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Fitchburg Line

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Fitchburg Line
An outbound train near West Concord in 2012
Overview
OwnerMassachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
LocaleGreater Boston
Termini
Stations19
Service
TypeCommuter rail
SystemMBTA Commuter Rail
Operator(s)Keolis North America
Daily ridership9,302 (2018)[1]
Technical
Line length54 miles (87 km)[2]
CharacterCommuter rail line
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Route map

Legend
64.9 mi
104.4 km
 Gardner
Wachusett Layover
53.7 mi
86.4 km
 Wachusett
49.6 mi
79.8 km
 Fitchburg
Fitchburg Layover
45.1 mi
72.6 km
 North Leominster
39.4 mi
63.4 km
 Shirley
36.1 mi
58.1 km
 Ayer
31.5 mi
50.7 km
 Littleton
30.3 mi
48.8 km
 Littleton/Route 495
26.8 mi
43.1 km
 West Acton
25.3 mi
40.7 km
 South Acton
21.9 mi
35.2 km
 West Concord
20.1 mi
32.3 km
 Concord
16.7 mi
26.9 km
 Lincoln
14.7 mi
23.7 km
 Silver Hill
13.7 mi
22 km
 Hastings
13.2 mi
21.2 km
 Kendal Green
Central Massachusetts Branch
11.5 mi
18.5 km
 Brandeis/Roberts
10.6 mi
17.1 km
 Riverview
9.9 mi
15.9 km
 Waltham
9.3 mi
15 km
 Beaver Brook
8.3 mi
13.4 km
 Clematis Brook
7.4 mi
11.9 km
 Waverley
6.4 mi
10.3 km
 Belmont Center
Lexington Branch
3.4 mi
5.5 km
 Porter
 Red Line 
 D  Union Square
Grand Junction Railroad
 E  to Medford/​Tufts
Grand Junction Branch
0.8 mi
1.3 km
Maintenance Facility
Lowell   Haverhill
Newburyport/Rockport
 Orange   to Oak Grove
 Lechmere
Charles River
 Science Park
0 mi
0 km
 North Station
Green Line (MBTA) Orange Line (MBTA) MBTA Commuter Rail Downeaster (train)
 Orange  to Forest Hills
 D  to Riverside
 E  to Heath Street
This diagram:

The Fitchburg Line is a branch of the MBTA Commuter Rail system which runs from Boston's North Station to Wachusett station in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. The line is along the tracks of the former Fitchburg Railroad, which was built across northern Massachusetts, United States, in the 1840s. It is one of the MBTA's more scenic commuter rail lines, passing by Walden Pond between Lincoln and Concord. Weekend service includes a specially equipped seasonal "ski train" to Wachusett Mountain during the winter.[3]

At 54 miles (87 km) long, the Fitchburg Line is the second-longest line in the system (and was the longest until the Providence/Stoughton Line's 2010 extension to T. F. Green Airport and later to Wickford Junction), and ranks as one of the worst lines in terms of on-time performance. The Fitchburg Line has the oldest infrastructure in the system, and commuter trains must share trackage with freight trains on the outer segment of the line.[4] Only ten of the line's nineteen stations, including both terminals, are fully handicapped accessible - the lowest proportion of any MBTA Commuter Rail line.[2]

A $150 million project completed in 2017 included adding nine miles of double track, an extension to Wachusett, rebuilding two stations, and building a new layover yard.[5]

History

Geographic map of the Fitchburg Railroad
A branch line train at South Acton station in 1911
Former platform at Gardner, the terminus of the line from 1980 to 1987

Boston & Maine

Main article: Fitchburg Railroad

The Fitchburg Railroad opened between 1840 and 1845 from Boston to Fitchburg. In 1854, Henry David Thoreau wrote about his skepticism of the Fitchburg Railroad near Walden Pond in his book Walden.[6] The Boston and Maine Railroad leased the Fitchburg Railroad in 1900 and bought it finally in 1919.[7]

In 1948, The Master Highway Plan for the Boston Metropolitan Area proposed the construction of eight radial expressways around Boston connecting to the Inner Belt, Interstate 695. A section of the Northwest Expressway, carrying a concurrency of Route 2 and Route 3, was to run along the Fitchburg right-of-way from Union Square in Somerville to Sherman Street in North Cambridge.[8] This expressway would have taken up some or all of the trackbed, which was then four tracks wide in that section. After successful highway revolts, Governor Francis W. Sargent placed a hold on all highway construction inside Route 128 in 1970. Following a study, Sargent permanently canceled the 1948 plans in 1972, thus also securing the corridor's future for railroad use.[9]

In January 1958, passenger service on the Fitchburg Division was cut back from the B&M's western terminal in Troy, New York to Williamstown; branch line service to Bellows Falls, Vermont, (with connections for Montreal) and Maynard was discontinued that May, while Main Line service was further truncated to Greenfield in December. All service west of Fitchburg was dropped on 23 April 1960.[10]

MBTA era

When the newly formed MBTA began subsidizing the Boston & Maine Railroad's intrastate service on January 18, 1965, service was only kept to communities in the MBTA's limited funding district. All service on the Fitchburg Line west of West Concord was cut, as was the low-ridership stop at Riverview; several other northside lines were cut or run at reduced service levels as well.[11] The MBTA scrambled to find funding; subsidy agreements were soon reached with towns along the lines. Service was restored as far as Ayer on June 28, 1965, along with the outer Rockport Branch and full schedules on the Lowell and Ipswich routes.[11]

Although some gains were made, including the reopening of Belmont Center and Waverley stations on March 4, 1974, the system continued to hang on by thin margins. The Central Mass Branch, which shared trackage with the Fitchburg, was cut on November 26, 1971.[11] In December 1973, state subsidies for towns outside the MBTA funding district were halved, resulting in the MBTA needing to renegotiate subsidies from 14 municipalities. Ultimately Ayer, with just 14 daily commuters, refused to pay its $8200 bill in 1974; Littleton also refused $12,300 for its 21 riders.[12] On March 1, 1975, the line was cut back to South Acton, dropping stops at Ayer, Littleton, and West Acton.[11][13]

Two lightly used stops in Waltham – Clematis Brook and Beaver Brook – closed in June 1978.[11]

On December 27, 1976, the MBTA bought the Boston and Maine Railroad's northside commuter rail assets, including the entire length of the Fitchburg Line.[11] The closure of the Lexington Branch the next month represented the limit of the contraction of the northside lines; as a result of the 1970s energy crisis and especially the 1979 energy crisis, a period of rapid expansion began in the end of the 1970s. Service was restored to Fitchburg and beyond to Gardner on January 13, 1980. Gardner service was ended on January 1, 1987 when Amtrak took over the MBTA contract, due to a dispute between Amtrak and Guilford; the MBTA only owned the trackage to Fitchburg.

In December 2006, the MBTA began branding certain winter weekend round trips as "ski trains".[14] The train used includes a car equipped with ski racks; a shuttle bus to Wachusett Mountain connects at Wachusett station.[3] (Until the 2016-2017 ski season, the bus ran to Fitchburg station instead.)

Improvement project

Due to the cyclic expansion and contraction for the first three decades of the MBTA's existence, the Fitchburg Line was largely neglected and its infrastructure began to decline. The Fitchburg route was once fully double tracked from Boston to Troy, New York; however, the second main was removed in many sections as passenger service declined. By 2000, there was a 9 miles (14 km) section of single track between South Acton and Ayer, and a shorter section in Waltham. This limited the number of trains which could continue past South Acton to Fitchburg.

Until the extension of the Providence leg of the Providence/Stoughton Line to T.F. Green Airport in 2010, the Fitchburg Line was the longest line on the MBTA system; it is now the second longest, and still the longest without full double track.

Studies

In 2000, the Massachusetts State Legislature passed a bill that directed the MBTA to "conduct a feasibility study regarding the reestablishment of the commuter rail line to the cities of Gardner and Athol on the existing Fitchburg/Gardner/Athol spur line" as one of many expansion and improvement projects.[15] In 2001, the MBTA began taking public comment for the decadal update to its Program for Mass Transportation. Following response from legislators from communities along the line, the MBTA initiated a study of potential improvements to the line, including not only westward extension but also station improvements and travel time reductions.[4][16]

Before the improvement project, Littleton/Route 495 station had a non-accessible low platform served by a single track.

The 2004 edition of the Program for Mass Transportation found that restoration of service all the way to Gardner, much less Athol, was deemed impractical for several reasons. Gardner is 64 miles (103 km) and Athol 81 miles (130 km) by rail from North Station – outside normal commuting distances.[7] The line between Fitchburg and Gardner would cost $104.2 million to double track, and speeds are limited due to the grades going through the Wachusett Mountain range. Because the Route 2 expressway is faster along the corridor than rail service would be, the station at Gardner would have attracted just 50 riders per day.[17] Instead, a 4-mile extension to a previously considered station in West Fitchburg was recommended.

The Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line Service Expansion Study was released in February 2005, drawing off the PMT conclusions. Recommended short-range improvements included station consolidation, track upgrades, and station improvements; longer-term projects included double-tracking, increased service frequency, and an extension to Wachusett or Gardner.[18] The report priced out $55 million in infrastructure upgrades including double tracking through downtown Waltham and from South Acton to Willows, signal improvements, rebuilding Littleton/Route 495 station, and grade crossing modifications. An extension to Wachusett was to cost $39 million, with Gardner costing an additional $50 million.[19] As an immediate change, the MBTA began running express trains on the line.[4]

The Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line Improvement Implementation Plan, released in September 2005, included a longer list of possible improvements, and outlined a goal of reducing travel time between Porter Square and Fitchburg to one hour. The $300 million list included high-level platforms at all stops from Porter to Littleton, grade crossing eliminations, a flyover at Willows, and stop consolidations. The three Weston stops were to be combined, Ayer and Shirley combined into a Devens station, and Waverley and Belmont stations combined.[20] Few of these expanded alternatives were ultimately pursued.

The MBTA applied for a federal Small Starts grant in September 2005, and the Montachusett Regional Transit Authority filed a scoping package in April 2007 that began the analysis of construction alternatives. The Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line Improvements Project Alternatives Analysis was released in September 2007 and outlined six options: no build with the addition of some continuously welded rail to the line, a $30 million baseline with a new layover facility, and three build options ranging from $150 million to $239 million. Build Alternative 1, costing $150 million, was chosen.[4]

Funding and construction

Double tracking and a rebuilt crossing at Boxborough in November 2012

In November 2007, following the completion of five years of conceptual studies, the MBTA announced $150 million in projects to significantly upgrade the Fitchburg Line.[21] The project focuses on reducing travel times, increasing service frequency, and improving on-time performance. With the addition of several smaller funding sources, the improvements ultimately became a $306 million project with five major components:[22]

CPF-43 interlocking

The first work completed was the addition of CPF-43, a new interlocking located at Derby Curve in Leominster. Financed by $10.2 million in ARRA funds, the work was intended to "provide commuter rail operational flexibility and to minimize conflicts with freight".[23] CPF-43 includes a universal crossover between the two mainline tracks, plus a new connection to a siding with 1,000 feet (300 m) of space for maintenance-of-way equipment storage and 1000 feet to connect to existing freight customers. Construction work began in October 2009 and finished by the end of 2011.[23]

North Leominster garage
The completed garage in December 2014

Located just off Route 2, the North Leominster station was often crowded for commuter parking spaces. After 5 years of planning, construction began in March 2012 on a three-story garage which provides 340 parking spaces.[24] The $7.7 million project, which was funded by the FTA through earmarks and formula funding, includes a covered busway and charging stations for electric cars.[25] Originally to be completed in August 2013, the garage was delayed due to high summer heat which prevented pouring concrete as well as contractor's financial problems.[26][27] The garage opened on May 20, 2014.[28]

Construction of full-length high-level accessible platforms was considered as part of the project, but the platforms would have cost an additional $18 million and created clearance issues with passing Pan Am freight trains.[25] The freight trains, which are slightly wider than standard passenger cars, frequently impact the mini-high platforms and would cause severe damage to full-length platforms.

Double tracking
Littleton station shortly after it was rebuilt

$43 million ($40 million in ARRA funds and $3 million from the state Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development) provided for the restoration of 8 miles (13 km) of double track from Central Street in West Acton to Willows Junction in Ayer.[22] This leaves a short section in Waltham as the only single-track section of the line. Like many of the outer stations on the line, Littleton/Route 495 was built in 1980 with a bare low-level concrete platform (not accessible for handicapped riders) serving a single track. Beginning in early 2012, it was rebuilt with a full-length island platform serving the original track and a new second track.

The new station opened in June 2013. In August 2014, with the double tracking nearly complete, all South Acton short turns were extended to Littleton.[29] The double tracking work, including 8 grade crossing replacements and a new interlocking just east of Littleton station, was completed in November 2014.[23][30]

Small Starts funding
South Acton station near completion in November 2015

The largest piece of the project, funded by a total of $172 million in state money and Federal Transit Administration "Small Starts" funding, involved incremental improvements to existing infrastructure. Work started in 2012 and was largely completed by the end of 2015.[22]

South Acton station is the busiest station on the line, with 902 daily riders by a 2013 count.[2] Like Littleton, it formerly had a single low-level platform. After significant design changes based on community input, construction started on a new station with two full-length high-level side platforms in September 2012. The new station opened on December 21, 2015, with some minor work lasting into June 2016.[22] An additional 1.7 miles (2.7 km) of double track was installed through the station, filling the gap between the separately funded double tracking to the west and previously existing double track to the east.[23]

Previously, the section of the line east of Acton had an older signalling system which permitted operations in one direction on each track, which prevented express trains from passing locals and limited schedule density. Fiber optic cable was installed over this segment and new signals installed to permit full bidirectional operation. The double-tracked section west of Willows, which already had bidirectional signalling to permit passenger and slower freight trains to mix, received incremental upgrades.[23] The new signals, along with concurrent track work, allowed maximum speeds on the line to increase from 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) to 80 miles per hour (130 km/h), with a faster schedule implemented on May 23, 2016.[22]

Seven bridges were replaced or significantly repaired, including one over Route 62 in Concord which was a late addition to the project.[22] Thirteen grade crossings were replaced, nine interlockings built new or improved, and dispatching of some segments transferred from the outdated tower at Waltham to the MBTA's control center.[23] A new freight crossover was added at Ayer, with the East Main Street bridge undercut to increase clearances.[22]

Wachusett extension
Main article: Wachusett (MBTA station)
First revenue train at Wachusett station in September 2016

Per the recommendations of the mid-2000s studies, the line was extended 4.5 miles (7.2 km) west of Fitchburg to a new Wachusett park-and-ride station. The work was funded by a $55 million federal TIGER grant awarded in 2010, plus $19 million in state money. Construction started in mid-2013, and the station opened for limited service on September 30, 2016 to satisfy the terms of the federal grant.[31][32][11]

Funded by the same grant was a new layover yard in Westminster, just west of the new station, which replaced a smaller yard in East Fitchburg. The town of Westminster opposed the project due to noise pollution issues, and filed complaints about the MBTA alleging that proper permits had not been obtained and that the agency had misled the town about construction delays.[33] Construction was eventually allowed to proceed; the layover yard opened on November 21, 2016, along with full service to Wachusett station.[11][22]

Weekend service curtailments

Work like laying track, connecting switches, and testing new signals was difficult or impossible to perform during regular daily service. In order to accommodate this work, during 2013 through 2015 service was curtailed on weekends when ridership is significantly lower.[2] Full service was operated during winter months, when snowy weather may make driving a less palatable alternative. In 2013, weekend service was cut back to South Acton from June through August and to Brandeis/Roberts from September to November. In 2014, it was cut back to Brandeis/Roberts from late April to July, and discontinued entirely until November.[11] In 2015, weekend service was discontinued from April 25 to November 22nd except on holiday weekends.[34]

Trackage

The MBTA owns all track between Boston and Fitchburg. The line west of the old Stony Brook Railroad (which joins at Willows, east of Ayer) is used by Pan Am Railways as part of their main line between Mattawamkeag, Maine and Mechanicville, New York. Pan Am owns trackage west of Fitchburg, including the section used for the Wachusett extension. Pan Am runs both through freights and Fitchburg-based locals west of Willows; there is no regular freight service on the line east of Willows.

The Walden Street Cattle Pass crosses beneath the Walden Street bridge in Cambridge, adjacent to the tracks; it was last used in the 1920s.[35]

The Union Square Branch of the under-construction Green Line Extension will share the right-of-way of the Fitchburg Line from the Inner Belt area to Union Square station. Reconstruction of the Medford Street bridge began in March 2013 as part of initial work; the station is expected to open in 2021.[36]

Station listing

For stations served before the creation of the MBTA in 1964, see Fitchburg Railroad § Station and junction listing.
A train at North Station, the inbound terminus of the line
Waverley station
The tiny station building at Shirley
Fare zone Location Mile (km)[2][7][37] Station Connections and notes
1A Boston 0.0 (0.0) Disabled access North Station Amtrak Amtrak: Downeaster
MBTA Commuter Rail: Lowell Line, Haverhill Line, and Newburyport/Rockport Line
MBTA subway: Orange Line, Green Line (C branch and E branch)
Bus transport MBTA bus: 4
Somerville 0.7 (1.1) Commuter Rail Maintenance Facility Flag stop for MBTA employees only
Cambridge 3.4 (5.5) Disabled access Porter MBTA subway: Red Line
Bus transport MBTA bus: 77, 77A, 83, 87, 96
1 Belmont 6.4 (10.3) Belmont Center Bus transport MBTA bus: 74, 75
7.4 (11.9) Waverley Bus transport MBTA bus: 73, 554
Waltham 8.3 (13.4) Clematis Brook Closed in June 1978. Former junction with the Central Mass Branch, on which passenger service ended in 1971
9.3 (15.0) Beaver Brook Closed in June 1978
2 9.9 (15.9) Disabled access Waltham Bus transport MBTA bus: 61, 70, 170, 505, 553, 554, 556, 558
Bus transport 128BC Waltham Shuttle
10.6 (17.1) Riverview Closed January 17, 1965
11.5 (18.5) Disabled access Brandeis/Roberts Bus transport MBTA bus: 553
3 Weston 13.2 (21.2) Kendal Green
13.7 (22.0) Hastings Limited weekday service
14.7 (23.7) Silver Hill Flag stop with limited weekday service
4 Lincoln 16.7 (26.9) Lincoln
5 Concord 20.1 (32.3) Concord
21.9 (35.2) Disabled access West Concord
6 Acton 25.3 (40.7) Disabled access South Acton Bus transport Cross Acton Transit, MinuteVan, Maynard/Acton Commuter Shuttle
26.8 (43.1) West Acton Closed March 1, 1975
7 Littleton 30.1 (48.4) Disabled access Littleton/Route 495 Bus transport MART: Littleton-Westford Commuter Rail Shuttle
Terminal station for some trains
31.5 (50.7) Littleton Closed March 1, 1975
8 Ayer 36.1 (58.1) Ayer Bus transport MART: Devens Shuttle
Shirley 39.4 (63.4) Shirley Bus transport MART: Devens Shuttle
Leominster 45.1 (72.6) Disabled access North Leominster Bus transport MART: 1, 3
Fitchburg 49.6 (79.8) Disabled access Fitchburg Bus transport MART: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, Intercity/MWCC, Devens Shuttle, Boston Shuttle, Worcester Shuttle
53.7 (86.4) Disabled access Wachusett Bus transport MART: 11, Gardner-Wachusett Commuter
Bus transport Wachusett Mountain shuttle
Gardner 64.9 (104.4) Gardner Closed January 1, 1987
  Currently operating station

References

  1. ^ "Commuter Rail Ridership Counts" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. January 28, 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Ridership and Service Statistics" (PDF) (14th ed.). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Public Transportation/Ski Train". Wachusett Mountain Ski Area. 2016. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d "Fitchburg Rail Line Improvement Project Alternatives Analysis" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. September 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  5. ^ "Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line Improvement Program Project Map" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  6. ^ https://www.wired.com/2010/08/0809thoreau-walden-published/
  7. ^ a b c Karr, Ronald Dale (1995). The Rail Lines of Southern New England. Branch Line Press. pp. 200–205. ISBN 0942147022.
  8. ^ Joint Board for the Metropolitan Master Highway Plan (1 February 1948). The Master Highway Plan for the Boston Metropolitan Area.
  9. ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (July–August 2013). "Busting the Trust". Public Roads. 77 (1). Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
  10. ^ Humphrey, Thomas J.; Clark, Norton D. (1985). Boston's Commuter Rail: The First 150 Years. Boston Street Railway Association. pp. 87, 89. ISBN 9780685412947. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Belcher, Jonathan (December 30, 2016). "Changes to Transit Service in the MBTA district 1964-2016" (PDF). NETransit.
  12. ^ Amory, David (20 January 1975). "MBTA puts bigger bite on 14 'outside' towns for rail costs". Boston Globe. ProQuest 747790884.
  13. ^ O'Keele, John (2 March 1975). "MBTA ends Boston & Maine's Ayer, Littleton, West Acton service; cites deficit". Boston Globe. ProQuest 747807034.
  14. ^ "Take the T to Ski!" (PDF). TRANSReport. Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization. December 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2011.
  15. ^ "An Act Providing for an Accelerated Transportation Development and Improvement Program for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority". Session Laws: 2000. Massachusetts State Legislature. 30 June 2000. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  16. ^ Peterson, Scott (26 December 2004). "Appendix D: CTPS Documentation" (PDF). Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line Service Expansion Study. Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2006. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  17. ^ Central Transportation Planning Staff (January 2004) [May 2003]. "Chapter 5C: Service Expansion" (PDF). 2004 Program for Mass Transportation. Boston Metropolitan Planning Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  18. ^ McMahon Associates (February 2005). "Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line Service Expansion Study" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 18, 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
  19. ^ "Appendix E: Cost Estimates" (PDF). Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line Service Expansion Study. Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 26 December 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
  20. ^ "MBTA Commuter Rail Fitchburg Branch Improvements". Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line Improvement Implementation Plan. Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. September 2005. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  21. ^ Monahan, John J. (30 November 2007). "$150M smile for MBTA: Fitchburg riders get the nod". Worcester Telegram & Gazette. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h "Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line Improvement Project: Project Update June, 2016" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. June 16, 2016. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
  23. ^ a b c d e f "Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line - Project Status" (PDF). December 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2014.
  24. ^ Davis, Nicole (17 June 2013). "Parking problems on the Fitchburg Line, and another 93 closure". Boston Globe. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
  25. ^ a b Stewart, Matt (20 July 2012). "New Look for North Leominster Station". Leominster Champion. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  26. ^ Minch, Jack (23 August 2013). "July heat stalled work on Leominster rail garage". Sentinel and Enterprise. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  27. ^ Sato, Hiriko (18 February 2014). "Builder of Leominster project had Groton woes". Sentinel and Enterprise. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  28. ^ "MART: North Leominster commuter rail parking garage to open Tuesday". Sentinel and Enterprise. 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 14 June 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  29. ^ "Fitchburg Line Schedule" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 4 August 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2014.
  30. ^ Burgess, Anna (November 28, 2014). "Commuter rail will reopen Saturday". Sentinel and Enterprise. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
  31. ^ Petalas, Kimberly (24 October 2014). "MART announces plan for commuter rail access for Gardner residents". Leominster Champion. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  32. ^ Dumcius, Gintautas (11 July 2016). "Massachusetts spending more on Wachusett commuter rail project to cover delays and remain on-time". Mass Live. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  33. ^ Joseph E. Flanagan; et al. (25 March 2013). "Re: MBTA Wachusett Extension Project (Massachusetts) Award No. MA-78-0002" (PDF). Town of Westminster. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  34. ^ "Suspension of Weekend Train Service – Fact Sheet" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  35. ^ "Cambridge Cattle Market", in Cambridge Historical Commission-North Cambridge Stabilization Committee report, 2002
  36. ^ Sheeran, Elizabeth (20 March 2013). "MBTA gets set to lay tracks". The Somerville News. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
  37. ^ Held, Patrick R. (2010). "Massachusetts Bay Colony Railroad Track Charts" (PDF). Johns Hopkins Association for Computing Machinery. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
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