1949 New Zealand general election

1949 New Zealand general election

29 (Māori) & 30 November (general) 1949
All 80 seats in the New Zealand Parliament 41 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout	1,113,852
First party Second party   Leader Sidney Holland Peter Fraser Party National Labour Leader since 26 November 1940 4 April 1940 Leader's seat Fendalton Brooklyn Last election 38 seats, 48.4% 42 seats, 51.3% Seats won 46 34 Seat change 8 8 Popular vote 556,805 506,073 Percentage 51.9% 47.2% Swing 3.5% 4.1%
Prime Minister before election Peter Fraser Labour Elected Prime Minister Sidney Holland National

The 1949 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 29th term. It saw the governing Labour Party defeated by the opposition National Party. This marked the end of the First Labour government and the beginning of the First National government.

Background

The Labour Party had formed its first ministry after winning the 1935 election, and had remained in power (with gradually decreasing majorities) since then. The National Party, formed by a merger of the parties which Labour had originally ousted, gradually increased its power in Parliament; the ineffectual Adam Hamilton was replaced by Sidney Holland, and internal disputes were gradually resolved. The Prime Minister, Peter Fraser, was increasingly weary. Ongoing shortages after World War II also eroded public support for the government. The National Party's decision not to repeal Labour's social welfare policies also increased its appeal.

The election

The date for the main elections was a Wednesday 30 November. Elections to the four Māori electorates were held the day before—the 1949 elections were the last in which Māori voted on a different day. 1,113,852 people were registered to vote, although rolls for the Māori seats were "woefully inadequate." Voter turnout for the elections is disputed, given the problems with the Māori roll—some sources place it at 93.5 percent, while others estimate 92.9 percent. Regardless, the turnout was relatively high for the time. The number of seats being contested was 80, a number which had been fixed since 1902.

Election results

Party standings

The 1949 election saw the governing Labour Party defeated by a twelve-seat margin. It has previously held a four-seat majority. Labour won a total of 34 seats, as opposed to National's 46. The popular vote was considerably closer—Labour won 47.2 percent to National's 51.9 percent. No seats were won by minor party candidates or by independents.

John A. Lee stood for Grey Lynn as the sole Democratic Labour candidate and got 2,627 votes, coming third.

Election results
Party		Candidates	Total votes	Percentage	Seats won	change
Template:Meta color	National	80	556,805	51.88	46	+8
Template:Meta color	Labour	80	506,073	47.16	34	−8
Template:Meta color	Communist	16	3,499	0.33	0	±0
Template:Meta color	Democratic Labour	1	2,627	0.24	0	±0
bgcolor=Template:Independent politician/meta/color|	Others	19	4,150	0.39	0	±0
Total		196	1,073,154		80

Votes summary

Popular Vote National   51.88% Labour   47.16% Others   0.96%

Parliament seats National   57.50% Labour   42.50%

References

• Fraser, S. E. (1967). The 1949 General Election (MA thesis). Dunedin: University of Otago.
• Gustafson, Barry (1986). The First 50 Years : A History of the New Zealand National Party. Auckland: Reed Methuen. ISBN 0-474-00177-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• McLennan, R. (1963). The Last Years of the First Labour Government 1945–1949 (MA thesis). Auckland: University of Auckland.
• Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)