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List of karst springs

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This is a list of karst springs. There are different types of karst springs, including inversacs (or estavelles), Vauclusian springs, vruljas, and others. All of them form in limestone settings.[1]

Image Name Average
discharge		 Place State
(Province)		 River system Basin
(km²)		 Location
Kladuk[2] 150,000-180,000 L/s Sayosa Distrik

Kampong Saluk

Indonesia

(West Papua)

Aouk-Kladuk-Kabra[3] ca. 2800 1°06′08″S 131°47′22″E / 1.102088°S 131.789529°E / -1.102088; 131.789529 (Kladuk)
Aachtopf 8,590 L/s
303 cu ft/s 		Aach Germany
(Baden-Württemberg) 		Rhine 240 47°50′48″N 8°51′28″E / 47.846708°N 8.857863°E / 47.846708; 8.857863 (Aachtopf)
Ain ez Zarqa 13,000 L/s
460 cu ft/s[4] 		Hermel Lebanon
(Beqaa Governorate) 		Orentes 34°21′08″N 36°22′23″E / 34.352222°N 36.373056°E / 34.352222; 36.373056 (Ain ez Zarqa)
Big Spring 286 million US gal/d
12,500 L/s[5] 		Ozarks, Missouri US
(Missouri) 		Mississippi
Vrelo Trebišnjice 125 m3/s
4,400 cu ft/s
to
220 m3/s
7,800 cu ft/s 		Bileća Bosnia and Herzegovina Trebišnjica-Neretva 42°51′52″N 18°25′17″E / 42.8644525°N 18.4212613°E / 42.8644525; 18.4212613 (Trebišnjica wellsprings group)
Vrelo Bune 43,000 L/s
1,500 cu ft/s 		Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina Neretva 43°15′25″N 17°54′12″E / 43.256901°N 17.903445°E / 43.256901; 17.903445 (Vrelo Bune)
Bunica wellsprings 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina Neretva 43°13′17″N 17°53′24″E / 43.2213617°N 17.8901196°E / 43.2213617; 17.8901196 (Bunica)
Sana wellsprings group 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Ribnik Bosnia and Herzegovina Danube 44°19′03″N 16°50′12″E / 44.3173773°N 16.8365586°E / 44.3173773; 16.8365586 (Sana wellsprings group)
Ribnik wellsprings group 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Ribnik Bosnia and Herzegovina Danube 44°24′12″N 16°47′59″E / 44.4032695°N 16.7998445°E / 44.4032695; 16.7998445 (Ribnik wellsprings group)
Sanica wellsprings 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Sanica Bosnia and Herzegovina Danube 44°36′23″N 16°37′07″E / 44.606495°N 16.618516°E / 44.606495; 16.618516 (Sanica_(river))
Dabar wellsprings 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Sanski Most Bosnia and Herzegovina Danube 44°42′34″N 16°38′22″E / 44.7093608°N 16.6394055°E / 44.7093608; 16.6394055 (Dabar_(river))
Krušnica wellsprings 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Bosanska Krupa Bosnia and Herzegovina Danube 44°50′41″N 16°10′06″E / 44.84472°N 16.1682996°E / 44.84472; 16.1682996 (Krušnica_(Una))
Bastašica wellsprings 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Drvar Bosnia and Herzegovina Danube 44°23′31″N 16°19′37″E / 44.3919433°N 16.3268101°E / 44.3919433; 16.3268101 (Bastašica wellsprings)
Bioštica wellsprings 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Sokolac Bosnia and Herzegovina Danube 43°59′27″N 18°46′47″E / 43.990715°N 18.7796205°E / 43.990715; 18.7796205 (Bioštica)
Mokranjska Miljacka wellsprings 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Pale Bosnia and Herzegovina Danube 43°59′27″N 18°46′47″E / 43.990715°N 18.7796205°E / 43.990715; 18.7796205 (Mokranjska Miljacka wellspring cave)
Krupa wellsprings 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Krupa na Vrbasu Bosnia and Herzegovina Danube 44°37′07″N 17°06′21″E / 44.6185773°N 17.1058846°E / 44.6185773; 17.1058846 (Krupa (Vrbas))
Bistrica wellsprings 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Livno Bosnia and Herzegovina Cetina 43°49′57″N 17°00′32″E / 43.8326132°N 17.0087698°E / 43.8326132; 17.0087698 (Bistrica (Livanjsko Polje))
Trebižat wellsprings 0 L/s
0 cu ft/s 		Grude Bosnia and Herzegovina Neretva 43°20′12″N 17°19′24″E / 43.336715°N 17.323457°E / 43.336715; 17.323457 (Trebižat_(river))
Blautopf 2,300 L/s
81 cu ft/s 		Blaubeuren Germany
(Baden-Württemberg) 		Danube ca. 150 48°24′58″N 9°47′04″E / 48.416228°N 9.78433°E / 48.416228; 9.78433 (Blautopf)
Brenztopf 1,270 L/s
45 cu ft/s 		Königsbronn Germany
(Baden-Württemberg) 		Danube 48°44′15″N 10°06′47″E / 48.73747°N 10.112979°E / 48.73747; 10.112979 (Brenztopf)
Brunnenmühlenquelle 1,500 L/s
53 cu ft/s 		Heidenheim Germany
(Baden-Württemberg) 		Danube > 100 48°39′55″N 10°09′00″E / 48.665178°N 10.149972°E / 48.665178; 10.149972 (Brunnenmühlenquelle)
Buchbrunnenquelle 927 L/s
32.7 cu ft/s 		Dischingen Germany
(Baden-Württemberg) 		Danube 48°40′49″N 10°21′51″E / 48.680375°N 10.364088°E / 48.680375; 10.364088 (Buchbrunnenquelle)
Creux-Genat Courtedoux Switzerland
(Kanton Jura) 		Rhone 47°23′47″N 7°01′38″E / 47.396372°N 7.0273°E / 47.396372; 7.0273 (Creux-Genat)
Dan-Quelle 6,000 L/s
210 cu ft/s 		Dan Israel
(Galiläa) 		Jordan 33°14′55″N 35°39′09″E / 33.248639°N 35.652472°E / 33.248639; 35.652472 (Dan-Quelle)
Foce del Timavo San Giovanni al Timavo Italy
(Gorizia) 		Timavo 45°47′12″N 13°35′30″E / 45.786694°N 13.591557°E / 45.786694; 13.591557 (Foce del Timavo)
Fosse Dionne 311 L/s
4,100 imp gal/min 		Tonnerre France
(Yonne) 		Armançon/Yonne/Seine 47°51′24″N 3°58′14″E / 47.85667°N 3.97056°E / 47.85667; 3.97056 (Fosse Dionne)
Gailachquelle 650 L/s
8,600 imp gal/min 		Mühlheim Germany
(Bayern) 		Danube 48°51′37″N 10°59′20″E / 48.860278°N 10.988889°E / 48.860278; 10.988889 (Gailachquelle)
Gleßbrunnen 700 L/s
25 cu ft/s 		Wolkertshofen Germany
(Bayern) 		Danube 48°47′38″N 11°15′17″E / 48.793903°N 11.254742°E / 48.793903; 11.254742 (Gleßbrunnen)
Hederquellen 1,900 L/s
67 cu ft/s 		Upsprunge Germany
(Nordrhein-Westfalen) 		Rhine 51°39′13″N 8°36′03″E / 51.653731°N 8.600808°E / 51.653731; 8.600808 (Hederquellen)
Izvor Omble 24,000 L/s
850 cu ft/s 		Dubrovnik Croatia
(Dubrovnik-Neretva) 		Ombla 42°40′33″N 18°08′10″E / 42.67575°N 18.136083°E / 42.67575; 18.136083 (Izvor Omble)
Kesselquelle 700 L/s
25 cu ft/s 		Zwiefalten Germany
(Baden-Württemberg) 		Danube 48°13′47″N 9°27′09″E / 48.229677°N 9.4526°E / 48.229677; 9.4526 (Kesselquelle)
Kocherursprung 680 L/s
24 cu ft/s 		Oberkochen Germany
(Baden-Württemberg) 		Rhine 48°46′20″N 10°05′43″E / 48.772097°N 10.095367°E / 48.772097; 10.095367 (Kocherursprung)
Krasny Klyuch (ru) 14,880 L/s
525 cu ft/s 		Krasny Klyuch Russia
(Bashkortostan) 		Volga 55°22′36″N 56°40′47″E / 55.37666°N 56.679615°E / 55.37666; 56.679615 (Krasny Klyuch)
Lippequelle 740 L/s
26 cu ft/s 		Bad Lippspringe Germany
(Nordrhein-Westfalen) 		Rhine 51°46′53″N 8°49′20″E / 51.781489°N 8.822225°E / 51.781489; 8.822225 (Lippequelle)
Le Bouillon Orléans France
(Département Loiret) 		Loire 47°51′01″N 1°56′15″E / 47.850278°N 1.9375°E / 47.850278; 1.9375 (Le Bouillon)
Louequelle 6,890 L/s
243 cu ft/s 		Ouhans France
(Département Doubs) 		Rhone 1760 47°00′41″N 6°17′55″E / 47.011389°N 6.298611°E / 47.011389; 6.298611 (Louequelle)
Paderquellen 5,000 L/s
180 cu ft/s 		Paderborn Germany
(Nordrhein-Westfalen) 		Rhine 51°43′09″N 8°45′00″E / 51.719064°N 8.750128°E / 51.719064; 8.750128 (Paderquellen)
Palfauer Wasserloch 2,000 L/s
71 cu ft/s 		Palfau Austria
(Steiermark) 		Danube 47°42′51″N 14°51′25″E / 47.714093°N 14.856992°E / 47.714093; 14.856992 (Palfauer Wasserloch)
Pießling-Ursprung 2,000 L/s
71 cu ft/s 		Roßleithen Austria
(Oberösterreich) 		Danube ca. 95 47°41′34″N 14°16′34″E / 47.692722°N 14.276028°E / 47.692722; 14.276028 (Pießling-Ursprung)
Résurgence de la Vis 5,260 L/s
186 cu ft/s 		Vissec France
(Département Gard) 		Hérault 44°01′08″N 3°28′29″E / 44.018889°N 3.474722°E / 44.018889; 3.474722 (Résurgence de la Vis)
Rhumequelle 2,000 L/s
71 cu ft/s 		Rhumspringe Germany
(Niedersachsen) 		Weser 51°35′23″N 10°18′37″E / 51.589656°N 10.310175°E / 51.589656; 10.310175 (Rhumequelle)
Rinquelle Amden Switzerland
(Kanton St. Gallen) 		Rhine ca. 50 47°08′17″N 9°09′54″E / 47.138099°N 9.165092°E / 47.138099; 9.165092 (Rinquelle)
Salzaspring 704 L/s
24.9 cu ft/s 		Nordhausen Germany
(Thüringen) 		Elbe 51°31′49″N 10°45′43″E / 51.530192°N 10.761945°E / 51.530192; 10.761945 (Salzaspring)
Siebenbrünnen Lenk Switzerland
(Kanton Bern) 		Rhine 46°24′45″N 7°28′47″E / 46.412375°N 7.479786°E / 46.412375; 7.479786 (Siebenbrünnen)
Sorgue-Quelle 21,000 L/s
740 cu ft/s 		Fontaine-de-Vaucluse France
(Département Vaucluse) 		Rhone ca. 11000 43°55′10″N 5°07′53″E / 43.919564°N 5.131465°E / 43.919564; 5.131465 (Sorgue-Quelle)
Source de l'Orbe Vallorbe Switzerland
(Vaud) 		Rhine 46°41′53″N 6°20′43″E / 46.697993°N 6.34537°E / 46.697993; 6.34537 (Source de l'Orbe)
Source du Lison Nans-sous-Sainte-Anne France
(Département Doubs) 		Rhone 46°57′56″N 6°00′41″E / 46.965556°N 6.011389°E / 46.965556; 6.011389 (Source du Lison)
Syri i Kaltër 6,000 L/s
210 cu ft/s 		Saranda Albania
(Vlora) 		Bistrica 39°55′25″N 20°11′34″E / 39.923611°N 20.192778°E / 39.923611; 20.192778 (Syri i Kaltër)
Te Waikoropupū Springs 14,000 L/s
490 cu ft/s[6] 		Tākaka New Zealand
(Tasman District) 		Tākaka 40°50′52″S 172°46′10″E / 40.84778°S 172.76944°E / -40.84778; 172.76944 (Te Waikoropupū Springs)
Wakulla Springs 260 million US gal/d
11,000 L/s[7] 		Wakulla County, Florida US
(Florida) 		Wakulla/St. Marks
Divje jezero Idrija Slovenia
(Goriška) 		Jezernica 45°58′56″N 14°01′41″E / 45.98229°N 14.02812°E / 45.98229; 14.02812 (Divje jezero)
Wimsener Höhle 590 L/s
21 cu ft/s 		Zwiefalten Germany
(Baden-Württemberg) 		Danube 48°15′24″N 9°26′54″E / 48.256777°N 9.448242°E / 48.256777; 9.448242 (Wimsener Höhle)
Jacob's Well Wimberly USA
(Texas) 		Guadalupe River 30°02′04″N 98°07′34″W / 30.03437°N 98.126016°W / 30.03437; -98.126016
Lathkill Head Cave Peak District England
(Derbyshire) 		Trent SK170658
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References

  1. ^ Elmer LaMoreaux, Philip (2001). "Geologic/Hydrogeologic Setting and Classification of Springs". Springs and Bottled Waters of the World: Ancient History, Source, Occurrence, Quality and Use. Springer. p. 57. ISBN 9783540618416.
  2. ^ "Aouk Underground River". Issuu. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  3. ^ Below, Darkness. "West Papua – Darkness Below". darknessbelow.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  4. ^ Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 34. ISBN 0-89577-087-3.
  5. ^ "Big Spring".
  6. ^ "Te Waikoropupū Springs".
  7. ^ "Edward Ball Wakulla Springs State Park".
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