Kale (moon)

Kale
	Discovery images of Kale by the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in December 2001
Discovery
Discovered by	Scott S. Sheppard et al.
Discovery site	Mauna Kea Obs.
Discovery date	9 December 2001
Designations
Designation	Jupiter XXXVII
Pronunciation	/ˈkeɪliː/
Named after	Καλή Kălē
Alternative names	S/2001 J 8
Adjectives	Kalean /kəˈliːən/
Orbital characteristics
Semi-major axis	23217000 km
Eccentricity	0.260
Orbital period (sidereal)	−729.5 days
Mean anomaly	286.4°
Inclination	165.0°
Longitude of ascending node	56.4°
Argument of perihelion	44.4°
Satellite of	Jupiter
Group	Carme group
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	2 km
Apparent magnitude	23.0

Kale /ˈkeɪliː/, also known as Jupiter XXXVII, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered in 2001 by astronomers Scott S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, and J. Kleyna, and was originally designated as S/2001 J 8.^[4]^[1]

Kale is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,409 Mm in 685.324 days, at an inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (166° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.2011.

It was named in August 2003^[5] after Kale, one of the Charites (Greek Χάριτες, Latin Gratiae, "Graces"), daughters of Zeus (Jupiter). Kale is the spouse of Hephaestus according to some authors (although most have Aphrodite play that role).

It belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°.

References

^ ^a ^b MPEC 2002-J54: Eleven New Satellites of Jupiter 2002 May (discovery and ephemeris)
^ as 'Cale' in Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
^ S.S. Sheppard (2019), Moons of Jupiter, Carnegie Science, on line
^ IAUC 7900: Satellites of Jupiter^{[permanent dead link]} 2002 May (discovery)
^ IAUC 8177: Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus Archived 2008-07-09 at the Wayback Machine 2003 August (naming the moon)

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[MPEC-1] MPEC 2002-J54: Eleven New Satellites of Jupiter 2002 May (discovery and ephemeris)

[2] s 'Cale' in Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language

[3] S.S. Sheppard (2019), Moons of Jupiter, Carnegie Science, on line

[4] IAUC 7900: Satellites of Jupiter^{[permanent dead link]} 2002 May (discovery)

[5] IAUC 8177: Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus Archived 2008-07-09 at the Wayback Machine 2003 August (naming the moon)

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v t e Moons of Jupiter
Listed in increasing approximate distance from Jupiter
Inner moons	Metis Adrastea Amalthea Thebe
Galilean moons	Io Europa Ganymede Callisto
Themisto	Themisto
Himalia group (9)	Leda Ersa S/2018 J 2 Himalia Pandia Lysithea Elara S/2011 J 3 Dia
Carpo group (2)	S/2018 J 4 Carpo
Valetudo	Valetudo
Ananke group (26)	Euporie Jupiter LV Eupheme S/2021 J 3 Jupiter LII Jupiter LIV Mneme Euanthe S/2003 J 16 Harpalyke Orthosie S/2022 J 3 Helike S/2021 J 2 Praxidike Jupiter LXIV S/2021 J 1 S/2003 J 12 Jupiter LXVIII Thelxinoe Thyone S/2003 J 2 Ananke Iocaste Hermippe Jupiter LXX
Carme group (30)	S/2022 J 1 S/2022 J 2 S/2016 J 3 Pasithee Jupiter LXIX S/2021 J 6 S/2003 J 24 Chaldene Jupiter LXIII Isonoe S/2021 J 4 Kallichore Erinome Kale Eirene Aitne Eukelade Arche Taygete Jupiter LXXII Carme Herse Jupiter LXI Jupiter LI S/2003 J 9 Jupiter LXVI Kalyke S/2018 J 3 S/2021 J 5 S/2003 J 10
Pasiphae group (18)	Philophrosyne Eurydome Jupiter LVI S/2003 J 4 S/2016 J 4 Jupiter LXVII Hegemone Pasiphae Sponde Megaclite Cyllene Sinope Jupiter LIX Aoede Autonoe Callirrhoe S/2003 J 23 Kore
See also	Rings of Jupiter Jupiter's moons in fiction
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