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Frank Roper (artist)

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Frank Roper
The last supper, St.Michael-le-Grand church, York (1968)
Born(1914-12-12)12 December 1914
Haworth, Yorkshire, England
Died3 December 2000(2000-12-03) (aged 85)
NationalityBritish
Known forSculptor, stained-glass artist
SpouseNora Ellison (1918–1999)

Frank Roper MBE (12 December 1914 – 3 December 2000) was a British sculptor and stained-glass artist who undertook commissions for churches and cathedrals across Wales and England.

In addition to religious commissions, Roper created a wide variety of sculptures which were sold privately and to corporate bodies. His non-religious sculpture included animals and birds, as well as animated sculptures and musical fountains.

Biography

Frank Roper was born 12 December 1914 in Haworth, Yorkshire. He studied at Keighley Art School (meeting his future wife, Nora Ellison) and the Royal College of Art, London, where he was a student of Henry Moore.[1][2] In 1947 he became a sculpture lecturer at Cardiff College of Art,[3] later vice principal until 1964.[4] He retired from the college in 1973 "to be free to play my own games".[1] He lived in Penarth and created his own foundry on the ground floor of his house where he made his metal sculptures.[1] Roper has been credited with inventing the lost-polystyrene casting process.[5]

Crucifixion with Mary and John, St German's Church, Cardiff (1965)

Many of Roper's early commissions stemmed from the need to repair places of worship after they had suffered bomb damage during World War II. He went on to become one of the most prolific of all post-War artists undertaking church commissions.[6] His major commissions included work for Llandaff Cathedral,[1] Durham Cathedral, St David's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire and Peterborough Cathedral. He created a wall-mounted "Stations of the Cross" (1959) for St Martin's in Roath, Cardiff, "Crucifixion with Mary and John" (1965) outside St German's Church, Adamsdown, Cardiff and an aluminium reredos screen (1968) for St Martin le Grand, York.[1][7][8] Roper also created engraved and stained glass, for example at St Peter's Church, Chippenham.[9]

Two BBC television programmes were made about Roper, one in 1964 ("Mind into Metal – Frank Roper, Sculptor")[5] and the other in 1976 ("Look, Stranger: Sculpture and Singing Fountains", in which Roper was interviewed by René Cutforth). Roper's non-religious sculpture includes cast aluminium figures of birds and animals, some of which were animated; and fountains that produced musical sounds using the principle of the water organ. [10][11]

Two of Roper's works are in the collection of National Museum Wales: St Michael and the Devil and Horse.[12]

Roper was awarded the MBE in 1991[13] for his services to art.

He died at the end of 2000.[1] In 2014 an exhibition marking the centenary year of his birth was held at the Travellers Gallery, Barry.[3] A memorial service at Llandaff Cathedral was held on the centenary date, 12 December 2014.[14][15] The "Frank Roper Centre" opened in February 2019 at the Church of the Resurrection in Ely, Cardiff; a permanent exhibition of Roper's life and works.[16]

Lost-polystyrene casting in aluminium

Roper working at home
Elderly man carving a white sculpture
Creating a polystyrene figure
Elderly man pouring molten metal
Casting in aluminium

Roper was one of the first sculptors to adopt the lost-polystyrene method, almost always casting in aluminium, perfecting the technique in 1964.[17] It is now used widely in manufacturing (known as lost-foam casting).

Over his career Roper worked in wood, stone and bronze,[18] but many of his ecclesiastical commissions, as well as his musical fountains and water clocks, were cast in aluminium. He became interested in aluminium in the 1950s; the Stations of the Cross for St Martin's in Roath, Cardiff, completed in 1959, were an early example of his religious art in the metal.[19]

His work for Christ Church in Roath (1964)[20] may have been his first commission using the lost-polystyrene method, a casting process recognisable by the texture of the metal, as the pitted nature of the expanded polystyrene remains visible.[21]

Crucifix, Peterborough Cathedral (1974)

Modelling in expanded polystyrene allowed Roper to work on a larger scale. It is light and strong, enabling complicated structures to be built. The lower cost of aluminium, compared to bronze for example, made it possible to use sculpture where normally there would not be sufficient money available.[22] Having his own home foundry also kept costs down and allowed for a very direct relationship with the finished work – "conception, creation and casting became one continuous process" he told the Church Times in 1994.[17]

In the 1976 BBC documentary Look Stranger,[10] Roper explains that he would sculpt from a solid block of expanded polystyrene using a hot wire, soldering irons, home-made whittlers and sand-paper:

"I like to use polystyrene. This is the most direct means of casting. One can enjoy the modelling and realise that the casting is very little effort. Once I've got the thing in polystyrene it's almost finished. The polystyrene is sunk into sand. I use dry sand from one of the beaches down here. You pour metal on top, then the polystyrene vaporises, the metal fills the space where the polystyrene was and you're left with an aluminium casting... if the casting fails I've lost the model."

Roper is credited with inventing the process[1][5] although other artists were developing this technique at the same time, including the sculptor Geoffrey Clarke,[23] working in East Anglia. The Canadian sculptor Armand Vaillancourt [24] as well as Alfred M Duca, a sculptor and research associate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,[25] are also noted to have been the first to cast in this way.

Stained and etched glass

Stained-glass window by Roper in St Mary's church, Talbenny, Pembrokeshire

Roper has stained glass or etched windows in over twenty churches in Wales and England. His wife Nora, an artist in her own right, influenced the colours[15] as well as the symbolism depicted in the designs, for example with the 'flower calendar' window in St Michael's Church, Michaelston-le-Pit[18] and Christ in Majesty, a window in St Illtyd's Church, Llantwit Fardre.

His approach to stained-glass windows was unique, combining cast aluminium forms with coloured antique glass and knapped chunks of float glass. These were bonded together in various formations and set into window openings creating a relief form of stained glass.[26]

The cast aluminium incorporated within the designs often added further depth and dimension.[22] "That's the important thing about them", Roper notes in the documentary Look Stranger, "they are primarily sculpture, so at night when there's no light coming in from outside we have an interesting relief."[10] An example can be seen in Virgin and Child, a window in St Augustine's in Rumney, Cardiff; Peter Leech in The Religious Art of Frank Roper describes the "literally outstanding" metal "delineat[ing] the figure emerging from a profundity of deep blue glass".[18]

The sculptural nature of his stained glass can also be seen in his windows depicting the Stations of the Cross at the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace, Newcastle Emlyn, with Leech observing "the sombre metal silhouetted against the lambent glass".[18] Another set of Stations of the Cross can be found in St Peter's Church in Chippenham: small intensely coloured, built-in stained glass panels set within aluminium tracery.[27]

Roper's window depicting the Resurrection in St Mary's, Talbenny, Pembrokeshire, one of three in that church, is an example of his use of small chunks of knapped glass fixed to the surface in order to catch and disperse light.[22]

Perhaps his most notable examples of etched glass are at St Peter's Church in Chippenham, including the large St Peter's Window occupying an entire wall and featuring three predominant images of St Peter as well as images linked to St Peter's story.[27] He and Nora were commissioned to provide a comprehensive scheme, which also included sculpture, a screen and stained-glass windows.[28]

Ecclesiastical works

England

Church/cathedral Location County or unitary authority Category Description Date Reference(s)
St. Brendan's Sixth Form College chapel Brislington Bristol Glass Stations of the Cross etchings on glass Unknown [29]
St Bernadette's Church Whitchurch Bristol Sculpture Suspended crucifix 1982 [30]
Peterborough Cathedral Peterborough Cambridgeshire Sculpture Crucifix (suspended above main altar) 1974 [1]
Durham Cathedral Durham County Durham Lettering Panel of lettering for the tomb of St Bede 1970 [1]
Stoke Christian Centre Stoke, Plymouth Devon Glass A long frieze window depicting the Creation (the Centre was originally called Stoke Methodist Church) Unknown [18]
All Saints Church Branston Lincolnshire Sculpture Reredos, originally installed in Grimsby Minster; restored and moved to All Saints in 2018. 1972 [31]
St Thomas' Church Brompton North Yorkshire Sculpture Reredos of the Last Supper in aluminium, collaboration with George Pace 1965 [32]
St Martin-le-Grand Church York North Yorkshire Sculpture Gilt aluminium reredos of the Last Supper 1968 [1]
Wells Cathedral Wells Somerset Sculpture Set of Nativity and Epiphany figures in aluminium 1978-9 [18]
St Leonard & St Jude Scawsby, Doncaster South Yorkshire Sculpture Unknown [33]
Chapel of Our Lady of Rotherham Bridge Rotherham South Yorkshire Sculpture Sculpture of Our Lady in aluminium Unknown [34]
All Hallows' Church Hyde Park, Leeds West Yorkshire Furnishings Three light fittings with lettering, in aluminium Unknown [35]
All Hallows' Church Hyde Park, Leeds West Yorkshire Glass Stained-glass east window of the Risen Christ Unknown [35]
St Peter's Church Chippenham Wiltshire Glass Comprehensive architectural glass scheme in collaboration with his wife, Nora 1968 [9][1]
St John's Parks, Swindon Wiltshire Sculpture [33]

Wales

Church/cathedral Location County or unitary authority Category Description Date Reference(s)
St Crallo's Church Coychurch Bridgend Glass Etched glass west windows c. 1963 [36]
Church of St Mary Magdalen Kenfig Bridgend Glass Stained glass in nave's south window Unknown [37]
Church of St James Pyle Bridgend Sculpture Aluminium figure of Christ reigning from the Cross Unknown [2]
St Martin's Church Caerphilly Caerphilly Glass St Francis window 1973 [38]
St Ilan's Church Eglwysilan Caerphilly Glass Window in south nave, Saint John 1961 [39]
Church of St Catwg Gelligaer Caerphilly Glass Stained glass in nave's north window Unknown [40]
St Andrew's Church Penyrheol Caerphilly Sculpture Sculpture of Christ suspended over the high altar Unknown [41]
St German's Church Adamsdown Cardiff Sculpture Wrought iron Crucifixion with Mary and John in the church forecourt 1965 [8][42]
St John the Baptist Church Cardiff city centre Cardiff Sculpture Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary and St John in the Lady Chapel 1969 [2]
Church of the Resurrection Ely Cardiff Furnishings Illuminated cross above the high altar and in the memorial chapel a screen and two sets of candlesticks Unknown [43][44]
Church of the Resurrection Ely Cardiff Sculpture Aluminium crucifix in a memorial chapel Unknown [45][44]
St Peter's Church Fairwater Cardiff Sculpture Vine Christ, sculpture in aluminium 1962 [17]
St Dyfrig & St Samson Grangetown Cardiff Sculpture Aluminium crucifix in the churchyard Unknown [18]
St Denys Church Lisvane Cardiff Sculpture Stone Memorial Cross in the churchyard 1964 [46]
St Denys Church Lisvane Cardiff Furnishings Two candlesticks and bookrest in aluminium, seat and inbuilt credence table and marble altar (Roper design) 1979 [47][18][46]
St Denys Church Lisvane Cardiff Sculpture Reredos in gilded aluminium - Christ figure with four Passion-nail shaped candle-holders 1979 [47][18][46]
Howell's School Llandaff Cardiff Sculpture Exterior: Statue of Our Lady in a niche Unknown [48]
Llandaff Cathedral Llandaff Cardiff Sculpture Twelve gilded bronze panels of Welsh flowers mounted on the medieval reredos of the Lady Chapel 1964 [1]
Llandaff Cathedral Llandaff Cardiff Sculpture Six bronze plaques commemorating Saint Teilo 1973 [18]
Llandaff Cathedral Llandaff Cardiff Lettering George Pace memorial - gilt bronze lettering (South Choir Aisle) 1978 [49]
Llandaff Cathedral Llandaff Cardiff Sculpture Bronze sculpture in the Lady Chapel of St Francis preaching to the birds 1991 [50]
Llandaff Cathedral Llandaff Cardiff Lettering Panel of lettering in the Welch Regimental Chapel - aluminium Unknown [51]
Chapel of St Michael's College Llandaff Cardiff Sculpture Winged figure of St Michael with a sword, standing over the devil - exterior of the west wall Unknown [52][2]
St Faith's Church Llanishen Cardiff Furnishings Two tall candlestick in aluminium Unknown [53][54]
St Faith's Church Llanishen Cardiff Sculpture Crucifix in aluminium fixed to interior glass Unknown [53][54]
Christ Church Roath Park Cardiff Sculpture Aluminium Crucifix in the church forecourt, 1.2 metres high 1964 [47][55]
Christ Church Roath Park Cardiff Lettering Lettering in aluminium: 'Christ Church Parish Church', outside wall of the Lady Chapel (1997) 1997 [56]
Christ Church Roath Park Cardiff Furnishings Multiple furnishings, mostly in aluminium. Inside: High altar (concrete), support for missal stand, two candlesticks (1964); Lady Chapel altar (concrete), support for missal stand (1964); Processional cross; Altar canopy with inlaid lights; Pulpit balustrade and reading lamp; Small coat of arms; Supports for credence table and flower pot shelf; Confessional desk with frame; Sacristy bell (1998); Font and font cover (1964); Font ewer (tall jug with lid) (1964); Two hymn number stands (1964 and 1994); Two churchwarden wands (1986); Sacristy room: crucifix (bronze with copper escutcheon) and Holy Water scoop (1998) Outside: Memorial garden bronze plaque (1997); Church notice board; Creation plaque, with four sections 1964-1998 [56]
Christ Church Roath Park Cardiff Sculpture Sanctuary Crucifix in bronze, placed above the pulpit (height 1.22m) Early 1980s [56]
Christ Church Roath Park Cardiff Sculpture Figure depicting Christ in Majesty inset in temple-style frame, aluminium Unknown [56]
St Martin's Church Roath Cardiff Sculpture Aluminium, Stations of the Cross 1959 [18]
St Martin's Church Roath Cardiff Sculpture Wood carving of St Martin and the Beggar 1956/7 [18]
St Martin's Church Roath Cardiff Furnishings Two aluminium candlesticks positioned either side of a Roper crucifix (east wall of north aisle) Unknown [2]
St Martin's Church Roath Cardiff Lettering 'I am the living bread'': Reredos consisting of lettering mounted on wall, east wall of the chancel Unknown [2]
St Martin's Church Roath Cardiff Sculpture Aluminium crucifix with two pieces placed either side suggesting thorns and berries (east wall of north aisle) Unknown [2]
St Augustine's Church Rumney Cardiff Glass Representation of Virgin and Child, internal glass panel 1969 [18]
St Saviour's Church Splott Cardiff Glass Two windows in the north aisle 1964 [57]
St Saviour's Church Splott Cardiff Sculpture Aluminium, Stations of the Cross 1964 [18]
St Michael and All Angels Tongwynlais Cardiff Glass Stained glass - east window Unknown [33][58]
Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace Newcastle Emlyn Carmarthenshire Glass Architectural stained glass windows depicting the Stations of the Cross (north, south and east walls of the nave) 1971-73 [59][60][61]
Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace Newcastle Emlyn Carmarthenshire Glass 'The Resurrection' - stained glass window in the entrance hall 1973 [60]
Priory Church of St Mary Abergavenny Monmouthshire Sculpture Crucifix Unknown [2]
Church of St Mary Margam Neath Port Talbot Sculpture Aluminium hanging rood Unknown [2]
The Church of St Thomas Neath Neath Port Talbot Glass Stained glass window depicting the martyrdom of St Thomas Becket 1971 [62]
St David's Church Neath Neath Port Talbot Glass Two stained glass windows of musical angels 1981 [2]
The Church of St Peter and St Paul Neath Neath Port Talbot Furnishings Mother’s Union banner in aluminium, featuring four flowers associated with the Virgin Mary with their Welsh names Unknown [63][33]
Holy Trinity Church Christchurch Newport Furnishings Candlestick and crucifix in aluminium Unknown [64]
St Bride's Roman Catholic Church Saundersfoot Pembrokeshire Sculpture Crucifix on the roof Unknown [2]
St Davids Cathedral St Davids Pembrokeshire Furnishings Lady chapel screen 1973 [1]
St Mary's Church Talbenny Pembrokeshire Glass Windows depicting the Resurrection, St David and St Bride Unknown [18]
St Mary's Church Talbenny Pembrokeshire Sculpture Virgin and child - figure in aluminium 1970s [2]
St Issui's Church Partrishow Powys Sculpture Figure of Saint Issui in aluminium 1995 [18]
Church of St Illtyd Llantwit Fardre Rhondda Cynon Taf Glass Christ in Majesty stained glass window 1974 [2]
Christ Church Ynysybwl Rhondda Cynon Taf Glass Christ surrounded by a crown of thorns stained glass east window Unknown [65]
St Peter's Church Blaenavon Torfaen Glass Stained glass windows Unknown [33]
All Saints Church Barry Vale of Glamorgan Glass Sanctuary window Supper at Emmaus c. 1971 [66]
St Tydfil's Church Llysworney Vale of Glamorgan Glass Christ as King and as Good Shepherd semi-abstract stained glass with thickenings 1972 [67]
Church of St Michael and All Angels Michaelston-le-Pit Vale of Glamorgan Glass Windows of seasons in flowers in the Chancel c. 1986 [68]
All Saints Penarth Vale of Glamorgan Glass Two-light window with standing figures of St Clare and St Francis, set in a landscape with flowers. Crucifixion above and texts below in separate panels 1987 [69]
St Augustine's Penarth Vale of Glamorgan Furnishings Pulpit rail, depicting flowers, lettering and an open bible Unknown [70]
St Augustine's Penarth Vale of Glamorgan Sculpture Sculpture of St Augustine in aluminium Unknown [71]
Church of St Mary Penmark Vale of Glamorgan Sculpture Bronze figure of the Virgin Mary Unknown [2]
St John the Baptist Sully Vale of Glamorgan Glass Stained glass window Unknown [33]
Church of St Mary Wenvoe Vale of Glamorgan Glass Stained glass window above the doors to the tower, depicting the Virgin and Child framed in a Jesse tree 1981 [2][72]

References

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  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Frank Roper". Imaging the Bible in Wales database. University of Wales Trinity Saint David. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
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Sources

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