List of South-West Indian Ocean intense tropical cyclones
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Intense tropical cyclone is the second-highest classification used within the South-West Indian Ocean to classify tropical cyclones with and are amongst the strongest tropical cyclones that can form on Earth. A total of 101 tropical cyclones have peaked as an intense tropical cyclone while in the South-West Indian Ocean, which is denoted as the part of the Indian Ocean to the south of the equator and to the west of 90°E. The most recent intense tropical cyclone was Cyclone Irondro of the 2019-20 season.
Background
The South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the south of the Equator between Africa and 90°E.[1] The basin is officially monitored by Meteo France's tropical cyclone centre on the island of Reunion (MFR, RSMC La Reunion). In addition, the Mauritius Meteorological Service and the Madagascan Direction Generale de la Meteorologie are classified as subregional tropical cyclone advisory centres and are responsible for monitoring and naming tropical cyclones in consultation with RSMC La Reunion.[1] Other meteorological services such as the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Mauritius Meteorological Service as well as the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center also monitor the basin.[1] Within the basin an intense tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that has 10-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds between 90–115 knots (165–215 km/h; 105–130 mph).[1]
Systems
Name | Dates as an intense tropical cyclone |
Duration | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aurore | November 21, 1977 | 12 hours | 170 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [2] |
Celine | February 9 - 10, 1979 | 12 hours | 170 km/h (110 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Mauritius, Reunion, Rodrigues | None | Unknown | [3][4] |
Idylle | April 7 – 13, 1979 | 6 days 18 hours | 175 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Western Australia | None | Minor | [5][6] |
Albine | November 30, 1979 | Unknown | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [7] |
Viola-Claudette | December 15 – 19, 1979 | 3 days 6 hours | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | St. Brandon, Mauritius, Réunion | 5 | $175 million | [8][9][10][11] |
Chris-Damia | January 9 – 16, 1982 | 6 days 12 hours | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 898 hPa (26.52 inHg) | Rodrigues, Mauritius | 0 | $650,000 | [12][13] |
Karla | April 30 – May 2, 1982 | 2 days | 170 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [14] |
Andry | December 9 – 12, 1983 | 2 days 18 hours | 170 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Agaléga, Madagascar | 1 | Extensive | [15][16][17] |
Bakoly | December 23, 1983 | 12 hours | 170 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | None | $21 million | [18] |
Jaminy | February 16 – 17, 1984 | 1 day 6 hours | 170 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [19] |
Kamisy | April 8, 1984 | 18 hours | 170 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Seychelles | 69 | $250 million | [20] |
Erinesta | February 4 - 5, 1986 | 1 day | 170 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | Tromelin Island, Madagascar, Réunion | None | None | [21] |
Gasitao | March 20, 1988 | 6 hours | 170 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [22][23] |
Walter-Gregoara | March 17 – 18, 1990 | 1 day 12 hours | 170 km/h (105 mph) | 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [24] |
Harriet-Heather | March 2 – 3, 1992 | 12 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [25] |
Edwina | March 2 – 3, 1992 | 2 days 6 hours | 170 km/h (105 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Rodrigues, Mauritius, Réunion | None | None | [26] |
Jourdanne | April 6 – 7, 1993 | 12 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [27] |
Geralda | January 30 – February 2, 1994 |
2 days 12 hours | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | Madagascar | 231 | 10 million | [28][29] |
Litanne | March 11, 1994 | 1 day | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | St. Brandon, Madagascar | 0 | None | [30] |
Nadia | March 22, 1994 | 1 day | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Mozambique, Malawi | 252 | $20.2 million | [31][32][33] |
Odille | April 11 – 12, 1994 | 1 day | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | St. Brandon, Rodrigues | None | Unknown | [34] |
Albertine | November 28 – 29, 1994 | 18 hours | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Diego Garcia, Rodrigues | None | Unknown | [35] |
Dorina | January 21 – 22, 1995 | 1 day 6 hours | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Rodrigues | 0 | None | [36] |
Marlene | April 3 - 4, 1995 | 1 day 12 hours | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [37] |
Daryl-Agnielle | November 20 – 21, 1995 | 1 day 6 hours | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [38] |
Bonita | January 8 – 9, 1996 | 1 day | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Madagascar, Mozambique Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola |
42 | Unknown | [39][40][41][42] |
Itelle | April 12 – 14, 1996 | 2 days | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [43] |
Melanie-Bellamine | November 4 – 5, 1996 | 1 day 6 hours | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [44] |
Daniella | December 5 – 7, 1996 | 1 day 18 hours | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | 3 | Unknown | [45][46][47][48] |
Davina | March 7 – 8, 1999 | 1 day 6 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Rodrigues, Mauritius, Réunion | 2 | Minor | [49][50][51][52] |
Frederic-Evrina | April 1, 1999 | 18 hours | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [53] |
Connie | January 27 – 29, 2000 | 1 day 18 hours | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion, Mozambique | 3 | None | [54][55][56][57] |
Leon-Eline | February 17 & 22, 2000 | 18 hours | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Madagascar, Mozambique | 114-722 | $309 million | [58][59][32][60][61][62] |
Ando | January 5 - 7, 2001 | 3 days | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Seychelles, Mauritius, Réunion | 2 | None | [63][64][65][66] |
Charly | January 22 – 23, 2001 | 1 day | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Rodrigues, Mauritius, Réunion | 0 | None | [64][66][67] |
Dina | January 19 – 23, 2002 | 4 days 6 hours | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | 15 | $287 million | [68][69][70][71][72][73] |
Francesca | February 4 – 5, 2002 | 1 day | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [74] |
Gillaume | February 18 – 21, 2002 | 3 days | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Madagascar, Comoros Mauritius, Réunion |
0 | Unknown | [69][75] |
Ikala | March 27, 2002 | 12 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [76] |
Gerry | February 13, 2003 | 18 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | 1 | Unknown | [77][78][79][80] |
Japhet | March 1, 2003 | 1 day | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe | 25 | Unknown | [81][78][82][83][84] |
Kalunde | March 7 – 11, 2003 | 3 days 6 hours | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | Rodrigues | None | $3.15 million | [85][86][87] |
Beni | November 13, 2003 | 12 hours | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Mascarene Islands | 0 | None | [88] |
Frank | January 30 – 31, 2004 | 18 hours | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [89] |
Bento | November 23 – 25, 2004 | 2 days 6 hours | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [90] |
Ernest | January 22, 2005 | 12 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Mayotte, Madagascar | 78 | Unknown | [91] |
Bertie-Alvin | November 24, 2005 | 18 hours | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [92] |
Carina | February 27 – March 1, 2006 | 1 day 18 hours | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [93] |
Bondo | December 19 – 21, 2006 | 1 day 18 hours | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Madagascar, Mozambique | 11 | None | [94][95][96][97] |
Dora | February 2 - 4, 2007 | 1 day 18 hours | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Rodrigues | 0 | None | [98][99] |
Favio | February 20 – 22, 2007 | 2 days 12 hours | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Mozambique, Madagascar | 10 | $71 million | [100][101][102][95][103][104] |
Gamede | February 25 – 26, 2007 | 18 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Mascarene Islands | 4 | [105][95][106][107][108][109] | |
Indlala | March 14 – 15, 2007 | 18 hours | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Madagascar | 150 | $240 million | [110][111][112][113] |
Jaya | March 31 – April 2, 2007 | 1 day | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Madagascar | 1 | None | [114] |
Hondo | February 6 – 10, 2008 | 3 days 6 hours | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | 0 | Minimal | [115] |
Ivan | February 16 – 17, 2008 | 18 hours | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Madagascar | 93 | $300 million | [116] |
Jokwe | March 7 – 8, 2008 | 18 hours | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Madagascar, Mozambique | 16 | $80 million | [117] |
Kamba | March 10, 2008 | 1 day | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [118] |
Fanele | January 20 – 21, 2009 | 1 day | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Madagascar | 2 | None | [119] |
Gael | February 6 – 8, 2009 | 1 day 18 hours | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Madagascar | 2 | None | [120][121][122] |
Anja | November 15 - 16, 2009 | 12 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [123] |
Cleo | December 8, 2009 | 18 hours | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [124] |
Gelane | February 19 – 20, 2010 | 1 day | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar | None | None | [125] |
Funso | January 23 – 25, 2012 | 1 day 12 hours | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Mozambique, Malawi | 40 | Unknown | [126][127][128] |
Giovanna | February 10 – 11, 2012 | 18 hours | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion, Madagascar | 35 | Unknown | [129] |
Anais | October 14 – 15, 2012 | 1 day | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Madagascar | None | None | [130] |
Claudia | December 6 – 10, 2012 | 18 hours | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [131] |
Felleng | January 30, 2013 | 18 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Seychelles, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion | 9 | Unknown | [132] |
Amara | December 19 - 21, 2013 | 3 days | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Rodrigues | None | None | [133] |
Bejisa | December 30 – 31, 2013 | 1 day | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Seychelles, Réunion, Mauritius | 1 | $89.2 million | [134] |
Colin | January 11 – 12, 2014 | 1 day | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [135] |
Kate | December 30, 2014 | 6 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [136] |
Uriah | February 17 – 18, 2016 | 18 hours | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [137] |
Emeraude | March 17, 2016 | 18 hours | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [138] |
Enawo | March 6 – 7, 2017 | 1 day | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) | Madagascar, Réunion | 96 | $50 million | [139] |
Berguitta | January 15, 2018 | 18 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | 1 | $26.5 million | [140][141][142][143][144] |
Cebile | January 29 – February 2, 2018 | 2 days 12 hours | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [140] |
Dumazile | March 5, 2018 | 6 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Madagascar, Réunion | 0 | Unknown | [145][146] |
Alcide | November 8, 2018 | 6 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Madagascar | 0 | None | [147] |
Kenanga | December 19, 2018 | 1 day | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 942 hPa (27.82 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [148] |
Cilida | December 20 – 22, 2018 | 1 day 18 hours | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mauritius | 0 | Minimal | [149][150][151] |
Funani | February 7 – 8, 2019 | 1 day | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Rodrigues | 0 | Minimal | [152] |
Gelena | February 9 – 10, 2019 | 1 day 12 hours | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 942 hPa (27.82 inHg) | Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues | 0 | $1 million | [153][154] |
Haleh | March 4 – 5, 2019 | 18 hours | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [155] |
Idai | March 11, 2019 | 18 hours | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mozambique, Malawi Madagascar, Zimbabwe |
1303 | $2.2 billion | [156][157][158] |
Joanhina | March 25 – 28, 2019 | 3 days 6 hours | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 939 hPa (27.73 inHg) | Rodrigues | 0 | $10.5 million | [159][160] |
Kenneth | April 25, 2019 | 18 hours | 215 km/h (125 mph) | 934 hPa (27.58 inHg) | Seychelles, Madagascar, Comoros, Mozambique, Tanzania, Malawi | 52 | $100 million | [161] |
Herold | March 17, 2020 | 6 hours | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 957 hPa (28.26 inHg) | Madagascar, Mascarene Islands | 5 | Unknown | [162][163][164] |
Irondro | April 4, 2020 | 6 hours | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | No land areas | None | None | [165] |
Other systems
In addition to the systems listed above the Mauritius Meteorological Service classifies tropical cyclones in March 1931, January 1945, February 1945, January and February 1946, April 1958 as intense tropical cyclones.[166] It also classifies Alix 1960, Carol 1960, Beryl 1961, Jenny 1962, Danielle 1964, Louise 1970, Gervaise 1975, Fleur 1978, Hyacinthe 1980, Jacinthe 1980, Laure 1980, Florine 1981, Hollanda 1994 as intense tropical cyclones.[166]
Systems classified as an ITC per the BOM
- Cyclone Jane-Irna 1992 - 110 kts.[167]
Savannah 2019 weakened into a tropical cyclone as it moved into the basin from the Australian region.[168]
Climatology
Month | Number of storms |
---|---|
January | |
February | |
March | |
April | |
May | |
June | |
July | |
August | |
September | |
October | |
November | |
December |
Decade | Number of storms |
---|---|
1970s | |
1980s | |
1990s | |
2000s | |
2010s | |
2020s |
See also
References
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- ^ Hurricane Celine, 31 January-12 February. National Climatic Data Center (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. 1996. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
- ^ 1979 Intense Tropical Cyclone Idylle (1979094S10073) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
- ^ Severe Tropical Cyclone Idylle (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
- ^ http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4274123/FID1030/DATA/TROPIC/SWI_NAR/1979_12.NAR
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ignored (help) - ^ "1982 Intense Tropical Cyclone Karla (1982113S06085)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
- ^ "1983 Intense Tropical Cyclone Andry (1983339S10065)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
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- ^ "1984 Intense Tropical Cyclone Bakoly (1983353S08070)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
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