Cuerno Verde
Cuerno Verde (died September 3, 1779) is the Spanish name for Tavibo Naritgant, a leader of the Comanche, likely of the Kotsoteka Comanche, in the late 18th century.
Life
Cuerno Verde ("Green Horn" in English), is the Spanish name given to Tavibo Naritgant ("Dangerous Man") because of the green tinted horn(s) that he wore on his head-dress in battle. The English translation of the Comanche name is "Dangerous Man."[1] His son inherited both the name and the distinctive head dress from the father, who was killed in combat against the Spanish at Ojo Caliente, in what is now New Mexico, in October 1768. [2]
As a young man, Tabivo Naritgant led a series of successful raids into Nuevo Mexico during the mid- to late 1770s. The Spanish Viceroy in New Spain noticed this threat to them, and offered Juan Bautista de Anza the governorship of Nuevo Mexico with instructions to deal with the various local Indians, including Tavibo Naritgant. De Anza moved to Nuevo Mexico and assumed the Governorship and for a year, studied past expeditions against and encounters with Cuerno Verde. A year later, in August 1779, de Anza led a mixed force of 500 to 800 Spanish troops and Ute, Apache, and Pueblo auxiliaries on a punitive expedition against the Comanche. [3][4]
The Comanche and Spanish forces met in a series of running battles between August 31 and September 3, 1779; Tabivo Naritgant was killed in combat, along with his first-born son and fifteen others, on September 3 somewhere between the present day cities of Pueblo, Colorado and Colorado City, Colorado, probably in a gully of the St. Charles River. Hostilities in the area decreased following his death.[5]
The "green horn" head-dress of Cuerno Verde was taken from the battlefield and presented to the Viceroy by de Anza. It has been reported that the Viceroy presented the headdress to the King of Spain, who in turn presented the headdress to the Pope.[6]
Anza called him a "cruel scourge" and made note in his diaries of atrocities attributed to him. Some modern Comanches question the veracity of Anza's statements while maintaining that Tabivo Naritgant'a warring activities were appropriate for a Comanche leader of the period.[7]
Legacy
Greenhorn Mountain and the Greenhorn Valley in south-central Colorado are named after the English translation of his Spanish name.[1]
Gallery
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Cuerno Verde marker on Colorado Highway 67 -
Cuerno Verde Mountain
Notes
- ^ a b "Juan Bautista de Anza & Cuerno Verde".
- ^ Martinez (2004). Anza and Cuerno Verde. p. 16.
- ^ Martinez (2004). Anza and Cuerno Verde. pp. ppg. 23, 52.
- ^ "Juan Bautista de Anza and the Battle of Greenhorn". Archived from the original on 2007-02-08.
- ^ Dodds (1994). They All Came To Pueblo. p. 13.
- ^ Martinez (2004). Anza and Cuerno Verde. p. 98.
- ^ Perez (2001-09-02). "Anza panelists present Comanches' viewpoint". The Pueblo Chieftain.
References
- Martinez, Wilfred O. (2004). Anza and Cuerno Verde: Decisive Battle. Pueblo, Colorado: El Escritorio. ISBN 0-9628974-9-3.
- Dodds, Joanne West (1994). They All Came To Pueblo: A Social History. Virginia Beach, Virginia: Donning Company. ISBN 0-89865-908-6.
- Miller, Ione. "Juan Bautista de Anza and the Battle of Greenhorn". Archived from the original on February 8, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
- "Juan Bautista de Anza & Cuerno Verde". Retrieved 2007-01-27.
- Perez, Gayle (2001-09-02). "Anza panelists present Comanches' viewpoint". The Pueblo Chieftain.
