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Grayling, Michigan

Coordinates: 44°39′47″N 84°42′39″W / 44.66306°N 84.71083°W / 44.66306; -84.71083
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Grayling, Michigan
City
City of Grayling
Michigan Avenue facing I-75 BL / M-72
Michigan Avenue facing I-75 BL / M-72
Location within Crawford County
Location within Crawford County
Grayling is located in Michigan
Grayling
Grayling
Location within the state of Michigan
Coordinates: 44°39′47″N 84°42′39″W / 44.66306°N 84.71083°W / 44.66306; -84.71083
CountryUnited States
StateMichigan
CountyCrawford
Founded1872
Government
 • TypeMayor–council
 • MayorHeather Forbes
 • ClerkLisa Johnson
Area
[1]
 • Total2.08 sq mi (5.39 km2)
 • Land2.05 sq mi (5.31 km2)
 • Water0.03 sq mi (0.08 km2)
Elevation
1,138 ft (347 m)
Population
 (2010)[2]
 • Total1,884
 • Estimate 
(2019)[3]
1,851
 • Density902.93/sq mi (348.69/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code(s)
49738, 49739
Area code989
FIPS code26-34640[4]
GNIS feature ID0627264[5]
WebsiteOfficial website

Grayling (/ˈɡreɪlɪŋ/ GRAY-LEENG) is the only city and county seat of Crawford County in the U.S. state of Michigan.[6] The population was 1,884 at the 2010 census.[7] The city is surrounded by Grayling Charter Township, but the two are administered autonomously.

The city is located in the middle of the Northern Michigan region at the junctions of Interstate 75, U.S. Route 127, M-72, and M-93. Grayling is well known for hosting the Au Sable River Canoe Marathon in July of every year since 1947. The city is named after the Grayling species of fish once abundant in the Au Sable River, although the species has long since been extinct in the area. [8] There have been many attempts to bring Grayling back to the area but none have been successful.

History

See also: History of Northern Michigan

Michael Shoat Hartwick was Grayling's first settler. On the west side of the railroad tracks, he built a log hotel. The railroad platted out 40 acres (where Grayling now stands), naming it "Crawford". Fish swimming in the river were identified as grayling, and it is said that the residents preferred the name "Grayling" to the name "Crawford," and renamed the area after the fish.[9]

Grayling's access to two major rivers (Au Sable River and Manistee River), and the presence of the vast forest around it, made it important in the lumber era. Logs were floated down the rivers to the lakes.[10]

Grayling had other names through the years. It was called "AuSable", "Forest", "Crawford Station", and during the lumbering era "Milltown".[11]

Lumbering practices destroyed Arctic grayling breeding grounds in rivers and contributed to their slow decline and eventual disappearance from Northern Michigan.

The Arctic grayling that had inhabited much of Northern Michigan[12] was eventually wiped out. The logging practice of using river beds to move logs in the springtime destroyed the breeding grounds for these fish.[13] Before they could recover, non-native sport fish such as brook trout were introduced in the 1890s[14] and competed with the grayling for food.

The Grayling Fish Hatchery was founded in 1914 by timber baron Rasmus Hanson (1846–1927).[15] He hoped to restore the grayling to the Au Sable River system; ironically, its disappearance was caused, at least in part, by the massive habitat destruction caused by logging, which was the source of Mr. Hanson's and other lumber barons' immense wealth. Other famous contributors to the initial costs of the hatchery included Henry Ford, Edsel Ford, and Thomas Edison.[15] The grayling became extinct in Michigan. Nevertheless, the hatchery continued to play an important role in natural resource conservation. In 1926, it was sold to the state of Michigan. It continued to be operated as a fish hatchery and tourist attraction until the mid-1960s. In 1995, Michigan sold the property to Crawford County. It is being operated by a privately owned fish farm, although continues to be open to the public during the summer.[16]

An important person in the history of Grayling is Rasmus Hanson. Hanson was born in 1846 in Denmark and immigrated to the United States in 1867 at age 16, when he began work in the lumber field. Two years later, E. N. Salling, Nelson Michelson, and he organized the first Salling-Hanson Company. After nearly 50 years of service, the Salling Hanson Company had shut down its operation in January 1927. He was a successful entrepreneur and created many businesses in Northern Michigan. Along with being one of three lumber barons of Northern Michigan, Hanson owned the Michigan Sugar Company and the Bay City Sugar Company. In 1916, he donated 13,826 acres of cut-over land in Crawford County to the state of Michigan for use as a forest game preserve and military reservation. This land became the first state-owned game preserve. The area south of Lake Margrethe (named in honor of Hanson’s wife, Margrethe) continues to be used as a National Guard base that serves Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana guards.[17] Since 1947, Grayling has been the starting point of the Au Sable River Canoe Marathon, which is held every year on the last weekend of July.[18] This is the longest nonstop canoe race in North America.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.04 square miles (5.28 km2), of which 2.01 square miles (5.21 km2) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km2) (1.47%) is water.[7]

  • The middle branch of the Au Sable River passes through the city.
  • According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.04 square miles (5.28 km2), of which 2.01 square miles (5.21 km2) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km2) is water.[19]
  • Nearby Camp Grayling (donated by Rasmus Hanson) is the nation's largest National Guard training site and the largest military installation east of the Mississippi River. 147,000 acres (590 km2) are used for year-round training conducted by the U.S. National Guard, as well as active and reserve components of the Army, Air Force, Marine Corps and Navy.
  • The city is near Lake Margrethe.
  • Hartwick Pines State Park is just 7 miles (11 km) north and northeast of Grayling.
  • The Huron portion of the Huron-Manistee National Forests is about the same distance due east.
  • North Down River Road is east of the city along the Au Sable River, which runs parallel to it. It is a designated National Scenic Byway for the 23 miles (37 km) that go into Oscoda. The Lumberman's Monument is located along the byway.
  • An oilfield is located about 4 miles (6.4 km) south of M-93 on Military Road.

Geographic features

  • Much of the area sits on the "Grayling outwash plain", a unique habitat named for the city.[20]

Climate

This climatic region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Grayling has a humid continental climate, Dfb on climate maps.[21]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19101,775—
19202,45038.0%
19301,973−19.5%
19402,1247.7%
19502,066−2.7%
19602,015−2.5%
19702,1436.4%
19801,792−16.4%
19901,9448.5%
20001,9520.4%
20101,884−3.5%
2019 (est.)1,851[3]−1.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[22]

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 1,884 people, 764 households, and 419 families residing in the city. The population density was 937.3 inhabitants per square mile (361.9/km2). There were 890 housing units at an average density of 442.8 per square mile (171.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.2% White, 0.7% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.

There were 764 households, of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.9% were married couples living together, 16.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.2% were non-families. 37.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 38.6 years. 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.9% were from 25 to 44; 22.1% were from 45 to 64; and 20.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.7% male and 53.3% female.

2000 census

As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 1,952 people, 828 households, and 481 families residing in the city. The population density was 972.1 per square mile (375.0/km2). There were 895 housing units at an average density of 445.7 per square mile (171.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.88% White, 0.51% African American, 0.87% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.54% of the population.

There were 828 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.4% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 38.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 22.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 70.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,250, and the median income for a family was $29,850. Males had a median income of $29,167 versus $20,060 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,089. About 21.6% of families and 21.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.5% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Historical sites and local events

The area is proud of its history, and has preserved landmarks, which it uses for historical events, including reenactments.[23]

  • Crawford County Historical Museum: Located in downtown's restored railroad depot, the museum offers a nostalgic look at the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly the lumbering era. The depot was saved from demolition by a community effort. The grounds also include a caboose, a military building dedicated to Camp Grayling and local ex-military personnel, a trapper's cabin, and an old-fashioned fire station.
  • Wellington Farm Park is a 60-acre (240,000 m2), non-profit living history museum It is dedicated to interpretation of farm life during the Great Depression. Many farming activities are conducted daily with vintage equipment, tools, and methods. The park has many historical buildings including a blacksmith shop, farm market, gristmill, pavilion, sawmill, and summer kitchen. A nature trail is there. Several events are hosted throughout the summer and fall, including "Dairy Days", "Tractor & Engine Show", "Punkin-Chunkin", Halloween Hayrides, and numerous weekend activities. The farm is located on Military Road West of I-75.
  • Lake Margrethe is an important attraction of Camp Grayling, and was named after the wife of Rasmus Hanson. It is a favorite fishing and recreation lake for soldiers in their off-duty hours, but also has much use from area residents, campers, and tourists, who access it from the state forest campground located at the lake's northwest corner.
  • A number of recurring events occur in the area. A calendar is available.[24]
  • Grayling is the starting point for the Weyerhauser Au Sable River Canoe Marathon, which runs 120 miles (190 km) from Grayling to Oscoda. It is one of three marathon races that constitute canoe racing's Triple Crown. The race is always held the last full weekend in July during the town's annual AuSable River Festival.
  • Hartwick Pines State Park – the location of one of the few remaining old growth eastern white pine forests – has events throughout the year.[25] Particularly notable are "cross country skiing by lantern light" on numerous dates throughout the winter.[24]
  • Kirtland Center for the Performing Arts, located at the Kirtland Community College in Roscommon, Michigan, hosts many visiting performers, including regular visits from The Second City traveling ensemble.[26]

Parks and recreation

  • Grayling is noted as the "Canoe Capital of the World". Several canoe liveries operate on the Au Sable River in Grayling; Jim's Canoe Rental, Carlisle's Canoe, Penrods Resort, and Borchers Canoe & Kayak, the Manistee River is located just west of Grayling.
  • Cross-country skiing is an important opportunity in Grayling, which has two of the top-rated cross-country venues in Michigan, namely Hartwick Pines State Park Trails and Mason Tract Pathway.[27] Forbush Corners in nearby Frederic, Michigan, is a world-recognized center for education and training in cross-country skiing, and benefits from early and late snow due to a snow-belt microclimate. Accomplished amateur ski racer David Forbush designed, maintains, and grooms "one of the finest privately owned systems in the Midwest."[28]
  • The grayling are gone, but the rainbow trout, brook trout, and brown trout remain. Grayling is a hotbed of fly fishing and angling on the edge of some world-class streams, rivers, and lakes. Particularly notable are two nearby rivers which parallel each other: the Au Sable River, which runs east to Lake Huron and the Manistee River, which runs West to Lake Michigan. Trout abound, driven to a feeding frenzy by prolific and multiple insect hatches.[29]
  • As is true in the rest of Michigan, white-tailed deer hunting is locally considered to be a 'sacrament' and the firearms deer opener (November 15) its 'holy day of obligation.' With 70% of Crawford County owned by federal and state government, and open to the public, it is a popular hunting destination.[30]
  • Snow shoeing and snow mobile riding are activities that fit right into the local weather and topography.[31]
  • Hanson Hills was the first downhill ski area in Michigan. It opened in 1929.[32]
  • Michigan Shore to Shore Riding & Hiking Trail passes through Grayling. It runs from Empire to Oscoda, and points north and south. It is a 500-mile (800 km) interconnected system of trails.[33]
  • Kirtland's warbler has its habitat in the area.[34]
  • Grayling was home to Fred Bear and Bear Archery Company.[35]

Military

Camp Grayling is a Michigan National Guard training facility located near the city. It is the largest National Guard training base in the United States. Through the year, around 10,000 troops train at the base, and it generates an estimated $20 million in local economic activity.[36]

Government

Grayling City Hall

The city levies an income tax of 1% on residents and 0.5% on nonresidents.[37]

Education

The Crawford AuSable School District is the primary school district for the county, serving the city of Grayling and the nearby community. The district consists of one high school, one middle school, and one elementary school, which serve about 1600 students. In 2013, Grayling High School was ranked at 1503 on Newsweek's America's best high school rating, which rated the top 2000 public high schools in the US based on graduation rate, college acceptance rate, AP tests taken per student, average AP scores, number of students enrolled in AP courses, and average SAT/ACT scores. In 2014, the National Association of State Boards of Education named the district as the top performing rural school district in Michigan.[38][39][40]

Media

  • The Crawford County Avalanche is the newspaper of record for Crawford County, and is published in Grayling, Michigan.[41]

Transportation

Major highways

Grayling is 4 miles (6.4 km) north of the confluence of two major north–south freeways: I-75 and US 127, and the junction with M-72, an east–west cross-peninsular state highway route.

Bus travel

Notable people

References

  1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  3. ^ a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  4. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  6. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  7. ^ a b "Michigan: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts 2010 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). 2010 United States Census. United States Census Bureau. September 2012. p. 20 Michigan. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  8. ^ "Michigan Grayling Only a Memory". Michigan Department of Natural Resources.
  9. ^ "Profile for Grayling, Michigan, MI". ePodunk. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  10. ^ "Grayling Area Visitors Bureau". Archived from the original on 2007-12-21.
  11. ^ Ibid. Archived 2007-12-21 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Fuller, Pam; Cannister, Matt; Neilson, Matt. "Thymallus arcticus (Pallas, 1776)". US Geological Survey. Retrieved 22 April 2016. "Formerly in Great Lakes basin, Michigan" (with map showing Northern Michigan highlighted)
  13. ^ "Michigan Grayling Only a Memory". Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  14. ^ Borgelt, Bryon (2009). "Flies only: early sportfishing conservation on Michigan's Au Sable River". University of Toledo Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1042: ii. "By the 1890s, the grayling were all but gone due in part to overfishing, commercial lumbering, and the introduction of non-native brook trout.
  15. ^ a b "Rasmus Hanson picture and biography". Archived from the original on 2009-01-07.
  16. ^ "Grayling Recreation Authority, fish hatchery".
  17. ^ Granlund, Bill (January 25, 2013). "A Step Back in Time: Selling Hanson Co. saw mills cut last log in 1927". petoskeynews.com. Retrieved 15 April 2013., originally published in the Otsego County Herald Times, October 6, 1927
  18. ^ "AuSable River Canoe Marathon". ausablecanoemarathon.org.
  19. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-01-25. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  20. ^ "NPWRC :: Regional Landscape". usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-25.
  21. ^ "Grayling, Michigan Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase.
  22. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  23. ^ Grayling Area Visitors Bureau. Archived 2007-12-21 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ a b "Chember of Commerce calendar of events". Archived from the original on 2007-10-17.
  25. ^ "Hartwick Pines State Park".
  26. ^ "Kirtland Center for the Performing Arts, Kirtland College".
  27. ^ "Rankings of best cross country skiing in Michigan". Archived from the original on 2008-04-04.
  28. ^ Rankings and Discussion of Forbush corners Archived 2005-05-07 at the Wayback Machine Forbush Corners website
  29. ^ "Fly fish connection". Archived from the original on 2007-12-18.
  30. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2012-12-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  31. ^ "Grayling visitor center". Archived from the original on 2008-07-03.
  32. ^ "Hanson Hills".
  33. ^ Michigan Shore to Shore Riding and Hiking Trail.
  34. ^ Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Kirtland's Warbler Populations Continue to Grow. Archived 2007-12-23 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ "Fred Bear". Retrieved August 21, 2012.
  36. ^ "Camp Grayling Military Installation". Grayling Visitor's Bureau.
  37. ^ Gibbons, Lauren (August 16, 2017). "Michigan State University, city of East Lansing at odds over proposed income tax". MLive Lansing. Mlive Media Group. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  38. ^ "Crawford AuSable School District" (PDF). National Association of State Boards of Education.
  39. ^ "Dr. Richard Zeile visits a Top-Perfoming [sic] Rural School District in Michigan". Metavision.
  40. ^ "2013 America's Best High Schools". Newsweek.
  41. ^ "Crawford County Avalanche".
  42. ^ "Picture of northern terminus US 127 at Grayling, Michigan". Archived from the original on 2008-05-23.
  43. ^ "Endpoints of US highways". Archived from the original on 2009-10-27.
  44. ^ "EAST LANSING-PETOSKEY-ST. IGNACE" (PDF). Indian Trails. January 15, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2014. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
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