Trochilinae

Trochilinae
Broad-billed Hummingbird male Cynanthus latirostris, Madera Canyon, Arizona
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Subfamily:	Trochilinae Jardine, 1833
Genera
About 100, see text

Trochilinae is a subfamily of the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). Members of the subfamily Trochilinae are sometimes called typical hummingbirds. They typically display iridescent plumage in metallic reds, oranges, greens and/or blues. Strong sexual dimorphism in plumage and size is evident in many species.

Distribution

Hummingbirds in Trochilinae are found in America, from Alaska to the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego. There is great diversity in almost the entire Central American isthmus, Colombia, and Venezuela. The country with the greatest diversity of this species is Ecuador, which has 132 species equivalent to 40% of the world total, however the country with the highest number of these is Colombia with up to 165 species throughout its territory.

Reproduction

Calliope Hummingbird (Stellula calliope) female feeding two chicks

To court the interest of the female, the male performs a dance. After the females have been fertilized, they build a small nest lined internally with spider web, cotton, lichen or moss. The nest is often built in a low bush. The female lays two eggs in a period of two days and hatches within 14 to 19 days. Then, the hummingbirds feed their young for about three to four weeks at this time the female travels from the nest up to 140 times a day to feed her young.

Taxonomic list

Image	Genus	Living species
	Androdon	Tooth-billed hummingbird, Androdon aequatorialis
	Doryfera	Green-fronted lancebill, Doryfera ludovicae Blue-fronted lancebill, Doryfera johannae
	Phaeochroa	Scaly-breasted hummingbird, Phaeochroa cuvierii
	Campylopterus	Curve-winged sabrewing, Campylopterus curvipennis Wedge-tailed sabrewing, Campylopterus pampa Long-tailed sabrewing, Campylopterus excellens Gray-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus largipennis Rufous sabrewing, Campylopterus rufus Violet sabrewing, Campylopterus hemileucurus Rufous-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus hyperythrus White-tailed sabrewing, Campylopterus ensipennis Lazuline sabrewing, Campylopterus falcatus Santa Marta sabrewing, Campylopterus phainopeplus Napo sabrewing, Campylopterus villaviscensio Dry-forest sabrewing, Campylopterus calcirupicola Buff-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus duidae
	Eupetomena	Swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macrourus
	Florisuga	White-necked jacobin, Florisuga mellivora Black jacobin, Florisuga fuscus
	Colibri	Brown violetear, Colibri delphinae Mexican violetear, Colibri thalassinus Lesser violetear, Colibri cyanotus Sparkling violetear, Colibri coruscans White-vented violetear, Colibri serrirostris
	Anthracothorax	Green-throated mango, Anthracothorax viridigula Green-breasted mango, Anthracothorax prevostii Black-throated mango, Anthracothorax nigricollis Veraguan mango, Anthracothorax veraguensis Antillean mango, Anthracothorax dominicus Green mango, Anthracothorax viridis Jamaican mango, Anthracothorax mango
	Avocettula	Fiery-tailed awlbill, Avocettula recurvirostris
	Topaza	Crimson topaz, Topaza pella Fiery topaz, Topaza pyra'
	Eulampis	Purple-throated carib, Eulampis jugularis Green-throated carib, Eulampis holosericeus
	Chrysolampis	Ruby-topaz hummingbird, Chrysolampis mosquitus
	Orthorhyncus	Antillean crested hummingbird, Orthorhyncus cristatus
	Klais	Violet-headed hummingbird, Klais guimeti
	Stephanoxis	Green-crowned plovercrest (Stephanoxis lalandi) Purple-crowned plovercrest (Stephanoxis loddigesii)
	Abeillia	Emerald-chinned hummingbird, Abeillia abeillei
	Lophornis	Tufted coquette, Lophornis ornatus Dot-eared coquette, Lophornis gouldii Frilled coquette, Lophornis magnificus Short-crested coquette, Lophornis brachylophus Rufous-crested coquette, Lophornis delattrei Spangled coquette, Lophornis stictolophus Festive coquette, Lophornis chalybeus Peacock coquette, Lophornis pavoninus Black-crested coquette, Lophornis helenae White-crested coquette, Lophornis adorabilis
	Discosura	Wire-crested thorntail, Discosura popelairii Black-bellied thorntail, Discosura langsdorffi Coppery thorntail, Discosura letitiae (possibly extinct) Green thorntail, Discosura conversii Racket-tailed coquette, Discosura longicauda
	Trochilus	Green-and-black streamertail, Trochilus polytmus Black-billed streamertail, Trochilus scitulus
	Chlorestes	Blue-chinned sapphire, Chlorestes notata
	Chlorostilbon	Blue-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon mellisugus Golden-crowned emerald, Chlorostilbon auriceps Cozumel emerald, Chlorostilbon forficatus Canivet's emerald, Chlorostilbon canivetii Garden emerald, Chlorostilbon assimilis Glittering-bellied emerald, Chlorostilbon lucidus Chiribiquete emerald, Chlorostilbon olivaresi Cuban emerald, Chlorostilbon ricordii Brace's emerald, Chlorostilbon bracei (extinct) Gould's emerald, Chlorostilbon elegans (extinct) Hispaniolan emerald, Chlorostilbon swainsonii Puerto Rican emerald, Chlorostilbon maugaeus Coppery emerald, Chlorostilbon russatus Narrow-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon stenurus Green-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon alice Short-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon poortmani
	Basilinna	Xantus's hummingbird, Basilinna xantusii White-eared hummingbird, Basilinna leucotis
	Elvira	White-tailed emerald, Elvira chionura Coppery-headed emerald, Elvira cupreiceps
	Eupherusa	Blue-capped hummingbird, Eupherusa cyanophrys White-tailed hummingbird, Eupherusa poliocerca Stripe-tailed hummingbird, Eupherusa eximia Black-bellied hummingbird, Eupherusa nigriventris
	Goethalsia	Rufous-cheeked hummingbird, Goethalsia bella
	Goldmania	Violet-capped hummingbird, Goldmania violiceps
	Cynanthus	Dusky hummingbird, Cynanthus sordidus Broad-billed hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris Blue-headed hummingbird, Cyanophaia bicolor
	Thalurania	Violet-crowned woodnymph, Thalurania colombica Mexican woodnymph, Thalurania ridgwayi Green-crowned woodnymph, Thalurania fannyi Fork-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania furcata Long-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania watertonii Violet-capped woodnymph, Thalurania glaucopis
	Damophila	Violet-bellied hummingbird, Damophila julie
	Lepidopyga	Sapphire-throated hummingbird, Lepidopyga coeruleogularis Sapphire-bellied hummingbird, Lepidopyga lilliae Shining-green hummingbird, Lepidopyga goudoti
	Hylocharis	Blue-throated goldentail, Hylocharis eliciae Rufous-throated sapphire, Hylocharis sapphirina White-chinned sapphire, Hylocharis cyanus Gilded sapphire, Hylocharis chrysura Blue-headed sapphire, Hylocharis grayi
	Chrysuronia	Golden-tailed sapphire, Chrysuronia oenone
	Leucochloris	White-throated hummingbird, Leucochloris albicollis
	Polytmus	White-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus guainumbi Tepui goldenthroat, Polytmus milleri Green-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus theresiae
	Leucippus	Buffy hummingbird, Leucippus fallax Tumbes hummingbird, Leucippus baeri Spot-throated hummingbird, Leucippus taczanowskii Olive-spotted hummingbird, Leucippus chlorocercus White-bellied hummingbird, Leucippus chionogaster Green-and-white hummingbird, Leucippus viridicauda Many-spotted hummingbird, Leucippus hypostictus
	Amazilia	Rufous-tailed hummingbird, Amazilia tzacatl Chestnut-bellied hummingbird, Amazilia castaneiventris Amazilia hummingbird, Amazilia amazilia Loja hummingbird, Amazilia alticola Buff-bellied hummingbird, Amazilia yucatanensis Cinnamon hummingbird, Amazilia rutila Honduran emerald, Amazilia luciae
	Agyrtria	Plain-bellied emerald, Agyrtria leucogaster Versicolored emerald, Agyrtria versicolor Rondonia emerald, Agyrtria rondoniae White-chested emerald, Agyrtria brevirostris Andean emerald, Agyrtria franciae White-bellied emerald, Agyrtria candida Azure-crowned hummingbird, Agyrtria cyanocephala Violet-crowned hummingbird, Agyrtria violiceps Green-fronted hummingbird, Agyrtria viridifrons
	Polyerata	Sapphire-spangled emerald, Polyerata lactea Glittering-throated emerald, Polyerata fimbriata Blue-chested hummingbird, Polyerata amabilis Charming hummingbird, Polyerata decora Purple-chested hummingbird, Polyerata rosenbergi Mangrove hummingbird, Polyerata boucardi Honduran emerald, Polyerata luciae
	Saucerottia	Steely-vented hummingbird, Saucerottia saucerrottei Indigo-capped hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanifrons Alfaro's hummingbird, Saucerottia alfaroana (probably extinct) Snowy-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia edward Blue-tailed hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanura Berylline hummingbird, Saucerottia beryllina Green-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia viridigaster Copper-tailed hummingbird, Saucerottia cupreicauda Copper-rumped hummingbird, Saucerottia tobaci
	Panterpe	fiery-throated hummingbird
	Oreopyra	White-bellied mountaingem, Oreopyra hemileucus (recently split from Lampornis)
	Microchera	snowcap, Microchera albocoronata
	Anthocephala	Santa Marta blossomcrown, Anthocephala floriceps Andean blossomcrown, Anthocephala berlepschi
	Chalybura	White-vented plumeleteer, Chalybura buffonii Bronze-tailed plumeleteer, Chalybura urochrysia
	Lampornis	Blue-throated mountaingem, Lampornis clemenciae Amethyst-throated mountaingem, Lampornis amethystinus Red-throated mountangem, Lampornis (amethystinus) salvini Green-throated mountaingem, Lampornis viridipallens Green-breasted mountaingem, Lampornis sybillae Purple-throated mountaingem, Lampornis calolaemus White-throated mountaingem, Lampornis castaneoventris Gray-tailed mountaingem, Lampornis castaneoventris cinereicauda
	Phlogophilus	Ecuadorian piedtail, Phlogophilus hemileucurus Peruvian piedtail, Phlogophilus harterti
	Adelomyia	speckled hummingbird
	Clytolaema	Brazilian ruby
	Heliodoxa	Gould's jewelfront, Heliodoxa aurescens Fawn-breasted brilliant, Heliodoxa rubinoides Violet-fronted brilliant, Heliodoxa leadbeateri Velvet-browed brilliant, Heliodoxa xanthogonys Black-throated brilliant, Heliodoxa schreibersii Pink-throated brilliant, Heliodoxa gularis Rufous-webbed brilliant, Heliodoxa branickii Empress brilliant, Heliodoxa imperatrix Green-crowned brilliant, Heliodoxa jacula
	Lamprolaima	Garnet-throated hummingbird, Lamprolaima rhami
	Eugenes	Rivoli's hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens) Talamanca hummingbird (Eugenes spectabilis)
	Hylonympha	Scissor-tailed hummingbird, Hylonympha macrocerca
	Sternoclyta	violet-chested hummingbird
	Urochroa	Rufous-gaped hillstar, Urochroa bougueri Green-backed hillstar, Urochroa leucura
	Boissonneaua	Chestnut-breasted coronet, Boissonneaua matthewsii Buff-tailed coronet, Boissonneaua flavescens Velvet-purple coronet, Boissonneaua jardini
	Aglaeactis	Shining sunbeam, Aglaeactis cupripennis White-tufted sunbeam, Aglaeactis castelnaudii Purple-backed sunbeam, Aglaeactis aliciae Black-hooded sunbeam, Aglaeactis pamela
	Oreotrochilus	Andean hillstar, Oreotrochilus estella Green-headed hillstar, Oreotrochilus stolzmanni Blue-throated hillstar, Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus Chimborazo hillstar, Oreotrochilus chimborazo White-sided hillstar, Oreotrochilus leucopleurus Black-breasted hillstar, Oreotrochilus melanogaster Wedge-tailed hillstar, Oreotrochilus adela
	Lafresnaya	Mountain velvetbreast, Lafresnaya lafresnayi
	Coeligena	Bronzy inca, Coeligena coeligena Brown inca, Coeligena wilsoni Black inca, Coeligena prunellei Collared inca, Coeligena torquata Gould's inca, Coeligena torquata inca White-tailed starfrontlet, Coeligena phalerata Golden-bellied starfrontlet, Coeligena bonapartei Golden starfrontlet, Coeligena bonapartei eos Blue-throated starfrontlet, Coeligena helianthea Buff-winged starfrontlet, Coeligena lutetiae Violet-throated starfrontlet, Coeligena violifer Rainbow starfrontlet, Coeligena iris Dusky starfrontlet, Coeligena orina
	Ensifera	Sword-billed hummingbird, Ensifera ensifera
	Pterophanes	Great sapphirewing, Pterophanes cyanopterus
	Patagona	giant hummingbird
	Sephanoides	Green-backed firecrown, Sephanoides sephaniodes Juan Fernández firecrown, Sephanoides fernandensis Alejandro Selkirk firecrown, Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi – extinct (1908)
	Heliangelus	Longuemare's sunangel, Heliangelus clarisse Orange-throated sunangel, Heliangelus mavors Amethyst-throated sunangel, Heliangelus amethysticollis Gorgeted sunangel, Heliangelus strophianus Tourmaline sunangel, Heliangelus exortis Flame-throated sunangel, Heliangelus micrastur Purple-throated sunangel, Heliangelus viola Royal sunangel, Heliangelus regalis Bogota sunangel, Heliangelus zusii (probably extinct)
	Haplophaedia	Greenish puffleg, Haplophaedia aureliae Buff-thighed puffleg, Haplophaedia assimilis Hoary puffleg, Haplophaedia lugens
	Urosticte	Purple-bibbed whitetip, Urosticte benjamini Rufous-vented whitetip, Urosticte ruficrissa
	Lesbia	Black-tailed trainbearer, Lesbia victoriae Green-tailed trainbearer, Lesbia nuna
	Sappho	red-tailed comet
	Polyonymus	Bronze-tailed comet, Polyonymus caroli
	Ramphomicron	Purple-backed thornbill, Ramphomicron microrhynchum Black-backed thornbill, Ramphomicron dorsale
	Oreonympha	Bearded mountaineer, Oreonympha nobilis
	Oxypogon	White-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon lindenii Green-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon guerinii Blue-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon cyanolaemus Buffy helmetcrest, Oxypogon stuebelii
	Metallura	Tyrian metaltail, Metallura tyrianthina Perija metaltail, Metallura iracunda Scaled metaltail, Metallura aeneocauda Fiery-throated metaltail, Metallura eupogon Coppery metaltail, Metallura theresiae Neblina metaltail, Metallura odomae Violet-throated metaltail, Metallura baroni Viridian metaltail, Metallura williami Black metaltail, Metallura phoebe
	Chalcostigma	Rufous-capped thornbill, Chalcostigma ruficeps Olivaceous thornbill, Chalcostigma olivaceum Blue-mantled thornbill, Chalcostigma stanleyi Bronze-tailed thornbill, Chalcostigma heteropogon Rainbow-bearded thornbill, Chalcostigma herrani
	Opisthoprora	Mountain avocetbill, Opisthoprora euryptera
	Taphrolesbia	Gray-bellied comet, Taphrolesbia griseiventris
	Aglaiocercus	Long-tailed sylph, Aglaiocercus kingi Violet-tailed sylph, Aglaiocercus coelestis Venezuelan sylph, Aglaiocercus berlepschi
	Augastes	Hyacinth visorbearer, Augastes scutatus Hooded visorbearer, Augastes lumachella
	Schistes	Geoffroy's wedgebill, Schistes geoffroyi White-throated wedgebill, Schistes albogularis
	Heliothryx	Purple-crowned fairy, Heliothryx barroti Black-eared fairy, Heliothryx aurita
	Heliactin	horned sungem, Heliactin bilophus
	Loddigesia	marvelous spatuletail, Loddigesia mirabilis
	Heliomaster	Plain-capped starthroat, Heliomaster constantii Long-billed starthroat, Heliomaster longirostris Stripe-breasted starthroat, Heliomaster squamosus Blue-tufted starthroat, Heliomaster furcifer
	Rhodopis	Oasis hummingbird, Rhodopis vesper
	Thaumastura	Peruvian sheartail, Thaumastura cora
	Tilmatura	Sparkling-tailed woodstar, Tilmatura dupontii
	Doricha	Slender sheartail, Doricha enicura Mexican sheartail, Doricha eliza
	Calliphlox	Bahama woodstar, Calliphlox evelynae Inagua woodstar, Calliphlox lyrura Magenta-throated woodstar, Calliphlox bryantae Purple-throated woodstar, Calliphlox mitchellii Amethyst woodstar, Calliphlox amethystina
	Microstilbon	Slender-tailed woodstar, Microstilbon burmeisteri
	Calothorax	Lucifer hummingbird, Calothorax lucifer Beautiful hummingbird, Calothorax pulcher
	Mellisuga	Vervain hummingbird, Mellisuga minima Bee hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae
	Archilochus	Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris Black-chinned hummingbird, Archilochus alexandri
	Calypte	Anna's hummingbird, Calypte anna Costa's hummingbird, Calypte costae
	Atthis	Bumblebee hummingbird, Atthis heloisa Wine-throated hummingbird, Atthis ellioti
	Myrtis	Purple-collared woodstar, Myrtis fanny
	Eulidia	Chilean woodstar, Eulidia yarrellii
	Myrmia	Short-tailed woodstar, Myrmia micrura
	Chaetocercus	White-bellied woodstar, Chaetocercus mulsant Little woodstar, Chaetocercus bombus Gorgeted woodstar, Chaetocercus heliodor Santa Marta woodstar, Chaetocercus astreans Esmeraldas woodstar, Chaetocercus berlepschi Rufous-shafted woodstar, Chaetocercus jourdanii
	Selasphorus	Scintillant hummingbird, Selasphorus scintilla Glow-throated hummingbird, Selasphorus ardens Volcano hummingbird, Selasphorus flammula Broad-tailed hummingbird, Selasphorus platycercus Rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus Allen's hummingbird, Selasphorus sasin Calliope hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope

See also

• Phaethornithinae (the other subfamily of Trochilidae)

External Links

• Media related to Trochilinae at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Trochilinae at Wikispecies