Black Front

Combat League of Revolutionary National Socialists

*Kampfgemeinschaft Revolutionärer Nationalsozialisten*
Combat League of Revolutionary National Socialists Kampfgemeinschaft Revolutionärer Nationalsozialisten
Leader	Otto Strasser
Founders	Otto Strasser; Hermann Ehrhardt
Founded	4 July 1930
Banned	15 February 1933
Split from	Nazi Party
Succeeded by	German Social Union (not legal successor)
Headquarters	Berlin
Newspaper	The German Revolution
Ideology	Strasserism
Political position	Far-right
Colours	Black Red
Party flag
	Politics of Germany; Political parties; Elections;

The Combat League of Revolutionary National Socialists (German: Kampfgemeinschaft Revolutionärer Nationalsozialisten, KGRNS), more commonly known as the Black Front (German: Schwarze Front), was a political group formed by Otto Strasser in 1930 after he resigned from the Nazi Party (NSDAP) to avoid being expelled.^[3]^[4]

Strasser formed the Black Front to continue what he saw as the original anti-capitalist stance of the Nazi Party, embodied in several items of its 25-point Program of 1920 that was in large part ignored by Adolf Hitler, which Strasser saw as a betrayal. The group's reflected Strasser's political views, such as revolutionary nationalism, and its criticism of capitalism was expressed in economic antisemitic terms rather than socialism. The Black Front was composed of former radical Nazis who intended to cause a split in the party, and adopted the crossed hammer and sword symbol that is still used by several Strasserite groups. The group published a newspaper entitled The German Revolution.^[3]

The Black Front, which never had more than a couple of thousand members,^[4] was unable to effectively oppose the Nazis. Hitler's rise to power as Chancellor of Germany proved to be the final straw. The remaining anti-capitalist elements of the Nazis were eradicated in 1934 during the Night of the Long Knives, in which Gregor Strasser, Otto's older brother, was killed. Strasser had previously broken with his brother over Otto's proclivity to act on his own.^[4] Otto Strasser spent the years of the Third Reich in exile, first in Czechoslovakia (then the First Czechoslovak Republic) and later in Canada, before returning to West Germany in 1953.^[5]

References

^ Brown, Timothy S. (2009). Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-845-45564-4.
^ Nolzen, Armin (2013). "Straßer, Otto". Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 25. pp. 479–481.
^ ^a ^b Wistrich, Robert S. (4 July 2013). Who's Who in Nazi Germany. New York: Routledge. p. 248. ISBN 978-1-136-41381-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ullrich, Volker (2017). Hitler: Ascent: 1889–1939. Translated by Chase, Jefferson. New York: Vintage. p. 228. ISBN 978-1-101-87205-5.
^ Elzer, Herbert (2012). "Bonn oder Paradise? Die Bundesregierung, der SPD-Parteivorstand und die umstrittene Rückkehr des NS-Dissidenten Otto Straßer aus Kanada (1948–1952)" [Bonn or Paradise? The Federal Government, the SPD Party Leadership and the Controversial Return of the National-Socialist Dissident Otto Strasser from Canada]. Jahrbuch Extremismus & Demokratie (in German). 24. Baden-Baden: Nomos: 72–101. doi:10.5771/9783845244372-72.

[1] Brown, Timothy S. (2009). Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-845-45564-4.

[2] Nolzen, Armin (2013). "Straßer, Otto". Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 25. pp. 479–481.

[Wistrich_2013,_p._248-3] Wistrich, Robert S. (4 July 2013). Who's Who in Nazi Germany. New York: Routledge. p. 248. ISBN 978-1-136-41381-0.

[Ulrich_2017,_p._228-4] Ullrich, Volker (2017). Hitler: Ascent: 1889–1939. Translated by Chase, Jefferson. New York: Vintage. p. 228. ISBN 978-1-101-87205-5.

[5] Elzer, Herbert (2012). "Bonn oder Paradise? Die Bundesregierung, der SPD-Parteivorstand und die umstrittene Rückkehr des NS-Dissidenten Otto Straßer aus Kanada (1948–1952)" [Bonn or Paradise? The Federal Government, the SPD Party Leadership and the Controversial Return of the National-Socialist Dissident Otto Strasser from Canada]. Jahrbuch Extremismus & Demokratie (in German). 24. Baden-Baden: Nomos: 72–101. doi:10.5771/9783845244372-72.

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v t e Nazi Party
Leader	Anton Drexler (1919–1921) Adolf Hitler (1921–1945) Martin Bormann (1945)
History	Adolf Hitler's rise to power Beer Hall Putsch Brown House, Munich Denazification Enabling Act of 1933 German Workers' Party National Socialist Program Nazism Night of the Long Knives Nuremberg rallies Röhm scandal SA Thule Society
Party offices	Amt Rosenberg Hitler Youth Hitler's Chancellery Nazi Party Chancellery Office of Colonial Policy Office of Military Policy Office of Racial Policy Office of Foreign Affairs NSDAP/AO SS SS Education Office
Publications	Völkischer Beobachter Das Schwarze Korps Das Reich Innviertler Heimatblatt Arbeitertum Der Angriff Panzerbär Der Stürmer Kampfverlag
Notable members	Artur Axmann Houston Stewart Chamberlain Kurt Daluege Richard Walther Darré Rudolf Diels Karl Dönitz Dietrich Eckart Adolf Eichmann Hans Frank Roland Freisler Wilhelm Frick Walther Funk Joseph Goebbels Hermann Göring Ernst Hanfstaengl Rudolf Hess Reinhard Heydrich Heinrich Himmler Rudolf Höss Ernst Kaltenbrunner Robert Ley Josef Mengele Konstantin von Neurath Joachim von Ribbentrop Ernst Röhm Alfred Rosenberg Bernhard Rust Fritz Todt Baldur von Schirach Arthur Seyss-Inquart Albert Speer Gregor Strasser Otto Strasser Julius Streicher
Derivatives	Black Front (Strasserism) / German Social Union Deutsche Reichspartei / National Democratic Party of Germany Socialist Reich Party
Related articles	Adolf Hitler Schools Munich Documentation Centre National Political Institutes of Education Nazi concentration camps Nazi Germany Nazi songs Horst-Wessel-Lied Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party Samoan branch of the Nazi Party

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Germany

See also

References