United Kingdom European Constitution referendum
| National referendums on the European Constitutional Treaty |
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| Superseded by the Treaty of Lisbon (2007) |
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Should the United Kingdom approve the Treaty establishing a Constitution for the European Union? | ||
| Part of a series of articles on |
| UK membership of the European Union (1973–2020) |
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A referendum was expected to take place in the United Kingdom in 2006 to decide whether the country should ratify the proposed Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. However, following the rejection of the Constitution by similar referendums in France in May 2005 and the Netherlands in June 2005, the UK vote was postponed indefinitely. The question was thought to have been settled when the constitution was superseded by the Treaty of Lisbon, which Parliament ratified in 2008 without holding a referendum.
Announcement
As negotiations finalising the text of the proposed constitution drew to a close in early 2004, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Tony Blair, had consistently denied the need for a referendum on its ratification.[1] However, on 20 April 2004, he announced in the House of Commons that a referendum would in fact be held in due course assuming the treaty was accepted by the European Council.[2]
Initial reaction amongst the opposition was three-fold. Firstly, the Conservatives were pleased as they felt they had forced Tony Blair into a U-turn. For example, Michael Howard, the Leader of the Opposition, said "Who will ever trust you again?" in his response to Blair's statement.[3] In response, opponents of Howard have said that he himself has done a U-turn by asking for a referendum at all. Howard was a member of the Conservative Government that rejected calls for a referendum on the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. This treaty conferred many new competences on the Union, something that the new constitution does not do; this has led to some commentators arguing that it is inconsistent to demand a referendum on the constitutional treaty when one was not held on the Maastricht Treaty.[citation needed]
Secondly, the Conservative Party repeated its opposition to such a constitution which it sees as involving an unacceptable loss of sovereignty. (See Controversy over the new constitution.)
They then wanted to know about the timing of the referendum and the precise wording of its question. Commentators expected that a referendum would not be held until after the next General Election, which was expected to take place in 2005. They suggested that the Labour Party would want to minimise the impact of the issue of Europe on the election campaign by saying "we can discuss that at the referendum".[citation needed]
Some pro-Europeans believe[citation needed] this is because much of the press (e.g. papers owned by News International) in the UK opposes the treaty, as referred to by Blair above. Others[citation needed] refer to what they see as a large amount of misinformation and confusion about what the proposed treaty actually contains, coupled with a widespread scepticism about all things linked with the European Union.
Supporters of the Government have said[citation needed] that a referendum would need to be held after sufficient parliamentary time has been devoted to analysing the text, thus forcing a delay until after the election. Conversely, the Conservatives rejected this,[citation needed] saying that sufficient scrutiny could be given, and a referendum held, in the autumn and winter of 2004.
The Conservatives have also suggested [citation needed]that if the Treaty were rejected, the current government would repeat the referendum until it got its desired result. In the days after the announcement of the vote, government policy was not immediately clear on this issue: it initially said[citation needed] that the UK would then be in the same position as Ireland was, after it rejected the Nice treaty. Ireland subsequently adopted that treaty after a second referendum, suggesting that Britain may attempt to do the same. Denmark also held two referendums before accepting the Maastricht Treaty.
However, at his usual monthly news conference on 22 April, Blair said: "If the British people vote 'no', they vote 'no'. You can't keep bringing it back until they vote 'yes'."[citation needed] BBC Radio 4 and The Times have subsequently reported[citation needed] some back-tracking on this issue from "Number 10" (presumably the press office). Despite Blair's assertions (he has made several other, similar statements), the position remains not entirely clear.
Proposed referendum question
The proposed referendum question was included in Part 3 of the European Union Bill 2004-05. The question to appear on ballot papers would have been as follows:
Should the United Kingdom approve the Treaty establishing a Constitution for the European Union?
and in Welsh:
A ddylai’r Deyrnas Unedig dderbyn y Cytuniad a fyddai’n sefydlu Cyfansoddiad i’r Undeb Ewropeaidd?
permitting a simple YES/NO answer
Preparations
After the agreement of the final constitution draft, Blair announced his full support for it,[citation needed] claiming that it protects the national veto on sensitive issues such as tax, social policy, defence and foreign policy.
On 29 October 2004, the Foreign Secretary Jack Straw ruled out holding a referendum in 2005 as this would coincide with the UK holding the rotating presidency of the Council of the European Union.[4] He said that the referendum would be held in early 2006, providing Labour were re-elected in the 2005 general election.
A bill authorising the referendum was announced in the Queen's Speech of 23 November 2004 and was introduced to Parliament in January 2005 as the European Union Bill 2005.[5]
On 26 January 2005 the government announced that the question asked in the referendum will be: "Should the United Kingdom approve the treaty establishing a constitution for the European Union?"[citation needed] Theresa May, Shadow Secretary of State for the Family, described the question as "fair".[citation needed]
Electoral Commission rules
The rules governing how British referendums are held are determined by the Electoral Commission. The Commission will judge whether the question asked is clear and unbiased and make recommendations, but Parliament will make the final decision. Some concern has already been raised[citation needed] that a simple yes/no question will bias the poll in favour of a positive vote, as people may have an instinctive desire to respond positively, all other things being equal. The Commission chairman, Sam Younger, who will act as counting officer for the vote, has said[citation needed] that he will be able to make further recommendations once he has observed referendums taking place in English regions this autumn.
The Commission also places caps on the amount that can be spent by each side of the debate. Two official "designated organisations", one for each side of the debate, will be able to spend at most £5m campaigning, of which up to £600,000 could come from public funds. These organisations will also be entitled to free broadcasts and mail shots. The names and leaders of the organisations have not yet been named. All other interested parties will be able to spend at most £500,000 and must be registered with the Commission if they receive any single donation in excess of £10,000.
In an interview with The Times on 24 April 2004, Sam Younger, chairman of the British Electoral Commission, said the referendum legislation was unworkable: "There is nothing to stop someone with say, £10 million, creating 20 different groups all of which could spend £500,000. That could distort the whole campaign. The legislation is flawed".
Sam Younger also said that enforcing the regulations would be difficult, both because it would not possible to prove the spending limits had been broken until the referendum was over, by which time the campaign groups involved would have been dissolved, and because the maximum fine of £5,000 was too low to deter potential offenders.
Furthermore, the Government is permitted to publish information publicising its view, with no spending limit, until 28 days before the poll. The spending of all other groups involved will be capped for 70 days before the poll. Sam Younger said the same campaign restrictions should apply to the Government as to everyone else.
Opinion polls
Every opinion poll on how people would vote in a referendum pointed to a "no" vote. [citation needed]
ICM asked 1,000 voters in the third week of May 2005: “If there were a referendum tomorrow, would you vote for Britain to sign up to the European Constitution or not?”: 57% said no, 24% said yes, and 19% said that they did not know.[citation needed]
Cancellation
Following the French and Dutch rejection of the treaty, Jack Straw announced on 6 June 2005, to the House of Commons, that the plans for the referendum in early 2006 had been shelved.
The matter became one of only hypothetical interest following the replacement of the proposed constitution with the agreement of the text of the Treaty of Lisbon on 19 October 2007.
See also
References
- ^ "Blair confirms EU constitution poll". BBC News. 20 April 2004.
- ^ Tony Blair, Prime Minister (20 April 2004). "Debates and Oral Answers for Tuesday 20 April 2004". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). United Kingdom: House of Commons. col. 155–157.
- ^ Michael Howard, Leader of the Opposition (20 April 2004). "Debates and Oral Answers for Tuesday 20 April 2004". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). United Kingdom: House of Commons. col. 157.
- ^ "Europe vote 'early 2006' - Straw". BBC News. 29 October 2004. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
- ^ "European Union Bill 2004". House of Commons. 25 January 2005. Retrieved 13 November 2016.