Pore Mosulishvili
Pore Mosulishvili | |
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Nickname(s) | Pore |
Born | Kvemo Machkhaani, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire (now Georgia) | July 20, 1916
Died | December 3, 1944 Lesa, Novara, Italian Social Republic (now Italy) | (aged 28)
Buried | |
Allegiance | ![]() ![]() |
Years of service | 1939–1944 |
Rank | Starshina |
Commands | 2nd Battalion of Brigade "Servadei" |
Battles/wars | World War II |
Awards | Hero of the Soviet Union Order of Lenin Gold Medal of Military Valor |
Pore Mosulishvili (IPA: [pʰɔrɛ mɔsuliʃvili]; Georgian: ფორე მოსულიშვილი; Russian: Христофор Николаевич Мосулишвили, Khristophor Nikolaievich Mosulishvili; Italian: Pore Mossulishvili; July 20, 1916 – December 3, 1944) was a Soviet soldier of Georgian origin and partisan in the Italian resistance movement during the World War II. He was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valor and the title Hero of the Soviet Union[1] for his heroic self-sacrifice.
Life
Krist'epore Nikolozi Mosulishvili was born in village Kvemo Machkhaani, near the town Sighnaghi in eastern Georgian historic region of Kakheti. After graduating from technical high school, he worked in local kolkhoz.
In 1939 Pore was recruited in the Red Army. When the Germans invaded the Soviet Union, he completed his duty with great distinction, and was given a field promotion to non-commissioned officer. But in 1944 was taken as prisoner by the Wehrmacht. He was transferred to Italy with other Soviet and Czechoslovak prisoners.
Member of resistance in Italy
In Stresa he managed to contact with partisans of the 118th Garibaldian Brigade "Remo Servadei" and in September 7, 1944 made contact with another 36 Soviet-Georgian prisoners who fought along with the Italian resistance. The Georgians formed the 2nd battalion of the 118th partisan brigade and quickly gained a reputation for their toughness. From October 9 to October 14 they took part in the defence of the republican partisan of Ossola.[2] In October 26, 1944 2nd Battalion led a fight against a train and killed 23 supporters of the Fascist Republic of Salo.[3]
In November 1944 the Fascists decided to unleash a violent counter-offensive in the area of the Mottarone-Vergante, in low Verbano, operative sector of the Brigade Servadei. This caused the partisans to separate into small groups, in an attempt to avoid reprisals.
Death
In December 3, 1944, Pore Mosulishvili, together with sixteen partisans, were surrounded by German forces. Nazis stated that if the commander surrendered, the others would be spared, otherwise everyone would be killed. The commander of group, named Edo del Gratta, didn't react. Mosulishvili, already wounded, told comrades to disarm and discard their weapons, exited the hut and told Germans: I am the Commander, but I prefer death to captivity! Then he shouted: Viva l'Italia! Viva i partigiani! Viva liberta! ("Long live to Italy! Live the partisans! Living freedom!"), put revolver to his throat and pulled the trigger. Although his comrades were subsequently taken prisoners, his self–sacrifice enabled to save their lives, as they were few months later, in April 1945, liberated by other partisan detachments.
Pore Mosulishvili is buried in town Arona.
Awards
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Hero of the Soviet Union (№ 11620) |
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Order of Lenin |
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Order of the Patriotic War (1st Class) |
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Order of Glory (3rd Class) |
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Medal of Military Valour (1st Class, Italy 1970) |
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Garibaldi Partisan Star (Italy) |
Places named after Pore Mosulishvili
Italy Museo Baita della Libertà (Belgirate))[4]
Italy Via P. Musolishvili - 28832 Belgirate (Vb)
Georgia Pore Mosulishvili House Museum
Georgia Pore Mosulishvili street in Tbilisi[5]
Notes
- ^ (russian) Кто был кто Archived 2012-07-15 at archive.today
- ^ "E-Book: Il Partigiano D'Artagnan: By Alberto Cotti". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-09-06.
- ^ Book: War In Italy: By Richard Lamb
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2011-09-06.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ http://map.ge/index.php?cid=9#top Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine
References
- Il fascino del leggendario. Moscatelli e Beltrami: miti resistenti , Filippo Colombara, in "l'impegno" a.XXVI n. 1, Istituto per la storia della Resistenza e della società contemporanea nelle province di Biella e Vercelli, 2006 (in Italian)
- Eduard Sikharulidze - სიკვდილითა სიკვდილისა დამთრგუნველი, Tbilisi, Sabtcota sakartvelo, 1988, ISBN 5-529-00329-X (in Georgian)
- თოვლიანი დღის ნათელში (მოთხრობა-მენიპეა) (in Georgian)
- Miho Mosulishvili, Light of snow day, 2006 (in Russian)
- Кавалери ордена славы трёх степеней. Биограф. словарь. М.: Воениздат. 2000 (in Russian)
External links
- Pore Musolishvili (in Italian) – an entry on website of the National Association of Partisans of Italy (Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia)
- The photographies of the resistance (in Italian)
- 1916 births
- 1944 deaths
- People of World War II from Georgia (country)
- Military personnel from Georgia (country)
- Italian military personnel who committed suicide
- Georgian military personnel who committed suicide
- Soviet military personnel killed in World War II
- Heroes of the Soviet Union
- Recipients of the Gold Medal of Military Valor
- Italy–Soviet Union relations
- Recipients of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class
- Recipients of the Order of Glory