Trochilinae

Trochilinae
	Broad-billed Hummingbird male Cynanthus latirostris, Madera Canyon, Arizona
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Subfamily:	Trochilinae; Jardine, 1833
Genera
	About 100, see text

Trochilinae is a subfamily of the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). Members of the subfamily Trochilinae are sometimes called typical hummingbirds. They typically display iridescent plumage in metallic reds, oranges, greens and/or blues. Strong sexual dimorphism in plumage and size is evident in many species.^[1]

Distribution

Hummingbirds in Trochilinae are found in America, from Alaska to the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego. There is great diversity in almost the entire Central American isthmus, Colombia, and Venezuela. The country with the greatest diversity of this species is Ecuador, which has 132 species equivalent to 40% of the world total, however the country with the highest number of these is Colombia with up to 165 species throughout its territory.^[2]

Reproduction

Calliope Hummingbird (*Selasphorus calliope*) female feeding two chicks

To court the interest of the female, the male performs a dance. After the females have been fertilized, they build a small nest lined internally with spider web, cotton, lichen or moss. The nest is often built in a low bush. The female lays two eggs in a period of two days and hatches within 14 to 19 days. Then, the hummingbirds feed their young for about three to four weeks at this time the female travels from the nest up to 140 times a day to feed her young.

Taxonomic list

Image	Genus	Living species
	Topaza	Crimson topaz, Topaza pella Fiery topaz, Topaza pyra'
	Florisuga	White-necked jacobin, Florisuga mellivora Black jacobin, Florisuga fuscus
	Doryfera	Green-fronted lancebill, Doryfera ludovicae Blue-fronted lancebill, Doryfera johannae
	Schistes	Geoffroy's daggerbill, Schistes geoffroyi White-throated daggerbill, Schistes albogularis
	Augastes	Hyacinth visorbearer, Augastes scutatus Hooded visorbearer, Augastes lumachella
	Colibri	Brown violetear, Colibri delphinae Mexican violetear, Colibri thalassinus Lesser violetear, Colibri cyanotus Sparkling violetear, Colibri coruscans White-vented violetear, Colibri serrirostris
	Androdon	Tooth-billed hummingbird, Androdon aequatorialis
	Heliactin	Horned sungem, Heliactin bilophus
	Heliothryx	Purple-crowned fairy, Heliothryx barroti Black-eared fairy, Heliothryx auritus
	Polytmus	White-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus guainumbi Tepui goldenthroat, Polytmus milleri Green-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus theresiae
	Avocettula	Fiery-tailed awlbill, Avocettula recurvirostris
	Chrysolampis	Ruby-topaz hummingbird, Chrysolampis mosquitus
	Anthracothorax	Green-throated mango, Anthracothorax viridigula Green-breasted mango, Anthracothorax prevostii Black-throated mango, Anthracothorax nigricollis Veraguan mango, Anthracothorax veraguensis Antillean mango, Anthracothorax dominicus Green mango, Anthracothorax viridis Jamaican mango, Anthracothorax mango
	Eulampis	Purple-throated carib, Eulampis jugularis Green-throated carib, Eulampis holosericeus
	Heliangelus	Orange-throated sunangel, Heliangelus mavors Amethyst-throated sunangel, Heliangelus amethysticollis Longuemare's sunangel, Heliangelus clarisse Merida sunangel, Heliangelus spencei Gorgeted sunangel, Heliangelus strophianus Tourmaline sunangel, Heliangelus exortis Flame-throated sunangel, Heliangelus micrastur Purple-throated sunangel, Heliangelus viola Royal sunangel, Heliangelus regalis
	Sephanoides	Green-backed firecrown, Sephanoides sephaniodes Juan Fernández firecrown, Sephanoides fernandensis
	Discosura	Wire-crested thorntail, Discosura popelairii Black-bellied thorntail, Discosura langsdorffi Letitia's thorntail, Discosura letitiae Green thorntail, Discosura conversii Racket-tailed coquette, Discosura longicauda
	Lophornis	Tufted coquette, Lophornis ornatus Dot-eared coquette, Lophornis gouldii Frilled coquette, Lophornis magnificus Short-crested coquette, Lophornis brachylophus Rufous-crested coquette, Lophornis delattrei Spangled coquette, Lophornis stictolophus Festive coquette, Lophornis chalybeus Butterfly coquette, Lophornis verreauxii Peacock coquette, Lophornis pavoninus Black-crested coquette, Lophornis helenae White-crested coquette, Lophornis adorabilis
	Phlogophilus	Ecuadorian piedtail, Phlogophilus hemileucurus Peruvian piedtail, Phlogophilus harterti
	Adelomyia	Speckled hummingbird, Adelomyia melanogenys
	Aglaiocercus	Long-tailed sylph, Aglaiocercus kingii Violet-tailed sylph, Aglaiocercus coelestis Venezuelan sylph, Aglaiocercus berlepschi
	Sappho	Red-tailed comet, Sappho sparganurus
	Polyonymus	Bronze-tailed comet, Polyonymus caroli
	Taphrolesbia	Grey-bellied comet, Taphrolesbia griseiventris
	Oreotrochilus	Andean hillstar, Oreotrochilus estella White-sided hillstar, Oreotrochilus leucopleurus Ecuadorian hillstar, Oreotrochilus chimborazo Blue-throated hillstar, Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus Green-headed hillstar, Oreotrochilus stolzmanni Black-breasted hillstar, Oreotrochilus melanogaster Wedge-tailed hillstar, Oreotrochilus adela
	Opisthoprora	Mountain avocetbill, Opisthoprora euryptera
	Lesbia	Black-tailed trainbearer, Lesbia victoriae Green-tailed trainbearer, Lesbia nuna
	Ramphomicron	Black-backed thornbill, Ramphomicron dorsale Purple-backed thornbill, Ramphomicron microrhynchum
	Chalcostigma	Rufous-capped thornbill, Chalcostigma ruficeps Olivaceous thornbill, Chalcostigma olivaceum Blue-mantled thornbill, Chalcostigma stanleyi Bronze-tailed thornbill, Chalcostigma heteropogon Rainbow-bearded thornbill, Chalcostigma herrani
	Oxypogon	Buffy helmetcrest, Oxypogon stuebelii Blue-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon cyanolaemus White-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon lindenii Green-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon guerinii
	Oreonympha	Bearded mountaineer, Oreonympha nobilis
	Metallura	Tyrian metaltail, Metallura tyrianthina Perija metaltail, Metallura iracunda Viridian metaltail, Metallura williami Violet-throated metaltail, Metallura baroni Neblina metaltail, Metallura odomae Coppery metaltail, Metallura theresiae Fiery-throated metaltail, Metallura eupogon Scaled metaltail, Metallura aeneocauda Black metaltail, Metallura phoebe
	Haplophaedia	Greenish puffleg, Haplophaedia aureliae Buff-thighed puffleg, Haplophaedia assimilis Hoary puffleg, Haplophaedia lugens
	Eriocnemis	Black-breasted puffleg, Eriocnemis nigrivestis Gorgeted puffleg, Eriocnemis isabellae Glowing puffleg, Eriocnemis vestita Black-thighed puffleg, Eriocnemis derbyi Turquoise-throated puffleg, Eriocnemis godini Coppery-bellied puffleg, Eriocnemis cupreoventris Sapphire-vented puffleg, Eriocnemis luciani Golden-breasted puffleg, Eriocnemis mosquera Blue-capped puffleg, Eriocnemis glaucopoides Colorful puffleg, Eriocnemis mirabilis Emerald-bellied puffleg, Eriocnemis aline
	Loddigesia	Marvelous spatuletail, Loddigesia mirabilis
	Aglaeactis	Shining sunbeam, Aglaeactis cupripennis White-tufted sunbeam, Aglaeactis castelnaudii Purple-backed sunbeam, Aglaeactis aliciae Black-hooded sunbeam, Aglaeactis pamela
	Coeligena	Bronzy inca, Coeligena coeligena Brown inca, Coeligena wilsoni Black inca, Coeligena prunellei Collared inca, Coeligena torquata Violet-throated starfrontlet, Coeligena violifer Rainbow starfrontlet, Coeligena iris White-tailed starfrontlet, Coeligena phalerata Dusky starfrontlet, Coeligena orina Buff-winged starfrontlet, Coeligena lutetiae Golden-bellied starfrontlet, Coeligena bonapartei Blue-throated starfrontlet, Coeligena helianthea
	Lafresnaya	Mountain velvetbreast, Lafresnaya lafresnayi
	Ensifera	Sword-billed hummingbird, Ensifera ensifera
	Pterophanes	Great sapphirewing, Pterophanes cyanopterus
	Boissonneaua	Buff-tailed coronet, Boissonneaua flavescens Chestnut-breasted coronet, Boissonneaua matthewsii Velvet-purple coronet, Boissonneaua jardini
	Ocreatus	White-booted racket-tail, Ocreatus underwoodii Peruvian racket-tail, Ocreatus peruanus Rufous-booted racket-tail, Ocreatus addae
	Urochroa	Rufous-gaped hillstar, Urochroa bougueri Green-backed hillstar, Urochroa leucura
	Urosticte	Purple-bibbed whitetip, Urosticte benjamini Rufous-vented whitetip, Urosticte ruficrissa
	Heliodoxa	Velvet-browed brilliant, Heliodoxa xanthogonys Pink-throated brilliant, Heliodoxa gularis Rufous-webbed brilliant, Heliodoxa branickii Black-throated brilliant, Heliodoxa schreibersii Gould's jewelfront, Heliodoxa aurescens Fawn-breasted brilliant, Heliodoxa rubinoides Green-crowned brilliant, Heliodoxa jacula Empress brilliant, Heliodoxa imperatrix Violet-fronted brilliant, Heliodoxa leadbeateri
	Clytolaema	Brazilian ruby, Clytolaema rubricauda
	Patagona	Giant hummingbird, Patagona gigas
	Sternoclyta	Violet-chested hummingbird, Sternoclyta cyanopectus
	Hylonympha	Scissor-tailed hummingbird, Hylonympha macrocerca
	Eugenes	Rivoli's hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens Talamanca hummingbird, Eugenes spectabilis
	Panterpe	Fiery-throated hummingbird, Panterpe insignis
	Heliomaster	Long-billed starthroat, Heliomaster longirostris Plain-capped starthroat, Heliomaster constantii Stripe-breasted starthroat, Heliomaster squamosus Blue-tufted starthroat, Heliomaster furcifer
	Lampornis	White-bellied mountaingem, Lampornis hemileucus Blue-throated mountaingem, Lampornis clemenciae Amethyst-throated mountaingem, Lampornis amethystinus Green-throated mountaingem, Lampornis viridipallens Green-breasted mountaingem, Lampornis sybillae Purple-throated mountaingem, Lampornis calolaemus Gray-tailed mountaingem, Lampornis cinereicauda White-throated mountaingem, Lampornis castaneoventris
	Lamprolaima	Garnet-throated hummingbird, Lamprolaima rhami
	Calliphlox	Magenta-throated woodstar, Calliphlox bryantae Purple-throated woodstar, Calliphlox mitchellii Amethyst woodstar, Calliphlox amethystina
	Myrtis	Purple-collared woodstar, Myrtis fanny
	Rhodopis	Oasis hummingbird, Rhodopis vesper
	Myrmia	Short-tailed woodstar, Myrmia micrura
	Thaumastura	Peruvian sheartail, Thaumastura cora
	Eulidia	Chilean woodstar, Eulidia yarrellii
	Microstilbon	Slender-tailed woodstar, Microstilbon burmeisteri
	Chaetocercus	White-bellied woodstar, Chaetocercus mulsant Little woodstar, Chaetocercus bombus Gorgeted woodstar, Chaetocercus heliodor Santa Marta woodstar, Chaetocercus astreans Esmeraldas woodstar, Chaetocercus berlepschi Rufous-shafted woodstar, Chaetocercus jourdanii
	Tilmatura	Sparkling-tailed woodstar, Tilmatura dupontii
	Doricha	Slender sheartail, Doricha enicura Mexican sheartail, Doricha eliza
	Calothorax	Lucifer sheartail, Calothorax lucifer Beautiful sheartail, Calothorax pulcher
	Archilochus	Black-chinned hummingbird, Archilochus alexandri Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris
	Mellisuga	Vervain hummingbird, Mellisuga minima Bee hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae
	Nesophlox	Bahama woodstar, Nesophlox evelynae Inagua woodstar, Nesophlox lyrura
	Calypte	Anna's hummingbird, Calypte anna Costa's hummingbird, Calypte costae
	Selasphorus	Calliope hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope Rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus Allen's hummingbird, Selasphorus sasin Broad-tailed hummingbird, Selasphorus platycercus Bumblebee hummingbird, Selasphorus heloisa Wine-throated hummingbird, Selasphorus ellioti Volcano hummingbird, Selasphorus flammula Scintillant hummingbird, Selasphorus scintilla Glow-throated hummingbird, Selasphorus ardens
	Phaeoptila	Dusky hummingbird, Phaeoptila sordida
	Riccordia	Cuban emerald, Riccordia ricordii Brace's emerald, Riccordia bracei Hispaniolan emerald, Riccordia swainsonii Puerto Rican emerald, Riccordia maugaeus Blue-headed hummingbird, Riccordia bicolor Gould's emerald, Riccordia elegans
	Cynanthus	Broad-billed hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris Doubleday's hummingbird, Cynanthus doubledayi Golden-crowned emerald, Cynanthus auriceps Cozumel emerald, Cynanthus forficatus Canivet's emerald, Cynanthus canivetii
	Chlorostilbon	Garden emerald, Chlorostilbon assimilis Western emerald, Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus Red-billed emerald, Chlorostilbon gibsoni Blue-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon mellisugus Chiribiquete emerald, Chlorostilbon olivaresi Glittering-bellied emerald, Chlorostilbon lucidus Coppery emerald, Chlorostilbon russatus Narrow-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon stenurus Green-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon alice Short-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon poortmani
	Basilinna	White-eared hummingbird, Basilinna leucotis Xantus's hummingbird, Basilinna xantusii
	Pampa	Curve-winged sabrewing, Pampa curvipennis Wedge-tailed sabrewing, Pampa pampa Long-tailed sabrewing, Pampa excellens Rufous sabrewing, Pampa rufa
	Abeillia	Emerald-chinned hummingbird, Abeillia abeillei
	Klais	Violet-headed hummingbird, Klais guimeti
	Orthorhyncus	Antillean crested hummingbird, Orthorhyncus cristatus
	Anthocephala	Santa Marta blossomcrown, Anthocephala floriceps Tolima blossomcrown, Anthocephala berlepschi
	Stephanoxis	Green-crowned plovercrest, Stephanoxis lalandi Purple-crowned plovercrest, Stephanoxis loddigesii
	Campylopterus	Grey-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus largipennis Outcrop sabrewing, Campylopterus calcirupicola Rufous-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus hyperythrus White-tailed sabrewing, Campylopterus ensipennis Lazuline sabrewing, Campylopterus falcatus Santa Marta sabrewing, Campylopterus phainopeplus Violet sabrewing, Campylopterus hemileucurus Buff-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus duidae Napo sabrewing, Campylopterus villaviscensio
	Chalybura	Bronze-tailed plumeleteer, Chalybura urochrysia White-vented plumeleteer, Chalybura buffonii
	Thalurania	Crowned woodnymph, Thalurania colombica Fork-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania furcata Long-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania watertonii Violet-capped woodnymph, Thalurania glaucopis
	Microchera	Snowcap, Microchera albocoronata Coppery-headed emerald, Microchera cupreiceps White-tailed emerald, Microchera chionura
	Goldmania	Violet-capped hummingbird, Goldmania violiceps Pirre hummingbird, Goldmania bella
	Eupherusa	Mexican woodnymph, Eupherusa ridgwayi White-tailed hummingbird, Eupherusa poliocerca Oaxaca hummingbird, Eupherusa cyanophrys Stripe-tailed hummingbird, Eupherusa eximia Black-bellied hummingbird, Eupherusa nigriventris
	Phaeochroa	Scaly-breasted hummingbird, Phaeochroa cuvierii
	Leucippus	Buffy hummingbird, Leucippus fallax
	Thaumasius	Tumbes hummingbird, Thaumasius baeri Spot-throated hummingbird, Thaumasius taczanowskii
	Taphrospilus	Many-spotted hummingbird, Taphrospilus hypostictus
	Eupetomena	Swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macrourus Sombre hummingbird, Eupetomena cirrochloris
	Talaphorus	Olive-spotted hummingbird, Talaphorus chlorocercus
	Trochilus	Red-billed streamertail, Trochilus polytmus Black-billed streamertail, Trochilus scitulus
	Leucolia	Violet-crowned hummingbird, Leucolia violiceps Green-fronted hummingbird, Leucolia viridifrons Cinnamon-sided hummingbird, Leucolia wagneri
	Saucerottia	Azure-crowned hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanocephala Blue-vented hummingbird, Saucerottia hoffmanni Berylline hummingbird, Saucerottia beryllina Blue-tailed hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanura Snowy-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia edward Steely-vented hummingbird, Saucerottia saucerrottei Indigo-capped hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanifrons Chestnut-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia castaneiventris Green-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia viridigaster Copper-rumped hummingbird, Saucerottia tobaci
	Amazilia	Cinnamon hummingbird, Amazilia rutila Buff-bellied hummingbird, Amazilia yucatanensis Rufous-tailed hummingbird, Amazilia tzacatl Honduran emerald, Amazilia luciae Mangrove hummingbird, Amazilia boucardi
	Amazilis	Amazilia hummingbird, Amazilis amazilia
	Uranomitra	Andean emerald, Uranomitra franciae
	Chrysuronia	Shining-green hummingbird, Chrysuronia goudoti Golden-tailed sapphire, Chrysuronia oenone Versicolored emerald, Chrysuronia versicolor Sapphire-throated hummingbird, Chrysuronia coeruleogularis Sapphire-bellied hummingbird, Chrysuronia lilliae Humboldt's sapphire, Chrysuronia humboldtii Blue-headed sapphire, Chrysuronia grayi White-chested emerald, Chrysuronia brevirostris Plain-bellied emerald, Chrysuronia leucogaster
	Leucochloris	White-throated hummingbird, Leucochloris albicollis
	Chionomesa	Glittering-throated emerald, Chionomesa fimbriata Sapphire-spangled emerald, Chionomesa lactea
	Hylocharis	Rufous-throated sapphire, Hylocharis sapphirina Gilded sapphire, Hylocharis chrysura
	Elliotomyia	White-bellied hummingbird, Elliotomyia chionogaster Green-and-white hummingbird, Elliotomyia viridicauda
	Polyerata	Blue-chested hummingbird, Polyerata amabilis Charming hummingbird, Polyerata decora Purple-chested hummingbird, Polyerata rosenbergi
	Chlorestes	White-bellied emerald, Chlorestes candida Blue-throated sapphire, Chlorestes eliciae White-chinned sapphire, Chlorestes cyanus Violet-bellied hummingbird, Chlorestes julie Blue-chinned sapphire, Chlorestes notata