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Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor

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Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor
Grosvenor, 1927
President of the National Geographic Society
In office
1920–1954
Preceded byJohn E. Pillsbury
Personal details
Born(1875-10-28)October 28, 1875
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (now Istanbul, Turkey)
DiedFebruary 4, 1966(1966-02-04) (aged 90)
Cape Breton Island, Canada
Spouse
Elsie May Bell
​
(died 1964)​
Children7, including Melville, Mabel
Parent(s)Edwin A. Grosvenor
Lilian Waters
RelativesAlexander Graham Bell
(father-in-law)
Mabel Gardiner Bell
(mother-in-law)
William Howard Taft
(second cousin)
Walter Kendall Myers
(grandson)
EducationWorcester Academy
Alma materAmherst College

Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (/ˈɡroʊvnər/; October 28, 1875 – February 4, 1966), father of photojournalism, was the first full-time editor of National Geographic (1899–1954). Grosvenor is credited with having built the magazine into the iconic publication that it is today.

As President of the National Geographic Society, he assisted its rise to one of the world's largest and best known science and learning organizations, aided by the chronicling in its magazine of ambitious natural and cultural explorations around the globe.[1]

Early life

Grosvenor was born on October 28, 1875 to Lilian Waters and Edwin A. Grosvenor in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, (now known as Istanbul, Turkey).[2] He was second cousin to U.S. President and U.S. Supreme Court Justice William Howard Taft.[3]

He was educated at Worcester Academy and at Robert College.[4] He attended Amherst College and graduated with the A.B. degree magna cum laude in 1897. While at Amherst, Grosvenor and his twin brother Edwin were one of the best tennis doubles teams.[5]

Career

National Geographic Society

Hovey at work at the National Geographic headquarters in Washington, D.C. (1914)

Grosvenor was hired in 1899 as the first full-time employee of the National Geographic Society by Alexander Graham Bell, the Society's President at the time. He eventually was named Director, and later was elected President of the Society in 1920 after the death of Rear Admiral John E. Pillsbury,[6][7] and remained editor of National Geographic magazine until 1954.[8]

Grosvenor advocated policies of neutrality and positive, upbeat journalism through two world wars, the Great Depression, and the beginning of the Cold War. This style was seen as innovative in the opening years of the 20th century. However, by the 1950s, Grosvenor's style was criticized as being ossified and dated. He and his staff (most of whom were in their late 60s and 70s) were criticized as being conservative, complacent, and unwilling to modernize, and the National Geographic's subscription base fell as a consequence. After 50 years at the helm, he stepped down in 1954 at the age of 78.

Support for the National Park Service

Grosvenor traveled in California with Stephen Mather and helped write the act that created the National Parks.

Grosvenor first traveled to the western United States in 1915 to hike with Stephen Mather in the Sierra Mountains and what is now Sequoia National Park. "Grosvenor was so overwhelmed by the grandeur of the High Sierras and his experience on the trip that he became a revered and long-time friend of Mather and the national parks," according to National Park Service historian Walter Bielenberg.[9] Following his return, Grosvenor provided funding to buy Giant Forest and add it to Sequoia National Park.

For years, opposition in Congress had prevented creation of a national system of parks. In late 1915 and 1916, Grosvenor met with Stephen Mather, Horace Albright, and others to draft the Organic Act, which would create a National Park Service. He then created a special issue of National Geographic (April 1916) entitled "The Land of the Best" to promote the importance of parks and encouraged readers to support creation of a national system. He and Albright made sure that every member of Congress had a copy of the issue. Their efforts worked, and that year legislation finally passed that would establish the National Park Service.[10]

Grosvenor continued involvement with the National Parks over the years. He became very involved in protecting the Katmai volcanic crater and Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes from mining exploitation, and helped to establish Katmai National Monument in 1918.[11] Katmai National Park's Grosvenor Lodge[12] is named after him.

Personal life

Elsie and Gilbert holding their son, Melville, Library of Congress.
Gilbert Grosvenor holds his young son, Melville Bell Grosvenor, 1902. Library of Congress.

Grosvenor married Elsie May Bell (1878–1964), the daughter of Alexander Graham Bell. Together, they were the parents of seven children, including:[13][14]

In 1931, Grosvenor bought a property in Coconut Grove, Florida next door to his brother-in-law, David Fairchild. He called this estate Hissar after the small town in Turkey where he was born. After Fairchild's estate, The Kampong, was acquired by the National Tropical Botanical Garden, they also bought Hissar.[16] Grosvenor served on the Board of Trustees of the University of Miami from 1944 to 1960.[17]

Grosvenor's health deteriorated following the death of his wife and he died peacefully in his sleep at the age of 90 on February 4, 1966.[1] Grosvenor is buried in Rock Creek Cemetery alongside his wife and members of the Bell family. Grosvenor Arch, a sandstone double arch located in southern Utah, is named after Gilbert Grosvenor.

Descendants

Through his eldest son Melville, he was the grandfather of Alexander Graham Bell Grosvenor (1927–1978), a United States Navy pilot, Gilbert Melville Grosvenor (b. 1931), also a National Geographic president,[18] and Edwin S. Grosvenor (b. 1951), the editor-in-chief of American Heritage.[19]

Through his daughter Elsie, he was the grandfather of Walter Kendall Myers (b. 1937),[20] a former U.S. State Department employee who, with his wife, Gwendolyn, was arrested and indicted in 2009 on charges of spying for Cuba for nearly 30 years.[21][22][23] He was convicted of spying and sentenced to life imprisonment by a U.S. federal court in July 2010. The judge told the couple: "I see no sense of remorse. You were proud of what you did".[24]

Legacy

Memorial for Gilbert and Elsie Grosvenor in Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

Grosvenor was one of the founders of the Cruising Club of America,[25] and is considered the 'true' father of photojournalism.[18]

In the 1950s, Grosvenor's daughter acquired an historic building in Baddeck, Nova Scotia which she named Gilbert H. Grosvenor Hall in his honour.

His daughter Mabel oversaw the stewardship of Bell's legacy Canadian estate at Beinn Bhreagh, Baddeck, Nova Scotia, until her death, and was also the Honorary President of the Alexander Graham Bell Club (founded in 1891), Canada's oldest continuing women's club. The club grew out of a social organization started at Beinn Bhreagh, by her grandmother and namesource Mabel Bell.[26][27]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Dr. Gilbert H. Grosvenor Dies. Head of National Geographic, 90. Editor of Magazine 55 Years Introduced Photos, Increased Circulation to 4.5 Million". New York Times. February 5, 1966. Retrieved 2007-07-21. Baddeck, N.S., Feb. 4, 1966 (Canadian Press) Dr. Gilbert H. Grosvenor, chairman of the board and former president of the National Geographic Society and editor of the National Geographic magazine from 1899 to 1954, died on the Cape Breton Island estate once owned by his father-in-law, the inventor Alexander Graham Bell. He was 90 years old.
  2. ^ "Grosvenor family papers, 1827–1981". Library of Congress.
  3. ^ Grosvenor Family Papers, Manuscript Division, U.S. Library of Congress, 2000, revised April 2010.
  4. ^ "Where East Meets West". Time. 24 April 2007. Robert College stands at the Bosporus narrows, where Europe and Asia are only 800 yards apart. Its 19th-century buildings overshadow a 15th-century Turkish fort. Engineers trained at Robert have built modern Turkey's factories, railroads and sewage systems. Basketball, softball, other U.S. sports have spread through Turkey from the college. Robert's noted students: Bulgaria's first education minister; a confidential secretary of the late President of Turkey, Ismet Inönü; Editor Gilbert Grosvenor of the National Geographic (his father taught there).
  5. ^ http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/a/m/M-F-LaMont/GENE3-0072.html
  6. ^ Grosvenor, Gilbert (22 February 1920). "GILBERT GROSVENOR LAUDS PEARY'S WORK; Geographic Society's Head Tells the Traits Which Made Explorer Successful. TENACITY AND COURAGE Every Campaign Prepared with Such Minute Care That All Arctic Obstacles Were Overcome". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  7. ^ "GROSVENOR PRESIDENT GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY". The Ithaca Journal. January 22, 1920. p. 1. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  8. ^ "National Geographic Milestones". press.nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic Partners Press Room. 20 June 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  9. ^ Bielenberg, Warren. "Gilbert H. Grosvenor 1875–1966". National Park Service.
  10. ^ "National Geographic and the U.S. National Parks". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  11. ^ Sontag (editor), William H. (1990). National Park Service: The First 75 Years. Eastern National Park and Monument Association. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  12. ^ "Grosvenor Lodge". Katmailand National Park\accessdate=8 July 2017.
  13. ^ a b Martin, Sandra. "Mabel Grosvenor, Doctor 1905–2006", Toronto: The Globe and Mail, November 4, 2006, p.S.11. Proquest document ID: 383502285. Retrieved April 12, 2011.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g "Elsie May Bell Grosvenor - Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress". loc.gov. The Library of Congress. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  15. ^ Sullivan, Patricia. Obituary: Mabel Grosvenor, 101, Doctor, Granddaughter Of Inventor Bell, Washington Post, November 9, 2006. Retrieved via the Boston Globe at Boston.com on June 15, 2010.
  16. ^ "National Tropical Botanical Garden – Kampong – History". Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  17. ^ Tebeau, Charlton W. The University of Miami. Coral Gables: University of Miami Press, 1976. p. 392.
  18. ^ a b Cosmos Club blog Archived 2012-01-04 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ "Edwin S. Grosvenor". AmericanHeritage.com.
  20. ^ "Treason from within" Archived 2014-12-17 at the Wayback Machine by Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive
  21. ^ "Couple indicted on charges of spying for Cuba". NBC News. June 5, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  22. ^ Cuban Spies Arrested "Archived copy". Retrieved 2012-05-17.
  23. ^ "Archived copy". Retrieved 2012-05-17.
  24. ^ Jason Ryan (July 16, 2010). "Bad Month For Spies: Cuban Spy Gets Life Without Parole, Wife Gets 6 ½ Years". Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  25. ^ "History". Cruising Club of America. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  26. ^ Bethune, Jocelyn. "Alexander Graham Bell’s Granddaughter Dies At 101", Halifax, Nova Scotia: The Chronicle Herald, October 31, 2006. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
  27. ^ Bethune, Jocelyn. Historic Baddeck: Images Of Our Past, Nimbus Publishing, Halifax, N.S., 2009, pp.112–113, 117, ISBN 1-55109-706-0, ISBN 978-1-55109-706-0.

Further reading

  • Poole, Robert M. Explorers House: National Geographic and the World it Made. New York: Penguin, 2004. ISBN 1-59420-032-7
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