From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Dove Spring Formation (formerly the Ricardo Formation) is a geologic formation in the western Mojave Desert of California.[1] It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene epoch of the Neogene period.
Fossil content
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Color key
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Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
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Mammals
Bats
Carnivorans
Carnivorans reported from the Dove Spring Formation
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Genus |
Species |
Presence
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Material |
Notes |
Images
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Barbourofelis
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B. osborni
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Kern County, California.[1]
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Junior synonym of B. whitfordi.
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B. whitfordi
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Red Canyon & other localities, Kern County, California.[2]
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Teeth & mandible.[2]
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A barbourofelid.
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B. sp.
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LACM localities 6260 & 1108, Kern County, California.[2]
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Left partial humerus (LACM 140853) & left distal humerus (LACM 59336).[2]
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A barbourofelid also found in the Green Valley Formation.
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Bassariscus
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B. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A procyonid.
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Borophagus
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B. littoralis
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Red Rock Canyon, Kern County, California.[3]
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Left maxillary (LACM 143520).[3]
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A borophagine dog also found in the Green Valley, Santa Margarita & Chanac formations.
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Carpocyon
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C. robustus
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Kern County, California.[3]
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Partial skeleton (UCMP 33569).[3]
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A borophagine dog.
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cf. Eomellivora
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cf. E. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A large mustelid similar to the honey badger.
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Epicyon
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E. aphobus
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Kern County, California.[1]
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Junior synonym of E. haydeni.
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E. haydeni
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Ricardo Fauna, Kern County, California.[3]
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Skull elements.[3]
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A borophagine dog.
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E. saevus
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Ricardo Fauna, Kern County, California.[1][3]
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Ramal elements.[3]
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A borophagine dog.
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"Felis"
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"F." sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A small felid.
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Ischyrocyon
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I. gidleyi
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Last Chance Gulch, Kern County, California.[4]
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A bear-dog.
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I. mohavensis
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Kern County, California.[1]
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Junior synonym of I. gidleyi.
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Leptocyon
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L. vafer
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Kern County, California (lower & upper parts of the formation).[1][5]
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Skull elements.[5]
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A canine dog.
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Martinogale
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M. faulli
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Red Rock Canyon, Kern County, California.[6]
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A nearly-complete skull (LACM 56230).[6]
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A skunk.
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M. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A skunk.
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"Mephitis"
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"M." sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A skunk.
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Metalopex
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M. macconnelli
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Red Rock Canyon, Kern County, California.[5]
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Skull elements.[5]
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A fox also found in the Milk Creek Formation & Malheur County, Oregon.
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Mustela
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?M. buwaldi
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A weasel.
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Osteoborus
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O. diabloensis
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Kern County, California.[1]
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Junior synonym of Borophagus littoralis.[3]
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Pseudaelurus
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P. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A felid.
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Tomarctus
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T. robustus
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Kern County, California.[1]
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Moved to the genus Carpocyon.[3]
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T. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A borophagine dog.
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"Vulpes"
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"V." sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A fox.
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Eulipotyphlans
Lagomorphs
Proboscideans
Rodents
Rodents reported from the Dove Spring Formation
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Genus |
Species |
Presence
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Material |
Notes |
Images
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Acrolophomys
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A. rhodopetros
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Teeth & dentary.[8]
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A cricetid.
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Ammospermophilus
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A. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An antelope squirrel.
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Antecalomys
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A. coxae
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Many teeth.[8]
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A sigmodontine.
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Bensonomys
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B. sp.
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Kern County, California.[8]
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Maxillae, a dentary & teeth.[8]
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A sigmodontine.
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Copemys
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C. dentalis
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Kern County, California.[1]
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Dentaries & teeth.[8]
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A cricetid.
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C. cf. C. longidens
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A cricetid.
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C. russelli
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A cricetid.
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C. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A cricetid.
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C. sp., cf. C. dentalis
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Teeth & jaw elements.[8]
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A cricetid.
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Cupidinimus
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C. avawatzensis
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A heteromyid also found in the Avawatz Formation.
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C. tertius
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A heteromyid.
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C. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A small heteromyid.
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Eucastor
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E. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A castorid.
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Leptodontomys
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L. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An eomyid.
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Lindsaymys
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L. takeuchii
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Kern County, California.[8]
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Multiple specimens.[8]
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A cotton rat.
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L. sp., cf. L. takeuchii
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Kern County, California.[8]
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Multiple teeth.[8]
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A cotton rat.
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L. sp. A
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Kern County, California.[8]
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Molars.[8]
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A cotton rat.
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L. sp. B
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Kern County, California.[8]
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Molars.[8]
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A cotton rat.
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Parapliosaccomys
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P. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A gopher.
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Paronychomys
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P. spp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A cricetid.
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Perognathus
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P. furlongi
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A pocket-mouse.
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P. minutus
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A pocket-mouse.
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Postcopemys
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P. sp., cf. P. valensis
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Teeth & dentary.[8]
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A cricetid.
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Protospermophilus
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P. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A squirrel.
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Repomys
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"R." sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A cricetid.
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cf. R. sp.
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M2 (LACM 156378).[8]
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A cricetid.
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Tamias
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T. ateles
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A chipmunk.
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"Thomomys"
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"T." sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A gopher.
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Ungulates
Ungulates reported from the Dove Spring Formation
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Genus |
Species |
Presence
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Material |
Notes |
Images
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Aphelops
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A. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A rhinoceros.
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Cormohipparion
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C. occidentale
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Kern County, California.[1]
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Isolated teeth & a lower mandible.[9]
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Remains reassigned to C. sp.[9]
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C. sp.
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El Paso Basin.[9]
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Isolated teeth & a lower mandible.[9]
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An equid.
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Cosoryx
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C. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An antilocaprid.
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Dinohippus
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D. cf. D. leardi
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An equid.
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?Hemiauchenia
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?H. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A camelid.
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Hipparion
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H. forcei
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An equid.
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H. tejonensis
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An equid.
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Ilingoceros
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I. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An antilocaprid.
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Megahippus
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M. cf. M. matthewi
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An equid.
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?Megatylopus
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?M. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A camelid.
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?Michenia
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?M. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A camelid.
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Paracosoryx
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P. furlongi
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Kern County, California.[1][10]
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An antilocaprid.
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Peraceras
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P. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A rhinoceros.
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Plioceros
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P. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An antilocaprid.
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Pliohippus
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P. tantulus
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An equid.
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P. tejonensis
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An equid.
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?Procamelus
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?P. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A camelid.
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?Prosthennops
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?P. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A peccary.
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Teleoceras
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T. cf. T. meridianum
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A rhinoceros.
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Ustatochoerus
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U. californicus
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A merycoidodontid.
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U. cf. U. profectus
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A merycoidodontid.
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Reptiles
Birds
Squamates
Squamates reported from the Dove Spring Formation
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Genus |
Species |
Presence
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Material |
Notes |
Images
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Anguidae
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Gen. indet.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A very large anguid lizard.
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Callisaurus
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C. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A zebra-tailed lizard.
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Gerrhonotus
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G. cf. G. kingi
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An alligator lizard.
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Lichanura
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L. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A rosy boa.
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Paleoheterodon
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P. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A colubrid snake.
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Paracoluber
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P. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A colubrid snake.
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Paragerrhonotus
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P. ricardensis
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Kern County, California.[1]
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An anguid lizard.
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Proptychophis
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P. achoris
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Red Rock Canyon State Park, Kern County, California.[1][11]
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Numerous vertebrae & the posterior portion of a right maxilla.[11]
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A colubrid snake.
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Sceloporus
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S. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A large spiny lizard.
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"Thamnophis"
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"T." sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A garter snake.
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Uma
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U. sp.
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Locality LACM 4702.[12]
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A partial & fused premaxilla (LACM 159892).[12]
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A fringe-toed lizard.
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?Uta
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?U. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A side-blotched lizard.
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Xantusia
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X. sp.
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Kern County, California.[1]
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A night lizard.
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Testudines
Amphibians
Fish
Plants
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw Whistler, David P.; Burbank, D. (1992). "Miocene biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Dove Spring Formation, Mojave Desert, California, and characterization of the Clarendonian mammal age (late Miocene) in California". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 104 (6): 644–658. Bibcode:1992GSAB..104..644W. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0644:MBABOT>2.3.CO;2. S2CID 130575409.
- ^ a b c d Tseng, Zhijie J.; Takeuchi, Gary T.; Wang, Xiaoming (2010-01-29). "Discovery of the upper dentition of Barbourofelis whitfordi (Nimravidae, Carnivora) and an evaluation of the genus in California". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 244–254. doi:10.1080/02724630903416001. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 21713508.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Taylor, Beryl E. (1999). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae)". Bulletin of the AMNH (243): 9–391. hdl:2246/1588.
- ^ Hunt, Robert (1998-01-01). "Amphicyonidae". Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum: 196–227.
- ^ a b c d Tedford, Richard H.; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora, Canidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 325). [New York] : American Museum of Natural History. hdl:2246/5999.
- ^ a b Wang, Xiaoming; Whistler, David P.; Takeuchi, Gary T. (2005). "A New Basal Skunk Martinogale (Carnivora, Mephitinae) from Late Miocene Dove Spring Formation, California, and Origin of New World Mephitines". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (4): 936–949. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0936:ANBSMC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524520. S2CID 21747985.
- ^ a b Osborn, Henry Fairfield; Blick, John C.; Frick, Childs (June 1933). "Serbelodon burnhami, a new shovel-tusker from California". American Museum Novitates (639): 1–5. hdl:2246/2061.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Thomas S. Kelly; David P. Whistler (2014). "New late Miocene (latest Clarendonian to early Hemphillian) cricetid rodents from the upper part of the Dove Spring Formation, Mojave Desert, California" (PDF). Paludicola. 10 (1): 1–48.
- ^ a b c d Woodburne, Michael O. (2007). "Phyletic diversification of the Cormohipparion occidentale complex (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae), late Miocene, North America, and the origin of the Old World Hippotherium datum ; Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 306". hdl:2246/5872.
- ^ Prothero, Donald R.; Foss, Scott E. (2007-12-17). The Evolution of Artiodactyls. JHU Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-8018-8735-2.
- ^ a b Whistler, David P.; Wright, John W. (1989). "A Late Miocene Rear-Fanged Colubrid Snake from California with Comments on the Phylogeny of North American Snakes". Herpetologica. 45 (3): 350–367. ISSN 0018-0831. JSTOR 3892892.
- ^ a b Scarpetta, Simon G. (2019-09-06). "The first known fossil Uma: ecological evolution and the origins of North American fringe-toed lizards". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): 178. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1501-5. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 6729053. PMID 31492110.