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Iris vorobievii

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Iris vorobievii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Iris
Section: Iris sect. Psammiris
Species:
I. vorobievii
Binomial name
Iris vorobievii
Synonyms[1]

None known

Iris vorobievii is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Russia close to the Chinese border. It has long and thin green leaves, similar sized stem and pale yellow or bright yellow flowers with a pale yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Description

It is a species similar in form to Iris humilis.[2]

It has a short (about 1–1.6 cm (0–1 in) long), thick (about 1.3 cm) and ovoid (in shape) rhizome.[3][4] The rhizome produces 2-3 buds or short branches, but after the plant has flowered, the main rhizome dies. So the plant does not like other rhizomatous irises form creeping plants.[4][5] Under the rhizome are thick secondary roots,[2][3][4] that are slightly branched, 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long and 2 mm wide.[4] On top of the rhizome, are the fibrous remains of last seasons leaves.[2][3]

It has linear or ensiform (sword shaped), green, basal (growing from the base) leaves.[2][3][4] They can grow up to between 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long and 1.8–2 cm wide.[2][3][4]

They are almost equal in length to the stem.[3] It has erect stems that can grow up to between 35 cm (14 in) long.[3]

The stem holds 1 or 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers,[3] in May.[3][4]

The flowers are 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in diameter,[3] and come in shades of yellow, from pale yellow,[2][3] to bright yellow.[4]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[6] The falls have dark brown veining,[2][4] and in the centre, a pale yellow beard.[2][3]

After the iris has flowered, between June to July,[3][4] it produces a seed capsule, that is 5.5 cm (2 in) long and 1.7 cm wide.[3] It also has a 5mm long spout (or appendage).[3]

Biochemistry

In 2008, a chromosomal study was carried out on various iris species within Russia. It found out that Iris vorobievii had a count of 2n=14.[7]

In 2009, a study was carried out on the molecular DNA markers of populations of Iris vorobievii, Iris mandshurica and Iris humilis within Primorye, Russia. It confirmed that the three irises were separate species.[8][9]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[6] It has a chromosome count: 2n=14.[7]

Taxonomy

It is commonly known as Vorobyov Iris in Russia.[3][4][10]

The plant is named after Soviet dendrologist Dmitry Petrovich Vorobyov (1906–1985). A number of other plant species including Ligularia vorobievii, Festuca vorobievii, Poa vorobievii and Carex voroboevii are named after him.[11][12]

It was first published and described by N. S. Pavlova in 'Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal'nego Vostoka' (Sosudistye Rasteniia Soviet) Vol.2 on page 424 in 1987.[2][13]

Iris vorobievii has not yet been verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, as of 14 May 2015. Iris vorobievii is not yet an accepted name by the RHS, as of 14 May 2015.

Distribution and habitat

It is native to central Asia, within Russia.[13]

Range

It is found in the Russian Federation, within Primorye,[8][14] or Primorsky Krai.[4][7]

Including, within the Ussair region (on the southern side of Amur River),[15] and it is also found growing beside Lake Lotos.[7]

It is also found in North-east China and Korea.[3][4]

Habitat

It grows on open grassy slopes,[3][4] in open glades of oak forests (with Quercus dentata),[7] and in meadows on river terraces.[3]

Conservation

It was listed as 'EN' (endangered),[10] in the Red Data Book of Primorye.[5][14] It was originally (incorrectly) listed as 'Iris mandshurica', but in 1988, it was listed as Iris vorobievii, still as endangered.[3]

It was listed in the 14 May 2002, edition as endangered.[3]

It is protected due to the habitat suffering frequent fire destruction and human development activities.[3]

Cultivation

Iris vorobievii is difficult to cultivate, due to its short lifespan.[5]

In 1974, it was tested for hardiness, at the Botanical Garden of Vladivostok in Russia. Although it was short lived there as well.[5]

Propagation

Similar to other iris species, Iris vorobievii can be propagated by division or by seed growing.[3]

The iris has a ground creeping rhizome that produces 2–3 branches, but unlike other species, they do not mature and the plant soon dies after flowering.[3][5]

It can also produce seed, but in very small quantities.[5] the seeds are dispersed a short distance away from the parent plant. But it may also be dispersed by ants.[citation needed]

Hybrids and cultivars

None are known due to it being short lived.[4][5]

References

  1. ^ "Iris vorobievii N.S.Pavlova is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Pries, Bob (13 January 2015). "(SPEC) Iris vorobievii Pavlova". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Pavlova, N.S. (monocotyledonae)/27.iris vorobievii/iris vorobievii.html "Iris vorobievii". lib.dvfu.ru. Retrieved 11 May 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Irises Psammiris". flower.onego.ru. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "The exhibition "Iris Russia"". flower-iris.ru. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  6. ^ a b Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN 0881927309.
  7. ^ a b c d e Chepinoga, Victor V.; Gnutikov, Aleksandr A.; Enushchenko, Ilya V.; Chepinoga, Anastasya V. (November 2008). Marhold, Karol (ed.). "IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 6" (PDF). Taxon. 57 (4): 1267–1273. doi:10.1002/tax.574017. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  8. ^ a b Kozyrenko, M.M.; Elena Artyukova, E.V.; Zhuravlev, Y.N. (November 2009). "Independent species status of Iris vorobievii NS Pavlova, Iris mandshurica Maxim., and Iris humilis Georgi (Iridaceae): Evidence from the nuclear and chloroplast genomes". Russian Journal of Genetics. 45 (11): 1394–1402. doi:10.1134/s1022795409110143. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  9. ^ Kozyrenko, M.M.; Artiukova, E.V.; Zhuravlev, I.N. (November 2009). "Independent species status of Iris vorobievii N.S. Pavlova, Iris mandshurica Maxim., and Iris humilis Georgi (Iridaceae): evidence from the nuclear and chloroplast genomes". Genetika. 45 (11): 1575–1584.
  10. ^ a b "Iris Vorobyov". humangarden.ru. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  11. ^ Gukov, G. V. (2001). "ДМИТРИЙ ПЕТРОВИЧ ВОРОБЬЕВ - известный дальневосточный флорист-систематик и дендролог". Чье имя ты носишь, растение? Сто пятьдесят кратких биографий (in Russian). Vladivostok: Dalnauka. pp. 277–278. ISBN 5-8044-0118-1.
  12. ^ "Знаменательные даты по Приморскому краю на 2006 год".
  13. ^ a b "Iridaceae Iris vorobievii N.S.Pavlova". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  14. ^ a b "The Decision May 14, 2002 N 272". zooclub.ru. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  15. ^ Jirí Kolbek, Miroslav Srutek and Elgene E. O. Box Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia, p. 77, at Google Books

Sources

  • Kharkevich, Katchura, 1989
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