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Beit Lahia

Coordinates: 31°33′N 34°30′E / 31.550°N 34.500°E / 31.550; 34.500
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Not to be confused with Beit Lahia, Lebanon.

Beit Lahia
City
Arabic transcription(s)
 • Arabicبيت لاهيا
 • LatinBayt Lahiya (official[citation needed])
Official logo of Beit Lahia
Municipal Seal of Beit Lahia
Beit Lahia is located in State of Palestine
Beit Lahia
Beit Lahia
Location of Beit Lahia within Palestine
Coordinates: 31°33′N 34°30′E / 31.550°N 34.500°E / 31.550; 34.500
Palestine grid102/106
State State of Palestine
GovernorateNorth Gaza
Government
 • TypeCity
 • Head of MunicipalityIzz al-Din al-Dahnoun
Population
 (2017)[1]
 • Total
89,838
Name meaning"House of Lahi"[2]
Websitewww.bietlahia.mun.ps
Map

Beit Lahia or Beit Lahiya (Template:Lang-ar) is a city in the Gaza Strip, north of Jabalia, in the North Gaza Governorate of the State of Palestine. It sits next to Beit Hanoun and close to the border with Israel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the city had a population of 89,838 in 2017.[1] The political party Hamas is still administering the city, together with the entire Gaza Strip, after winning the 2005 municipal elections.[citation needed]

Geography

The word "Lahia" is Syriac and means "desert" or "fatigue". It is surrounded by sand dunes, some of which rise to 55 m (180 ft) above sea level. The area is renowned for its many large sycamore fig trees. The city is known for its fresh, sweet water,[clarification needed] berries and citrus trees.[3] According to Edward Henry Palmer, "Lahia" was from "Lahi", a personal name.[2]

History

Beit Lahia has an ancient hill and nearby lay abandoned village ruins.[3] It has been suggested that it was Bethelia, home town of Sozomen, where there was a temple.[4] Ceramics from the Byzantine period have been found.[5] A mihrab, or mosque alcove indicating the direction of salaah (prayer), is all that remains of an ancient mosque to the west of Beit Lahia dating to the end of the Fatimid period and beginning of the Ayyubid Dynasty of Saladin, and two other mosques dating to the Ottoman period.[3]

Yaqut al-Hamawi (d. 1229) described "Bait Lihya" as being located "near Ghazzah", and he further noted that "it is a village with many fruit-trees".[6]

Mamluk period

A marble slab, deposited in the maqam of Salim Abu Musallam in Beit Lahia is inscribed in late Mamluk naskhi letters. It is an epitaph over four sons of the Governor of Gaza, Aqbay al-Ashrafi, who all died in the month of Rajab 897 (=29 April-9 May 1492 CE). It is assumed that the children died of the plague, described by Mujir al-Din, which ravaged Palestine in 1491–2.[7]

Ottoman Empire

In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596, Beit Lahia appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza under the Gaza Sanjak. It had a population of 70 Muslim households and paid a fix tax rate of 25% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and/or beehives.[8]

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the area of Beit Lahia experienced a significant process of settlement decline due to nomadic pressures on local communities. The residents of abandoned villages moved to surviving settlements, but the land continued to be cultivated by neighboring villages.[9]

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Beit Lehia as a Muslim village, located in the Gaza district.[10]

In May 1863 Victor Guérin visited the village. He described it as "peopled by 250 inhabitants, it occupies an oblong valley, well cultivated, and surrounded by high sand-dunes, which cause a great heat. It is a little oasis, incessantly menaced by moving sand-hills, which surround it on every side, and would engulf it were it not for the continued struggle of man to arrest their progress".[11] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Beit Lahia had a population of 394, with a total of 118 houses, though the population count included men only.[12][13]

In 1883 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described it as a "small village with fine gardens and groves of large and ancient olives in the middle of the sand. It has a well to the south [..] There is a small mosque in the village."[4]

Mandatory Palestine

Beit Lahia 1931 1:20,000
Beit Lahia 1945 1:250,000

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Lahia had a population of 871 inhabitants, all Muslims,[14] increasing by the 1931 census to 1,133, still all Muslim, in 223 houses.[15]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Beit Lahiya consisted of 1,700 Muslims[16] and the land area was 38,376 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[17] Of this, 134 dunams were designated for citrus and bananas, 1,765 for plantations and irrigable land, 15,185 for cereals,[18] while 18 dunams were built-up areas.[19]

Post-1948

See also: Operation Days of Penitence (2004)

On 4 January 2005 seven civilian residents of Beit Lahia, including six members of the same family, were killed, with the incident blamed on shelling by Israel Defense Forces (IDF) of the agricultural area where they were working.[citation needed] On 9 June 2006, eight civilians were killed by IDF shells, while picnicking on the northern Gazan beach in Beit Lahia. The dead included seven members of the Ali Ghaliya family.[20] The IDF disputed they were responsible.[21] The town is a frequent target of airstrikes by Israel and has been a battlefield between Israel and Hamas.[when?][citation needed] The Ibrahim al-Maqadna mosque was hit by Israeli missiles in 2009, resulting in 13 deaths.

Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque missile strike occurred on 3 January 2009 as part of the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza War when an Israeli missile hit the Ibrahim al-Maqadna mosque in the Gaza strip during the evening prayers.[22] Witnesses said over 200 Palestinians were praying inside at the time.[23][24] At least 14 people, including six children, were killed, and many more than 60 wounded.[24]

References

  1. ^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  2. ^ a b Palmer, 1881, p. 358
  3. ^ a b c Beit Lahaia Archived 23 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine Municipality of Gaza.
  4. ^ a b Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. 233-234
  5. ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 881
  6. ^ le Strange, 1890, p. 414
  7. ^ Sharon, 1999, pp. 149-151
  8. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 144
  9. ^ Marom, Roy; Taxel, Itamar (1 January 2023). "Ḥamāma: The historical geography of settlement continuity and change in Majdal 'Asqalān's hinterland, 1270 - 1750 CE". Journal of Historical Geography. 82: 49–65. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2023.08.003.
  10. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 118
  11. ^ Guérin, 1869, p. 176, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 234
  12. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 146
  13. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 129 also noted 118 houses
  14. ^ Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Gaza, p. 8
  15. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 2
  16. ^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 31
  17. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 45
  18. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 86
  19. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 136
  20. ^ The Guardian: Death on the beach: seven Palestinians killed as Israeli shells hit family picnic, 10 June 2006
  21. ^ Haaretz: IDF probe: Gaza beach blast not caused by wayward army shell
  22. ^ Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (15 September 2009). "HUMAN RIGHTS IN PALESTINE AND OTHER OCCUPIED ARAB TERRITORIES" (PDF). The Guardian. London. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
  23. ^ Weaver, Matthew (3 January 2009). "Israel fires artillery shells into Gaza". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  24. ^ a b Israeli troops enter Gaza Strip BBC News. 3 January 2009

Bibliography

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