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1994 Costa Rican general election

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1994 Costa Rican general election

← 1990 6 February 1994 (1994-02-06) 1998 →
Turnout81.1%
Presidential election
 
Candidate José María Figueres Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
Party PLN PUSC
Popular vote 739,339 711,328
Percentage 49.6% 47.7%

Provinces won by Figueres in Green, Rodríguez in blue

President before election

Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
PUSC

Elected President

José María Figueres
PLN

Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
PLN José María Figueres 44.6% 28 +3
PUSC Miguel Ángel Rodríguez 40.4% 25 −4
PFD Vladimir de la Cruz 5.3% 2 0
PUAC Juan Guillermo Brenes Castillo 1.1% 1 0
PAN Víctor Hugo Núñez Torres 0.9% 1 New
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

General elections were held in Costa Rica on 6 February 1994.[1] José María Figueres of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81.1%.[2]

Campaign

The primary election were the main focus of controversy during this campaign, as they were particularly negative. In the case of PUSC Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría made a second attempt to earn the nomination running against José Joaquín Trejos Fonseca, son of former president José Joaquín Trejos Fernández. The campaign was very ideological with Trejos accusing Rodríguez of not really being Christian Democrat nor following the ideals of Christian socialism and instead being neoliberal. Rodríguez indeed acknowledged to follow classical liberalism and advocated for small government, but without completely abandon Christian Democracy's ideas.[3]

PLN's primary was more focus on personal attacks. In it José María Figueres Olsen, son of PLN's caudillo and former president José Figueres Ferrer, faced popular anti-corruption and anti-narcotraffic deputy José Miguel Corrales, alongside other candidates like former First Lady Margarita Penón (wife of Óscar Arias) and San José Mayor Rolando Araya (nephew of former president Luis Alberto Monge). Thus, most candidates except Corrales came from important political families. Figueres' image was affected by the "Chemise Case", the allegations that he was involved in the murder of a young drug dealer while in custody during one of his father's governments.[3] Figueres sued the authors of the book accusing him, and won, but the controversy was still used by Corrales in campaign, to no avail as Figueres won the primary election. Corrales did not support him afterward.[3]

The negative campaign continue after the primaries. Rodríguez used the "Chemise Case" too and also accused Figueres of not being Catholic and belonging to the Christian Science cult, of having a military upraising due to his father's past as revolutionary caudillo and the fact that he's a West Point graduate, etc., in order to caused fear of an authoritarian government.[3] Figueres campaign on the other hand tried to show Rodríguez as a cold, heartless entrepreneur with neoliberal ideas as a counterpart to Figueres socialdemocratic ideology.[3]

Results

President

Candidate Party Votes %
José María Figueres National Liberation Party 739,339 49.6
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Social Christian Unity Party 711,328 47.7
Miguel "Salguero" Zúñiga Díaz Democratic Force 28,274 1.9
Rafael Ángel Matamoros Mesén Christian National Alliance 4,980 0.3
Jorge González Mesén National Independent Party 2,426 0.2
Norma Vargas Duarte Generaleña Union 2,159 0.1
Holman Esquivel Garrote Independent Party 1,600 0.1
Invalid/blank votes 35,882 -
Total 1,525,979 100
Source: Nohlen

Legislative Assembly

Party Votes % Seats +/-
National Liberation Party 658,258 44.6 28 +3
Social Christian Unity Party 595,802 40.4 25 -4
Democratic Force 78,454 5.3 2 New
Generaleña Union 25,420 1.7 0 -1
Christian National Alliance 21,064 1.4 0 0
People's Vanguard Party 20,026 1.4 0 New
Cartago Agrarian Union Party 16,336 1.1 1 0
National Agrarian Party 13,589 0.9 1 New
National Independent Party 1,767 0.9 0 0
Alajuelense Democratic Action 11,630 0.8 0 New
Independent Party 9,213 0.6 0 0
Limonese Authentic Party 5,468 0.4 0 0
Agrarian Labour Action Party 3,859 0.3 0 0
Independent Guanacaste Party 2,843 0.2 0 New
Convergencia Nacional 864 0.1 0 New
Invalid/blank votes 50,031 - - -
Total 1,525,624 100 57 0
Source: Nohlen

Ballot

References

  1. ^ Nohlen, D (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p155 ISBN 978-0-19-928357-6
  2. ^ Nohlen, p157
  3. ^ a b c d e Picado León, Hugo. "Proceso de selección de candid atos a presidente y diputados en el PLN y el PUSC (1990-2006)" (PDF). Proyecto OIR/OPAL.