to Austria: 1519-1534
George I the Cautious	4 February 1498	1526-1534 1553-1558	17 July 1558	Württemberg-Montbéliard	Barbara of Hesse 1555 three children	Son of Henry and nephew of Eberhard II. He was deposed by his half-brother Ulrich and was only restored to his title under his nephew Christoph.
Montbéliard was annexed to Württemberg in 1534, and revived in 1542
Christopher the Pacific	12 May 1515	1542-1553	28 December 1568	Württemberg-Montbéliard	Anna Maria of Brandenburg-Ansbach 24 February 1544 Ansbach twelve children	He re-organized the entire administration of the church and state. He also reformed and supported the educational system. He also reconstructed the Altes Schloss in Stuttgart and hosted many celebrations.
Christopher the Pacific	12 May 1515	1550-1568	28 December 1568	Duchy of Württemberg
Regencies of Anna Maria of Brandenburg-Ansbach, George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1568-77) and Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1568-69)						Left no descendants, and the duchy passed to his brother Frederick I.
Louis the Pious^[4]	1 January 1554	1568-1593	28 August 1593	Duchy of Württemberg	Dorothea Ursula of Baden-Durlach (20 June 1559-19 May 1583) 7 November 1575 no children Ursula of Palatinate-Veldenz (24 February 1572-5 March 1635) 1585 no children
Frederick I	19 August 1557	1558-1593	29 January 1608	Württemberg-Montbéliard	Sibylla of Anhalt 22 May 1581 Stuttgart fifteen children
Frederick I	19 August 1557	1593-1608	29 January 1608	Duchy of Württemberg	Sibylla of Anhalt 22 May 1581 Stuttgart fifteen children
Montbéliard merged into Württemberg in 1593
John Frederick	5 May 1582	1608-1628	18 July 1628	Duchy of Württemberg	Barbara Sophie of Brandenburg 5 November 1609 Urach nine children	Restored the constitution and councils abolished by his father. After the division in 1617, and as the eldest, he kept the main duchy of Württemberg
Louis Frederick	29 January 1586	1617-1631	26 January 1631	Württemberg-Montbéliard	Elisabeth Magdalena of Hesse-Darmstadt (23 April 1600 - 9 June 1624) 14 July 1617 three children Anna Eleonora of Nassau-Saarbrücken 15 May 1625 three children	Son of Frederick I, after the partition of 1617 received Montbéliard.
Frederick Achilles	5 May 1591	1617-1631	30 December 1631	Württemberg-Neuenstadt	Unmarried	Son of Frederick I, after the partition of 1617 received Neuenstadt. After his death without descendants, the duchy was briefly reannexed to the main Württemberg before being reassigned to his nephew.
Neuenstadt merged in Württemberg in 1631
Julius Frederick	3 June 1588	1617-1635	25 April 1635	Württemberg-Weiltingen	Anna Sabina of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg 11 December 1618 Sønderborg nine children	Son of Frederick I, after the partition of 1617 received Weiltingen.
Regencies of Louis Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1628-31) and Julius Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Weiltingen (1631-33)						Following a major defeat of Württemberg troops in the battle of Nördlingen on 6 September 1634, Württemberg was severely looted and plundered. Eberhard fled to Strasbourg, while many territories had already been passed on by the Emperor to other parties to push forward Catholicism in the region. The Duchy of Württemberg was reinstated after long negotiations resulting in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, despite or maybe because of the effects of war, poverty, hunger and the Bubonic plague all of which reduced the population from 350,000 in 1618 to 120,000 in 1648.
Eberhard III	16 December 1614	1628-1674	2 July 1674	Duchy of Württemberg	Anna Katharina of Salm-Kyrburg (27 January 1614-27 June 1655) 26 February 1637 fourteen children Maria Dorothea Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen (29 December 1639-29 June 1698) 20 July 1656 Ansbach eleven children
Regency of George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Julius Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Weiltingen (1631-38)						Left no descendants. The duchy passed to his brother George.
Leopold Frederick	30 May 1624	1631-1662	15 June 1662	Württemberg-Montbéliard	Sibylle of Württemberg (4 December 1620 - 21 May 1707) no children
Roderick	19 October 1618	1635-1651	19 November 1651	Württemberg-Weiltingen	Unmarried	Died without descendants. The duchy went to his younger brother, Manfred.
Silvius I Nimrod	2 May 1622	1647-1664	24 April 1664	Württemberg-Oels	Elisabeth Marie, Duchess of Oels 1 May 1647 Oleśnica seven children	Son of Julius Frederick, acquired the duchy of Oels by marriage.
Frederick	19 December 1615	1649-1682	24 March 1682	Württemberg-Neuenstadt	Clara Augusta of Brunswick-Lüneburg 7 June 1653 twelve children	Son of John Frederick, he received the duchy of Neuenstadt after the death of his uncle.
Manfred	5 June 1626	1651-1662	15 May 1662	Württemberg-Weiltingen	Juliana of Oldenburg 31 October 1652 three children
George II	5 October 1626	1662-1676 1679-1680 1697-1699	1 June 1699	Württemberg-Montbéliard	Anne de Coligny (1624-1680) 9 March 1648 Montbéliard eight children	Under his rule the French occupied his lands twice.
Montbéliard occupied by France: 1676-1679, 1680-1697
Frederick Ferdinand	6 October 1654	1662-1705	8 August 1705	Württemberg-Weiltingen	Elisabeth of Württemberg-Montbéliard 9 September 1689 three children	Left no surviving male descendants, and the duchy was reannexed to the main duchy of Württemberg
Weitlingen was annexed to Württemberg in 1705
Silvius II Frederick	21 February 1651	1664-1697	3 June 1697	Württemberg-Oels	Eleonore Charlotte of Württemberg-Montbéliard 7 April 1672 Oleśnica no children
William Louis	7 January 1647	1674-1677	23 June 1677	Duchy of Württemberg	Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt 6 November 1673 Darmstadt four children	Died unexpectedly, when 30 years old, of a heart-attack.
Frederick Charles	12 September 1652	1677-1697	20 September 1697	Württemberg-Winnental	Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg-Ansbach 31 October 1682 Ansbach seven children	Son of Eberhard III, founded the new Duchy of Winnental.
Regency of Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt (1677-1693)						For his time, Eberhard Louis was a very tolerant ruler, commonly noted by modern scholars as "enlightened." Left no surviving descendants, and thus the main line went extinct. The duchy passed to Winnental branch.
Eberhard Louis	18 September 1676	1677-1733	31 October 1733	Duchy of Württemberg	Johanna Elisabeth of Baden-Durlach 6 May 1697 Basel one child
Frederick Augustus	12 March 1654	1682-1716	6 August 1716	Württemberg-Neuenstadt	Albertine Sophie Esther of Eberstein 9 February 1679 fifteen children	Left no male surviving descendants. The duchy passed to his brother.
Charles Alexander	24 January 1684	1697-1733	12 March 1737	Württemberg-Winnental	Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis 1 May 1727 Frankfurt am Main six children	Previously served as regent of the Kingdom of Serbia (1720–33). In 1733, inherited the main Duchy of Württemberg.
Charles Alexander	24 January 1684	1733-1737	12 March 1737	Duchy of Württemberg
Winnental merged into Württemberg in 1733
Christian Ulrich I	9 April 1652	1697-1704	5 April 1704	Württemberg-Oels	Anna Elisabeth of Anhalt-Bernburg 13 March 1672 Bernburg seven children Sibylla Maria of Saxe-Merseburg (28 October 1667 - 9 October 1693) 27 October 1683 Doberlug-Kirchhain seven children Sophie Wilhelmine of East Frisia (17 October 1659 - 4 February 1698) 4 February 1695 Hamburg one child Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (21 June 1662 - 1 June 1738) 6 December 1700 Güstrow no children
Leopold Eberhard	21 May 1670	1699-1723	25 May 1723	Württemberg-Montbéliard	Anne-Sabine Hedwiger June 1695 (morganatic) four children Elisabeth Charlotte Curie 1718 Montbéliard (morganatic) six children	Had no legitimate descendants, and after his death the county was definitely annexed to Württemberg.
Montbéliard was annexed to Württemberg in 1723
Charles Frederick II^[5]	7 February 1690	1704-1744	14 December 1761	Württemberg-Oels	Sibylle Charlotte Juliane of Württemberg-Weiltingen (1690-1735) 21 April 1709 Stuttgart no children	Abdicated to his nephew, Charles Christian Erdmann. Had no descendants.
Christian Ulrich II	27 January 1691	1704-1734	7 February 1744	Württemberg-Wilhelminort	Philippine Charlotte of Redern-Krappitz (18 February 1691 - 17 June 1758) 13 July 1711 six children	Abdicated to his nephew, Charles Christian Erdmann. Had no descendants.
Charles Rudolph	29 May 1667	1716-1742	17 November 1742	Württemberg-Neuenstadt	Unmarried	Left no male surviving descendants. The duchy passed to his brother.
Neuenstadt was annexed to Württemberg in 1742
Regencies of Charles Rudolph, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt (1737-38) and Charles Frederick II, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (1738-46)
Charles Eugene	11 February 1728	1733-1793	24 October 1793	Duchy of Württemberg	Elisabeth Friederike Sophie of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 26 September 1748 Bayreuth one child Countess Franziska von Hohenheim 10/11 January 1785 (morganatic until 1790) no children
Charles Christian Erdmann	26 October 1716	1744-1792	14 December 1792	Württemberg-Wilhelminort	Marie Sophie Wilhelmine of Solms-Laubach (1721-1793) 8 April 1741 Laubach three children
Charles Christian Erdmann	26 October 1716	1744-1792	14 December 1792	Württemberg-Oels
Oels was annexed to the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Louis Eugene	6 January 1731	1793-1795	20 May 1795	Duchy of Württemberg	Countess Sophia Albertine of Beichlingen (15 December 1728-10 May 1807) 10/11 January 1785 (morganatic) three children
Frederick Eugene	21 January 1732	1795-1797	23 December 1797	Duchy of Württemberg	Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt 29 November 1753 twelve children
Frederick II	6 November 1754	1797-1803	30 October 1816	Duchy of Württemberg	Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 15 October 1780 Brunswick four children Charlotte of Great Britain 18 May 1797 London no children	In 1803, he was raised as Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, and in 1806 raised himself as king, with approval of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Elector of Württemberg, 1803–1806

In 1803, the Duke of Württemberg was raised to the rank of Elector of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1806, the Empire was dissolved, and the Elector of Württemberg became an independent monarch with the title of King.

Elector of Württemberg
Württemberg Dynasty
Image	Name (Birth–Death)	Began	Ended	Notes
	Frederick I Friedrich I (1754–1816)	25 February 1803	6 August 1806	The first and only Elector of Württemberg.

Kings of Württemberg, 1806–1918

The Holy Roman Empire came to an end in 1806. The Elector of Württemberg, allied to Napoleon I, anticipated its dissolution by becoming the ruler of an independent Kingdom of Württemberg in 1806.

Kings of Württemberg
Württemberg Dynasty
Image	Name (Birth–Death)	Began	Ended	Notes
	Frederick I Friedrich I (1754–1816)	1 January 1806	30 October 1816
	William I Wilhelm I (1781–1864)	30 October 1816	25 June 1864	Son of Frederick I.
	Charles I Karl I (1823–1891)	25 June 1864	6 October 1891	Son of William I. Became a subordinate ruler in the German Empire after the Unification of Germany in 1871.
	William II Wilhelm II (1848–1921)	6 October 1891	30 November 1918	Nephew of Charles I. The last King of Württemberg. Abdicated in the German Revolution of 1918–1919.

Because of a lack of male heirs under Salic law, on the death of Wilhelm II in 1921 the royal house had to reach back to the descendants of Friedrich II Eugen (ruled 1795–97). The line of the Duke of Urach was excluded because of a morganatic marriage back in 1800 by its forebear Duke William, and so the succession devolved to the younger branch of Altshausen.

Another morganatic descendant of Friedrich II Eugen was Mary of Teck (1867–1953), who married the British king George V when he was Duke of York.

References

^ This fact is from coins produced under his premiership - details are available here
^ Probably styled I in reference to the numbering in the county of Montbéliard; there was only one Louis, who ruled in the 11th century and to whom no numbering is usually attributed. Louis should be numbered IV in Württemberg.
^ ^a ^b When raised as dukes, the counting of the rulers restarted.
^ Some authors inexplicably give him the number III, which would only be applicable if numberings of counts were valid for the dukes, which doesn't seem to be the case, as seen with the dukes named Eberhard.
^ Numbered II as Duke of Oels; Charles Frederick I (of Podebrady) was the father-in-law of Silvius I Nimrod.

[1] This fact is from coins produced under his premiership - details are available here

[2] Probably styled I in reference to the numbering in the county of Montbéliard; there was only one Louis, who ruled in the 11th century and to whom no numbering is usually attributed. Louis should be numbered IV in Württemberg.

[N-3] When raised as dukes, the counting of the rulers restarted.

[4] Some authors inexplicably give him the number III, which would only be applicable if numberings of counts were valid for the dukes, which doesn't seem to be the case, as seen with the dukes named Eberhard.

[5] Numbered II as Duke of Oels; Charles Frederick I (of Podebrady) was the father-in-law of Silvius I Nimrod.

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