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Basilio Valdes

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Major General
Basilio J. Valdes
Secretary of National Defense, Public Works, Communications and Labor
In office
23 December 1941 – 6 February 1945
PresidentManuel L. Quezon (1941-1944)
Sergio Osmeña (1944-1945)
Preceded byJorge B. Vargas
Succeeded byTomas Cabili
Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
In office
1 January 1939 – 7 November 1945
Preceded byPaulino Santos
Succeeded byRafael Jalandoni
Personal details
Born(1892-06-10)June 10, 1892
San Miguel, Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines
DiedJanuary 26, 1970(1970-01-26) (aged 77)
Republic of the Philippines
NicknameBasil
Military service
AllegianceFrench Third Republic France
(1916–1917)
United States United States
(1917–1919)
Commonwealth of the Philippines Philippines
(1922–1945)
Branch/servicePhilippine Constabulary
Philippine Army
Years of service1916–1945
RankGeneral Major general
CommandsArmed Forces of the Philippines
Battles/warsWorld War I
World War II

Basilio José Segundo Pica Valdés (10 July 1892 – 26 January 1970) was a Spanish Filipino doctor, general and minister. Valdes was chief of staff of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1939, and was in 1941 appointed Secretary of National Defense by President Manuel L. Quezon. After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines at the beginning of the Second World War, he was one of the members of Quezon's war cabinet in exile.

Early life

Basilio Valdes was born on 10 July 1892 in San Miguel, Manila, in the Captaincy General of the Philippines as the third child of a family of four. His parents were the Spaniard Filomena Pica and the mestizo Benito Salvador Valdes, a doctor and former classmate of José Rizal in Madrid.[1] His mother later died in 1897 after giving birth to the couple's fifth son, after which the family led a wandering existence. Because of this, the young Valdes studied in many different schools. La Salle College, Barcelona (1897–1901); San Beda University, Manila (1901–1903); La Salle College, Hong Kong (1903–1904); the American School in Manila (1904); Pagsanjan High School (1905–1908); Manila High School (1908–1911); and on his father's intercession, he opted for a study of medicine at the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas (1911–1916) after completing his secondary school education.[2][3]

Volunteer to France

After graduating in 1916 he worked briefly as a lecturer, but with the ongoing First World War he decided to leave the same year for France and joined the French Army as medical volunteer. He worked in the military hospital as a surgeon for the French Red Cross. With the American entry into the war in 1917, he transferred to the US Army (the Philippines being a US colony at the time) and continued to work until 1919.[3][2][1] In February that year, he was appointed a member of the Military Inter-Allied Commission to Germany; made chief of the Medical Service of the American Red Cross Commission to Germany and later made deputy commissioner of the American Red Cross in Europe. In this position he made studies of health conditions in Prague, Czechoslovakia and Kovno, Lithuania. After the war he ran a clinic in Manila and married Rosario Legarda Roces, whom he adopted a daughter with.[2][1]

Military service and Secretary of Defense

In 1922 he was asked to join the Philippine Constabulary and revitalize their medical services; he joined and had by 1926 been promoted to lieutenant colonel and chief surgeon, serving as medical inspector from 1926 to 1934. Valdes became brigadier general and chief of the Constabulary in 1934. He later took his oath of office as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army on May 4, 1936, and with the retirement of Chief of Staff General Paulino Santos, Valdes assumed this office by presidential appointment on January 1, 1939.[4][3][1][2][5]

With the growing threat of Japanese expansion during the 1930s, President Manuel L. Quezon established the Department of National Defense in November, 1939, which had executive authority over the army. With the attack on Pearl Harbor and Japanese invasion of the Philippines in December, 1941, President Quezon merged the departments of National Defense, Public Works, Communications and Labor into a single department and appointed Valdes as secretary on 23 December.[5][1][3] As a member of the War Cabinet, he was tasked by General Douglas MacArthur to be in charge of the safety of President Quezon, who was very ill by that time, and his family. They were all evacuated to Corregidor, then Australia, and finally to the United States, creating the Commonwealth government-in-exile.[4][2] After the death of Quezon on August 1, 1944, Valdes continued to serve in President Sergio Osmeña's government with the same positions as before. When American troops invaded the occupied Philippines in the Second Philippine Campaign, Valdes returned together with MacArthur and President Osmeña in the landing on Red Beach, Leyte on October 20, 1944.[4][2][5]

Valdes reentered Manila on February 6, 1945, and was reunited with his family after three years of separation. Later the same month, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was reestablished and President Osmeña appointed Valdes as ad interim Secretary of Public Health and Welfare, officially taking the position on June 27, 1945. In this position he organized relief goods and medicine distributions from the U.S. Medical Corps to the war torn country. He retired from government service on July 4 the same year.[4][2][5]

Valdes, along with the future Secretary of Foreign Affairs Raul Manglapus, at the time a reporter for the Philippines Free Press, were the only two Filipinos accredited to join MacArthur during the signing of the Instrument of Surrender on board the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945.[6] Valdes received one of 20 original facsimiles of the Instrument of Surrender, being one of eight personal guests of MacArthur, and his document is currently owned and curated by The International Museum of World War II in Natick, Massachusetts.[7]

In January 1946 Valdes was appointed as one of the judges at the Military Tribunal of Japanese General Masaharu Homma in view of the war crimes committed by his command during the invasion of the Philippines, sitting on the bench along with Leo Donovan, Robert G. Gard, Arthur Trudeau, and Warren H. McNaught.[8][9]

Later life and death

After the war Valdes went back to teaching as a professor of surgery at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila. He was head of the Philippine Cancer Society, vice-president of the Philippine Tuberculosis Society, chairman of the Deans Committee for the Veterans Memorial Medical Center and became the medical director of Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital from 1948 until his death. Basilio Valdes died on January 26, 1970, and was given a full military funeral.[4][2][3][1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Basilio J. Valdez". Dnd.gov.ph. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Major General Basilio J. Valdes – Doctor, Officer and Gentleman". Positivelyfilipino.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e "About Valdes". Philippinediaryproject.wordpress.com. 22 April 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e "The Basilio J. Valdes Digital Collection – Presidential Museum and Library". Malacanang.gov.ph. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d "Remembering Major General Basilio Valdes by Kapi'olani Torres Reyes". Signaturesofwar.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  6. ^ Legarda, Benito. "Aggressors as Victims". Malacanan Palace, Presidential Museum & Library. Philippine Free Press. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  7. ^ "Surrender of Japan". Museum of WW2. Museum of WW2. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  8. ^ Sides, Hampton. "The Trial Of General Homma". American Heritage. American Heritage. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  9. ^ "United States of America vs Masaharu Homma". ICC Legal Tools Database. International Criminal Court. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  • Gen. Basilio Valdes, a photo of the Major General Valdes wearing WWI service stripes on his lower left sleeve
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