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3D Systems

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3D Systems Corporation
Company typePublic
IndustryTechnology
FoundedValencia, California, U.S. (1986 (1986))
Headquarters
Rock Hill, South Carolina
Littleton, Colorado
Lawrenceburg, Tennessee
Wilsonville, Oregon
Seattle, Washington
,
United States
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Jeff Graves (President & CEO)
Chuck Hull (CTO)
Andrew M. Johnson (CLO)
Products3D Printers
Stereolithography (SLA) Systems
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Systems
Direct Metal Printing (DMP) Systems
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Systems
Figure 4 Standalone & Modular[disambiguation needed]
Engineered Materials
ServicesSLA, SLS, DMP, FDM, CNC,
Injection Molding, Investment Casting,
Sheet Metal, Figure 4, Medical Grade Prototypes,
Appearance Models, Low-Volume Mass Production
RevenueIncrease US$646.84 million (2017)[1]
Decrease US$-65.32 million (2017)[1]
Decrease US$-66.19 million (2017)[1]
Total assetsIncrease US$896.76 million (2017)[1]
Total equityDecrease US$615.95 million(2017)[1]
Number of employees
2,666 (2017)
Website3dsystems.com

3D Systems, headquartered in Rock Hill, South Carolina, is a company that engineers, manufactures and sells 3D printers, 3D printing materials, 3D scanners, and offers a 3D printing service. Chuck Hull, the CTO and former president, invented stereolithography in 1986.[2] The company creates product concept models, precision and functional prototypes, master patterns for tooling, as well as production parts for direct digital manufacturing. It uses proprietary processes to fabricate physical objects using input from computer-aided design and manufacturing software, or 3D scanning and 3D sculpting devices.[3]

3D Systems' technologies and services are used in the design, development and production stages of many industries, including aerospace, automotive, healthcare, dental, entertainment and durable goods. The company offers a range of professional- and production-grade 3D printers as well as software, materials, and the online rapid part printing service On Demand.[4] It is notable within the 3D printing industry for developing stereolithography and the STL file format.

History

3D Systems was founded in Valencia, California by Chuck Hull, the inventor and patent-holder of the first stereolithography (SLA) rapid prototyping system. Prior to Hull's introduction of SLA rapid prototyping, concept models required extensive time and money to produce. The innovation of SLA reduced these resource expenditures while increasing the quality and accuracy of the resulting model. Early SLA systems were complex and costly, however, and required extensive redesign before achieving commercial viability. Primary issues concerned hydrodynamic and chemical complications. In 1996 the introduction of solid-state lasers permitted Hull and his team to reformulate their materials. Engineers in transportation, healthcare and consumer products helped fuel early phases of 3D Systems' rapid prototyping research and development. These industries remain key followers of 3D Systems' technology.

In 2003, Hull was succeeded by Avi Reichental.[5] Both Reichental and Hull are listed among the top twenty most influential people in rapid technologies by TCT Magazine.[6] Hull remains an active member of 3D Systems' board and serves as the company's Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President.[7] In 2005, 3D Systems relocated its headquarters to Rock Hill, South Carolina, citing a favorable business climate, a sustained lower cost of doing business, and significant investment and tax benefits as reasons for the move.[8]

In 2015, Reichental stepped down as the president and CEO of 3D Systems, Inc. and was replaced, on an interim basis, by the company's Chief Legal Officer Andrew Johnson.[9]

On April 4, 2016, the 3D Systems board appointed Vyomesh Joshi (VJ) as President and CEO.[10]

On May 14, 2020, the 3D Systems board named Jeff Graves as President and CEO, effective May 26.[11]

Growth

In late 2001 3D Systems began an acquisitions program that expanded the company's technology through ownership of software, materials, printers and printable content, as well as access to the skills of engineers and designers. The rate of 3D Systems' acquisitions (16 in 2011) raised some eyebrows with regard to the task facing the company's management team. Other onlookers pointed to the encompassing scope of the acquisitions as indicating calculated steps by 3D Systems to consolidate the 3D printing industry under one roof and logo, to become a comprehensive one-stop-shop capable of servicing each link in the scan/create-to-print chain.[12]

3D Systems now employs over 2400 people in 25 offices worldwide. Through its acquisitions, the company has achieved a strong and growing presence in Asia-Pacific (China, Korea, Japan) and Europe (France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, the United Kingdom), in addition to expanding its brand of print materials, printers, industrial and professional CAD software, on-demand custom parts services, data capture and scanning technologies, and customizable, ready-to-print consumer collections. 3D Systems' corporate statements indicate the company's desire to facilitate user creation and "remove expert/user friction between content creation and print."[13]

In May 2011, 3D Systems transferred from NASDAQ (TDSC) to the New York Stock Exchange (DDD). Company stock has risen with general consistency since its entry to the exchange, as have company revenues and profits. In 2012, a Gray Wolf Report predicted 3D Systems' rate of growth to be unsustainable, pointing to inflated impressions from acquisitions as a corporate misstatement of organic growth. 3D Systems responded to this article on November 19, 2012, claiming it to "contain materially false statements and erroneous conclusions that we believe defamed the company and its reputation and resulted in losses to our shareholders."[14] One offending article was removed as a result. Sequential increases in earnings from actual sales and steady climbs in stock price per share provide reasonable cause for skepticism towards this report.[15]

In January 2014 it was announced that 3D Systems had acquired the Burbank, CA-based collectibles company Gentle Giant LTD.[16] Gentle Giant Ltd. designs, develops, and manufactures three-dimensional representations of characters from a variety of franchise properties with worldwide name recognition, including Star Wars, The Matrix, Harry Potter, The Simpsons, Hellboy Animated, Disney Dragonkind, Animated Pirates of the Caribbean, Lord of the Rings, Red Star, Terminator, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Corpse Bride. Gentle Giant Ltd. produces a wide range of products including mini busts, statues, Bust-Ups, action figures, 12" figures and models.[citation needed]

In July 2014, 3D Systems announced an acquisition of Israeli medical imaging company Simbionix for US$120,000,000.[17]

In September 2014, 3D Systems acquired the Belgian company LayerWise. The terms of the acquisition were not disclosed by the companies.[18] The company is based in Leuven, a town in Belgium close to Brussels. It is a principal provider of services in the area of direct metal 3D printing and manufacturing. The company was a spin-off of the University of Leuven.[19] The takeover added Belgium to the list of countries where 3D Systems has active locations.

In January 2015, 3D Systems acquired the 3D printer manufacturer botObjects, the first company to commercialize a full-color printer using the fused deposition modeling technique.[20] botObjects was founded by Martin Warner (CEO) and Mike Duma (CTO).[21]

botObjects created a desktop 3D printer for the consumer which used Fused filament fabrication to create full-color 3D printing. botObjects' proprietary 5-color CMYKW cartridge system[22] could generate color combinations and gradients by mixing primary printing colors.[21] There was some skepticism about botObjects' claims.[23]

In April 2015, 3D Systems announced it acquired the Easyway Group of companies in China, creating 3D Systems China. Easyway is a Chinese 3D printing sales and service provider with key operations in Shanghai, Wuxi, Beijing, Guangdong and Chongqing.[24]

Technology

3D Systems manufactures stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS) color-jet printing (CJP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), multi-jet printing (MJP) and direct metal printing (DMP). Each technology takes digital input from three-dimensional data to create three-dimensional parts through an additive, layer-by-layer process. The systems vary in their materials, print capacities and applications.

  • Stereolithography, or SLA, was invented by 3D Systems’ founder Chuck Hull. Stereolithography describes the method and apparatus for making solid objects in a vat of liquid photopolylmer using ultraviolet curable material and a laser to trace the digital design. SLA systems print with supports and are advantageous due to the speed and possible size of prints (size depends on the build volume of the particular machine). SLA systems can also rapidly manufacture parts of different geometries at the same time and are designed to produce prototypes, patterns or end-use parts of versatile sizes and applications. SLA parts are strong enough to be machined and can be used as master patterns for injection molding, thermoforming, blow molding and various metal casting processes.
  • Selective laser sintering, or SLS, is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser to fuse small particles together. Material options are wide, including plastic, metal, ceramic, nylon, polystrene or glass powders. In many cases, SLS is an efficient process because large numbers of parts can be printed in one session. SLS does not require any support structures, as parts are surrounded by unsintered powder at all times.
  • Color jet printing uses inkjet technology to deposit a liquid binder across a bed of powder. Powder is released and spread with a roller to form each new layer. This technology was originally developed by Z Corporation.[25]
  • Fused deposition modeling is handled by 3D Systems' hobbyist level printer line. These printers use a heated extruder to deposit a thermoplastic along complex toolpaths, one layer at a time. A good visual model of this is using a hot glue gun to build a 3d model. The hot glue gun (a hand powered extruder) would have to build things one layer at a time, depositing a string roughly the width of the extruder orifice. Once a layer has cooled and hardened, the next layer can be built until the model is complete. FDM limitations include time (it must travel along complex toolpaths), color (only one color can be printed at a time), and durability (inter-layer adhesion is analogous to a cold solder). This is generally the least expensive type of printer available.
  • Multi-Jet printing refers to the process of depositing liquid photopolymers onto a build surface using inkjet technology. High resolution is attainable with a support material that can be easily removed in post processing. Unlike FDM, these parts are generally too brittle for snap-fits. However, lower durometer (softer) parts are possible with newer model MJP printers. This allows the user to create rubbery or hard plastic parts for more diverse applications.
  • Direct Metal Sintering refers to the 3D Systems metal printing process. This process spreads fine powders of diverse metal alloys out onto a printbed, and fuses geometries together using an overhead laser beam. This technology is used primarily in medical and aerospace applications, where low volumes of unique and complex models are needed.

Products and patents

As part of 3D Systems' effort to consolidate 3D printing under one logo, its products span a range of 3D printers and print products to target users of its technologies across industries. 3D Systems offers both professional and production printers. In addition to printers, 3D Systems offers content creation software including reverse engineering software and organic 3D modeling software. Following a razors and blades business model, 3D Systems offers more than one hundred materials to be used with its printers, including waxes, rubber-like materials, metals, composites, plastics and nylons.[26]

3D Systems is a closed-source company, using in-house technologies for product development and patents to protect these technologies from competitors. Critics of the closed-source model have blamed seemingly slow development and innovation in 3D printing not on a lack of technology, but on a lack of open information sharing within the industry.[27] Supporters of the closed source model argue that the right to patents inspires and motivates higher-quality innovations, leading to a better and more impressive final product.

In November 2012, 3D Systems filed a lawsuit against prosumer 3D printer company Formlabs and the Kickstarter crowdfunding website over Formlabs attempt to fund a printer which it claimed infringed its patent on “Simultaneous multiple layer curing in stereolithography.”[28] The legal procedure lasted more than two years and was significant enough for Netflix to add it to its documentary about 3D printing called "Print the Legend".[29][30]

3D Systems has applied for patents for the following innovations and technologies: the rapid prototyping and manufacturing system and method; radiation curable compositions useful in image projection systems; compensation of actinic radiation intensity profiles for 3D modelers; apparatus and method for cooling part cake in laser sintering; radiation curable compositions useful in solid freeform fabrication systems; apparatus for 3D printing using imaged layers; compositions and methods for selective deposition modeling; edge smoothness with low resolution projected images for use in solid imaging; elevator and method for tilting solid image build platform for reducing air entrapment and for build release; selective deposition modeling methods for improved support-object interface; region-based supports for parts produced by solid freeform fabrication; additive manufacturing methods for improved curl control and sidewall quality; support and build material and applications.[31]

Applications and industries

3D Systems’ products and services are used across industries to assist, either in part or in full, the design, manufacture and/or marketing processes. 3D Systems' technologies and materials are used for prototyping and the production of functional end-use parts, in addition to fast, precise design communication. Current 3D Systems-reliant industries include automotive, aerospace and defense, architecture, dental and healthcare, consumer goods and manufacturing.

Examples of industry-specific applications include:

  • Aerospace, for the manufacture and tooling of complex, durable and lighter-weight flight parts
  • Architecture, for structure verification, design review, client concept communication, reverse structure engineering, and expedited scaled modeling
  • Automotive, for design verification, difficult visualizations, and new engine development
  • Defense, for lightweight flight and surveillance parts and the reduction of inventory with on-demand printing
  • Dentistry, for restorations, molds and treatments. Invisalign orthodontics uses 3D Systems' technologies
  • Education, for equation and geometry visualizations and art schools and design initiatives
  • Entertainment, for the manufacture and prototyping of action figures, toys, games and game components; printing of sustainable guitars and basses, multifunction synthesizers, etc.
  • Healthcare, for customized hearing aids and prosthetics, improved medicine delivery methods, respiratory devices, therapeutics, and flexible endoscopy and laparoscopy devices for improved procedures and recovery times
  • Manufacturing, for faster product development cycles, mold production, prototypes, and design trouble-shooting

For industries such as aerospace and automotive, 3D Systems' technologies have reduced the time needed to incorporate design drafts and enabled the production of more efficient parts of lighter weight. Because 3D printing builds layer-by-layer according to design, it does not need to accommodate the traditional manufacturing tools of subtractive methods, often resulting in lighter parts and more efficient geometries.

Facilities and employees

In 2007, the company consolidated its offices, operations, and research and development functions into a new global headquarters in Rock Hill, South Carolina, US. About half of the headquarters’ 80,000 square feet (7,400 m2) consist of research and development laboratories with an 18,000-square-foot (1,700 m2) Rapid Manufacturing Center (RMC) with 3D Systems’ rapid prototyping, rapid manufacturing and 3D printing systems at work.[32]

With customers in 80 countries, 3D Systems has over 2100 employees in 25 worldwide locations, including San Francisco, Leuven, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, China, Korea and Japan [citation needed]. The company has more than 359 U.S. and foreign patents.[33]

In 2019, the company consolidated resources within it's On Demand domestic rapid printing service locations into Littleton Colorado, Seattle Washington, Lawrenceburg Tennessee, and Wilsonville Oregon. Restructuring and additions were made to the Lawrenceburg location for future expansions and growth which nearly doubled the facility size.

Community involvement and partnerships

3D Systems is involved in a multi-year agreement with the Smithsonian Institution as part of a Smithsonian-wide effort to strengthen collections' stewardship and increase collection accessibility through 3D representations. This partnership is part of the company's attempt to broadcast the capabilities and applications of 3D printing while increasing "the visibility and accessibility of our national treasures."[34]

In 2012, 3D Systems began partnering with the 90-year-old Scholastic Art & Writing Awards in the Future New category. For this branch of the Scholastic Awards, students will be challenged to express bold and innovative ideas using new technologies. 3D Systems will offer students free 3D design software to facilitate their creations and will award three winners with a $1000 scholarship. This money is in addition to the prizes and recognition granted winners by the Scholastic Awards.[35]

3D Systems is a corporate underwriter of the National Children's Oral Health Foundation: America's ToothFairy (NCOHF). NCOHF provides community programs to deliver educational, preventative and treatment oral health services to children in at-risk populations. 3D Systems contributes its 3D content-to-print solutions and Cubify capabilities to the NCOHF effort.[36]

3D Systems has contributed two production-grade 3D printers to the National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute (NAMII) in Youngstown, Ohio, the first center of a federal initiative to enhance the competitiveness of US industry. The Youngstown institute is just one regional hub of the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI), which aspires to build "world-class centers for applied research, technology incubation and commercialization" to re-localize manufacturing and strengthen US competitiveness.[37]

On February 18 of 2014, Ekso Bionics debuted the first ever 3D printed hybrid exoskeleton robotic suit, in collaboration with 3D Systems.[38][39]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e https://www.3dsystems.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/3d-systems-2017-form-10-k_0.pdf
  2. ^ U.S. Patent 4,575,330 (“Apparatus for Production of Three-Dimensional Objects by Stereolithography”)
  3. ^ "About 3D Systems". 3D Systems. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  4. ^ "3D Systems On Demand". 3D Systems. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  5. ^ Petch, Michael (December 2, 2019). "The hype and rise of 3D printing and Avi Reichental". 3DPrintingIndustry.com. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
  6. ^ Staff. "The TCT Top 20". TCT Magazine. United Kingdom: Rapid News Publications. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  7. ^ "3D Systems Corporation: NYSE:DDD quotes & news". Google Finance. Google. Officers and Directors. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  8. ^ Staff (5 November 2005). "California 3D-Technology Firm To Relocate Headquarters to Rock Hill, SC". WRAL TechWire. United States: Capitol Broadcasting Company.
  9. ^ "3D Systems Announces Departure of President and CEO" (Press release). 3D Systems. 29 October 2015 – via 3D Systems.
  10. ^ "Printing Innovator and Leader, Vyomesh Joshi Takes Helm as 3D Systems' Chief Executive Officer" (Press release). 3D Systems. 4 April 2016 – via 3D Systems.
  11. ^ "CEO Veteran and Global Manufacturing Leader Jeff Graves Named President and CEO of 3D Systems". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
  12. ^ Pfeifle, Sam (10 October 2012). "A brief history of 3D Systems acquisitions". Head in the Point Clouds (blog). SPAR Point Group. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013.[unreliable source?]
  13. ^ Johnson, Cory (25 April 2012). "Printing in 3D" (Video). Bloomberg West. United States: Bloomberg Television.
  14. ^ Staff (19 November 2012). "3D Systems' CEO Hosts Recent Articles Discussion Conference (Transcript)". United States: Seeking Alpha. Note: the first page of the 9 page transcript is available without registration.
  15. ^ Staff (31 October 2012). "3D Systems Earnings Smash Short Theory For Now". Seeking Alpha. Note: the first of two pages is available without registration.
  16. ^ http://www.actionfigureinsider.com/3d-systems-acquires-gentle-giant-studios/
  17. ^ Weinreb, Gali (31 July 2014). "3D Systems acquires Simbionix for $120m". Globes. Israel. Archived from the original on August 2, 2014.
  18. ^ "3D Systems Acquires LayerWise, Extending its Global Leadership in Advanced Metal 3D Printing, On-Demand Parts Manufacturing Services and Personalized Medical Devices" (Press release). 3D Systems. 3 September 2014.
  19. ^ "Company". LayerWise. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  20. ^ "3D Systems Acquires botObjects" (Press release). 3D Systems. 13 January 2015. Archived from the original on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2015 – via Desktop Engineering (Peerless Media).
  21. ^ a b "3D Systems Acquires 3D Printer Maker botObjects and Introduces CubePro® C Full-Color 3D Printer". January 5, 2015
  22. ^ "An Exclusive Look At The BotObjects ProDesk3D Color 3D Printer". February 5, 2014
  23. ^ Lecher, Colin (February 8, 2014). "This Full-Color 3-D Printer Sounds Too Good To Be True. Is It?". Popular Science. Bonnier Corporation. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  24. ^ By Chris Lange, 24/7 Wall St. “3D Systems Hopes Acquisition in China Will Help.” April 6, 2015. April 6, 2015.
  25. ^ "Welcome To 3DS Central". Archived from the original on 2016-11-11. Retrieved 2018-09-25.
  26. ^ "The Next Big Thing: 3D Printing" (Video). CNBCFast Money.
  27. ^ "How Patents Have Held Back 3D Printing".
  28. ^ Rob Giseburt, 3D Systems Suing Formlabs and Kickstarter for Patent Infringement, Make:, 21 November 2012.
  29. ^ Netflix (9 September 2014). "Print the Legend Official Trailer [HD] Netflix". YouTube.
  30. ^ Biggs, John (December 2, 2014). "3D Systems v. Formlabs Patent Lawsuit Dismissed". Tech Crunch.
  31. ^ "TDSC - 3D Systems Corp. patents". Fresh Patents. Archived from the original on 2012-10-28. Retrieved 2012-12-11.
  32. ^ "3D Systems". Archived from the original on 2016-01-15. Retrieved 2014-11-25.
  33. ^ "Company Patents". 3Dsystems.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-10.
  34. ^ "3D Systems Partners With the Smithsonian on Landmark 3D Digitization Project" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 18, 2019.
  35. ^ "Future New - Scholastic Art & Writing Award New Category". NWP.org. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2012-12-11.
  36. ^ "3D Systems Joins NCOHF: America's ToothFairy". Dentistry Today.
  37. ^ "3D Systems Invests In U.S. Government's Additive Manufacturing Institute". TCT Magazine.
  38. ^ "3D Systems Prints First Hybrid Robotic Exoskeleton Enabling Amanda Boxtel to Walk Tall" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-03. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
  39. ^ "Press Releases - Ekso Bionics Holdings, Inc. (EKSO)". Eksobionics.com. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
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