Kahaluʻu Bay
Kahaluu Historic District | |
 Kahaluʻu Bay | |
  | |
| Location | Aliʻi Drive, Kahaluu-Keauhou, Hawaii |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 19°34′49″N 155°58′2.7″W / 19.58028°N 155.967417°W |
| Area | 700 acres (280 ha) |
| Built | 1500-1749 |
| Architectural style | Ancient Hawaii |
| NRHP reference No. | 74000713[1] |
| Added to NRHP | December 27, 1974 |
Kahaluʻu Bay (/ˌkɑːhəˈluːʔuː/; Hawaiian pronunciation: [ˈkɐhɐˈluʔu]) is a historic district and popular recreation area on the Kona coast of the Big Island of Hawaiʻi.
Early history
This area has been populated for about 500 years, and in the 18th and 19th centuries was an important royal residence.[2] One major feature is Pa o ka menehune (which means literally "wall of the ancients"[3]), a breakwater constructed in Ancient Hawaii that might have once enclosed the entire bay. Since construction of a heiau using the dry-stack masonry technique (uhau humu pohaku) was a major undertaking, it is unusual to find the concentration of about ten that were built on this bay.[citation needed]
The Kuʻemanu Heiau is on the north end of the bay. This was used by royalty to view surfing and as a residence.[4] Nearby the Keawaiki canoe landing site is popular today with local surfers.
Two ancient fishponds called Waikuaʻala and Poʻo Hawaiʻi are still visible. Royal Governor John Adams Kuakini had a thatched roof house, and King David Kalākaua built a beach house in this area which has been reconstructed. South of the bay is Hāpaialiʻi Heiau, associated with astrological observation, built between 1411 and 1465 and restored in 2007.[5] The Keʻeku Heiau was used for human sacrifice (luakini) and Kapuanoni Heiau were also built just south of the bay. Petroglyphs thought to depict the defeat of Kamalalawalu of Maui by Lonoikamakahiki can be viewed at low tide near the temples. Several kuʻula (sacred stones, said to have been brought from Maui) were monuments to the plentiful fish and Green turtles that are still found in the bay.
More recent history
Across Aliʻi Drive from the bay are the stone ruins of the original Helani Church built in 1861 by Rev. John D. Paris. It was built on the ruins of the ʻOhiʻamukumuku Heiau. As the population moved inland, a new Helani Church was constructed at a higher elevation still used by the congregation today.[6]
On the grounds of a former Kahuna's house, a Catholic church officially called "Saint Peter's by the Sea" was built in 1880 on Laʻaloa bay, and then moved to its present location in 1912, run by the Saint Michael the Archangel Catholic Church Parish. It is commonly known as "the little blue church", and is used as a landmark for canoe races.[7]
In 1970, the Keauhou Beach Hotel was built on the point South of the bay. The hotel was bought in 1987 for $13M by the Azabu Building Company, headed by Japanese businessman Kitaro Watanabe. Plans were to enlarge it and build a larger resort combined with the Kona Lagoon Hotel (built in 1975), and more facilities across the street, to be called the Azabu Kona Beach Resort.[8] There was also a botanical park called Kona Gardens on the uphill (mauka) side of the street. However, the investors suffered financial problems in the 1990s. The other properties were abandoned, reverting to the holder of the lease in 1995, the investment arm of Kamehameha Schools, which eventually also bought the remaining hotel. In June 1996, three of the executives were arrested in Tokyo, suspected of concealing assets from creditors.[9] In 1997, the hotel was sold again to Trinity Investments from Chicago. [10] The 462-room Kona Lagoon Hotel, closed since 1988, had fallen into disrepair.[11] Local people said the project was "cursed" because of all the sacred sites in the area, and it was torn down in 2004, with long-term plans to restore the historic sites.[12] In 2012, Kamehameha Schools announced plans to close and eventually demolish the Keauhou Beach Hotel, and to build a cultural and educational complex on the site. The hotel closed in October 2012. As of August 2014, demolition is planned for fall 2015.[13]
The Kalahuu Bay District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 27, 1974.[1]
Recreation
The bay is still used today by surfers, with a surf school across the street from the ancient canoe landing.[14] The area around the bay was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 as historic district number 74000713 in 1974. The state registry lists it as site 10-37-4150.[15] The south end of the bay became Kahaluʻu Beach County Park in 1953, a popular snorkeling spot, although the beach is rocky with some gray sand. The parking lot is open 7am - 11pm, and lifeguards are on duty during limited hours.[16]
The Kohala Center sponsors a program called ReefTeach to educate visitors about the preservation of the bay, and has produced some educational videos on the history of the area.[17] An educational festival called the Ocean Fair is held here as part of the Kona Earth Festival, associated with Earth Day.[18] The hotel is now called the Outrigger Keauhou Beach Resort.[19] Two more Heiaus on this point are being reconstructed. Directly south of this point is another historic area, Keauhou Bay.
Gallery
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The County Park is a popular snorkeling spot -
St. Peter by the Sea Catholic Church -
Ruins of 1860 Helani Church -
Ancient canoe landing still used by surfers -
Kona Earth Festival Ocean Fair 2009 -
Kuʻula stones were monuments to the plentiful fish -
Hāpaialiʻi Heiau was restored in 2007 -
Reconstructed King Kalākaua beach house on Poʻo Hawaiʻi -
Two snorkelers swimming with a Green sea turtle in Kahaluu Beach Park
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References
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ^ "Hoʻihoʻi Kulana Wahi pana - Restoring Sacred Places" (PDF). brochure published by Kamehameha Investment Corporation. 2008. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ Hawaiian Dictionary Archived 2012-12-28 at archive.today
- ^ Map of Kahaluʻu Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine by Henry E.P. Kekahuna at the Bishop Museum
- ^ Pictures of the heiau restoration Archived 2011-01-13 at the Wayback Machine from Historic Hawaiʻi 2008 award presentation
- ^ Helani Church Archived 2007-08-10 at archive.today Official web site
- ^ http://www.keauhoucanoeclub.com/ Keauhou Canoe Club web site
- ^ Environmental Assessment - Negative Declaration Azabu Kona Beach Resort at State of Hawaii web site
- ^ "Top Azabu executives arrested in Japan" in Honolulu Star-Bulletin, June 26, 1997
- ^ "Keauhou Beach Hotel being sold" in Honolulu Star-Bulletin, July 31, 1997
- ^ "Kona Lagoon Hotel may be torn down" in Honolulu Advertiser, October 14, 2002
- ^ "Demolition of Big Isle’s Kona Lagoon Hotel starts" in Honolulu Star-Bulletin, June 23, 2004
- ^ Miller, Erin (August 6, 2014). "Kamehameha Schools moves ahead with Keauhou Beach Hotel demolition plan". West Hawaii Today. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
- ^ Kahaluu Bay Surf & Sea official web site
- ^ Hawaii County Historic Places on official State web site
- ^ Shoreline access map Archived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine at Hawaiʻi County web site
- ^ "Kahaluʻu Bay project". web site. Kohala Center. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ Kona Eartch Festival official web site
- ^ "Outrigger Keauhou Beach Resort". official web site. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
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