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Eve Arnold

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"Eve Cohen" redirects here. For American poet, see Nan Cohen.
Eve Arnold
Born
Eve Cohen

(1912-04-21)April 21, 1912
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
DiedJanuary 4, 2012(2012-01-04) (aged 99)
London, England, United Kingdom
OccupationPhotojournalist
Spouse(s)Arnold Arnold (divorced)
1 son, Frank[1]

Eve Arnold, OBE, Hon. FRPS (née Cohen; April 21, 1912 – January 4, 2012) was an American photojournalist.[2][3] She joined Magnum Photos agency in 1951, and became a full member in 1957. She was the first woman to join the agency.[4]

Early life and career

Eve Arnold was born Eve Cohen in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the middle of nine children to immigrant Russian-Jewish parents, William Cohen (born Velvel Sklarski), a rabbi, and his wife, Bessie (Bosya Laschiner). Both of Arnold's parents were grudgingly accepting of her choice to abandon medicine to study photography.[4] She married Arnold Schmitz (later Arnold Arnold) in 1941. Her interest in photography began in 1946 while working for Kodak in their Fair Lawn NJ photo-finishing plant. Using a gifted Rolleicord, she began to photograph her city with a fresh humanitarian perspective.[4] Over six weeks in 1948, she learned photographic skills from Harper's Bazaar art director Alexey Brodovitch at the New School for Social Research[5] in Manhattan. Studying photography under Brodovitch, she produced a collection of photos from Harlem's vivid fashion show scene. The collection was published the series in the London Illustrated Picture Post in 1951.[6] Although the series launched her career, she later wrote in a diary entry that the editor of the magazine changed her captions and reversed the message of her photographs to fit a racist narrative.[7] She then became interested in African American migrant workers suffering housing discrimination in Long Island.[6] She became the first woman to join the Magnum Agency, becoming a full member in 1957. Arnold spent time covering republican press events, the McCarthy hearings, and explored the taboo subject of birth. She was well aware of the underrepresentation of women photojournalists and the position of women celebrities in the public eye. Arnold explored these ideas about women in her full length photo book The Unretouched Woman published in 1976[4].

Arnold's images of Marilyn Monroe on the set of The Misfits (1961) were perhaps her most memorable, but she had taken many photos of Monroe from 1951 onwards. The intimate candid-style photos achieve Arnold's goal to show Monroe's anxieties about being the subject of constant media attention.[6] She befriended Monroe, Joan Crawford, and many of her other subjects in order to write about them and photograph them better.[4] Her previously unseen photos of Monroe were shown at a Halcyon Gallery exhibition in London during May 2005. Travel characterized much of Arnold's work, as she took interest in photographing the Civil Rights and Black Power movements in the United States as well as in the rigid Soviet Union and in China. Arnold always strived to go deeper with her photography; she even returned from some shoots with cigarette burns on her clothing from a disapproving crowd.[8] She produced a film in 1971, Women Beyond the Veil, focusing on Arabian harems and hammams.[4] She also photographed famous figures such as Queen Elizabeth II, Malcolm X, Marlene Dietrich, and Joan Crawford, and traveled around the world, photographing in China, Russia, South Africa and Afghanistan.[9] Arnold left the United States and moved permanently to England in the early 1970s with her son, Francis Arnold. Several of her famous photographs were featured in Look, Life, Esquire, Harpar's Bazaar, Geo, Stern, Paris-Match and Epoca. While working for the London Sunday Times, she began to make serious use of color photography.[9] However, Arnold's preference continued to be black and white. She alternated between glamorous photos of cinema stars and portraits of everyday life and experiences.[4] The hardest task for Arnold was to make the mundane interesting.[7] Her interest in "the poor, the old, the underdog" continued as her photos captured the gentle realness that Arnold portrays as characteristic of all humans. The relationship of trust between Arnold and her subjects is visible in the natural lighting and posing in her photographs.[4]

Later life

In 1980, she had her first solo exhibition, which featured her photographic work done in China at the Brooklyn Museum in New York City. In the same year, she received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society of Magazine Photographers. In 1993, she was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Photographic Society,[10] and elected Master Photographer by New York's International Center of Photography. Arnold was one of only five women in the catalogued touring exhibition Magna Brava. Rejected as a Vietnam war photographer, she found photographing South African Shantytowns also critiqued and drew awareness to the injustices in the world.[4] She also photographed disabled veterans, herders in Mongolia, and women in brothels.[8]

In 1960, Arnold did a series of portraits of American First Ladies including Jackie Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, and Pat Nixion.[11] In 1997, she was appointed a member of the Advisory Committee of the National Media Museum (formerly the Museum of Photography, Film & Television) in Bradford, West Yorkshire. She was appointed an Honorary Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2003.[12]

She lived in Mayfair for many years until her last illness, when she moved to a nursing home in St George's Square, Pimlico. When Anjelica Huston asked if she was still doing photography, Arnold replied: "That's over. I can't hold a camera any more." She said she spent most of her time reading such writers as Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Thomas Mann and Leo Tolstoy.[13] One of her last photos is of her grandson when he came to visit her for a photography lesson in 1994. She describes in her diary entry of that day the bond between photographer, subject, and camera that is necessary for a portrait. She continued to stress her style of simplicity in photos with natural lighting and lack of posing and embellishments. She sums up "curiosity" as a one-word description of her driving force that led to her career of which was described as a friend as "a one-woman cultural exchange."[7]

Death

Arnold died in London on January 4, 2012, aged 99.[14]

Selected works

Photographs

  • Fashion Show, behind the scenes, 1950[15]
  • Marilyn Monroe, 1960.[15]
  • Jacqueline Kennedy arranging flowers with daughter Caroline, 1961.[15]
  • Horse Training for the Militia in Inner Mongolia, 1979.[15]

Books

  • The Unretouched Woman, 1976.
  • Flashback: The 50s, Knopf, 1978.
  • In China, Knopf, 1980.
  • In America, Knopf, 1983.
  • The Making of the White Nights, 1985
  • Marilyn Monroe: An Appreciation, Knopf, 1987.
  • All in a Day's Work, Bantam, 1989.
  • The Great British, Knopf, 1991.
  • In Retrospect, Knopf, 1995.
  • Film Journal, Bloomsbury, 2002.
  • Handbook, 2005
  • Marilyn Monroe 2005
  • Eve Arnold's People 2010
  • All About Eve, 2012

Awards

References

  1. ^ Amanda Hopkinson Obituary: Eve Arnold, The Guardian, January 5, 2012
  2. ^ "Eve Arnold – photojournalist". Art Fine. Archived from the original on July 1, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2010.
  3. ^ Waters, Florence (January 5, 2012). "American photographer Eve Arnold dies aged 99". Telegraph. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Hopkinson, Amanda (2012-01-05). "Eve Arnold obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
  5. ^ Tim Troy "Arnold, Eve" in Robin Lenman (ed.) The Oxford Companion to the Photograph, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, p.47
  6. ^ a b c Jason, Hill (11 February 2013). "Arnold, Eve". Grove Art Online. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t2229172. Retrieved 2020-04-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ a b c Arnold, Eve (1995). "Diary Entry". Eve Arnold, In Retrospect.
  8. ^ a b "Remembering Eve Arnold, The Unretouched Woman". The Economist. January 10, 2012.
  9. ^ a b Liz Jobey, "What Eve Arnold saw", FT Magazine, 4 March 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012
  10. ^ "Royal Photographic Society website". Archived from the original on 2012-08-14. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  11. ^ Maria Lokke, "First Ladies", The New Yorker Photo Booth, January 11, 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  12. ^ Profile of Eve Arnold Archived 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Eve Arnold's People, edited by Brigitte Lardinois with texts by Huston and Isabella Rossellini, London: Thames & Hudson, 2009
  14. ^ "Photojournalist Eve Arnold dies aged 99". BBC News. January 5, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
  15. ^ a b c d Friedewald, Boris (2014). Women photographers : from Julia Margaret Cameron to Cindy Sherman. Munich. ISBN 978-3-7913-4814-8. OCLC 864503297.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  16. ^ "Aesthetica Magazine - Eve Arnold to receive Lifetime Achievement Award at Sony World Photography Awards 2010". Aesthetica Magazine. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
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