Divan-begi
| Divan-beigi | |
|---|---|
| Style | ʿĀlī-jāh (Serene Highness)[1] |
| Type | Moqarrab al-Khāqān[1] |
| Member of | Jānqī (Council of State)[1] |
| Residence | Keshīk-Khāneh, Ālī Qāpū (Royal court's Guardhouse)[1] |
| Seat | Isfahan, Safavid Iran |
| Nominator | The King[2] |
| Appointer | The King[2] |
| Term length | no fixed length[3] |
| Formation | 1501 |
| First holder | Khadem Beg Talish |
| Unofficial names | [A]Mir-e Divan Divan-beigi-bashi |
| Deputy | Nāʿeb-e Dīvān-beīgī[4] |
| Salary | 500 tomāns (officially)[a][1] |
The Divan-beigi (Template:Lang-fa) was the Persian form of Turkic Diwan-begi office, which known as Imperial Chief Justice[5] and translated as Lord High Justice[1] was a high-rank official in Judicial system of Safavid Iran (1501–1736), who acted as chief justice of Safavid capital and all over the kingdom's courts.[6] Aftermore, Divan-beigi had controlled an appeal court for whole of the kingdom,[7] However, he did not deal with cases involving military officers or religious officials.[8] Divan-beigi had had a deputy to assist him in his tasks.[6]
list of Divan-beigis
Reign of Ismail I
- Khadem Beg Talish (1501)[6]
- Beiram Beg Qaramanlu (1501–1514)[9]
- Husam Beg Qaramanlu[b] (1514)[9]
- Amir Harun[c] (1514)[9]
Reign of Tahmasp I
- Kopek Sultan Ustajlu[d] (1524)[9]
- Mohammad Khan Takkalu[e] (1543/4)[9]
- Ebrahim Khan[c] (1541–1557)[9]
- Ma'sum Beg Safavi[f] (1550)[9]
- Badhr Khan (1551)[9]
- Ebrahim Khan[c] (1554–1566)[10]
Reign of Ismail II
Reign of Mohammad Khodabanda
- Hamzeh Khan Ustajlu (1578)[10]
- Salman Khan Ustajlu[h] (1582)[10]
- Ali-qoli Khan Ustajlu[i] (1585)[10]
- Ismail-qoli Khan(1586)[10]
Reign of Abbas I
- Baktash Khan Afshar[e] (1588)[10]
- Khan Mohammad[i] (1602/3)[10]
- Ali-qoli Khan Shamlu[i] (1605–1624)[10]
- Agha Beg[j] (1624–1627)[10]
- Kalb-Ali Beg (1627–1629)[10]
Reign of Safi
- Rostam Beg[k] (1629–1635)[10]
- Ali-qoli Beg (1635–1642)[10]
Reign of Abbas II
- Morteza-qoli Beg Shamlu (1642–1645)[10]
- Oghurlu Beg Qajar[l] (28 November 1645–1657)[10]
- Safi-qoli Beg[m] (1657–1663)[10]
- Evaz Beg (1663)[11]
Reign of Suleiman I
- Abbas-qoli Beg (1663–1666)[11]
- Mohammad-qoli Khan (1666)[11]
- ?[n] (1666)[11]
- Abu'l-Qasem Beg Shamlu[o] (1670/1)[11]
- Mohammad-Hassan (1673)[11]
- Zeinal Khan (1680)[11]
- Rostam Beg (1691)[11]
- Musa Beg (1692–1696)[11]
Reign of Sultan Husayn
- Musa Beg (1692–1696)[11]
- Ali-Mardan Khan[p] (1696)[11]
- Yar-Mohammad (1697/8)[11]
- Safi-qoli Beg (1697/8)[11]
- Leon Mirza[q] (1700)[11]
- Safi-qoli Khan (1712–February 1715)[11]
- Ismail Beg (1715–1716)[11]
- Jafar Khan[r] (1716)[11]
- Safi-qoli Khan[s] (1716)[12]
- Mohammad-qoli Khan (1718–1720)[12]
- Rajab-Ali Beg (1720–1722)[12]
Reign of Abbas III
Footnotes
Notes
- ^ sometimes was reached to 1000, 3000 or even 6000 tomāns.[4]
- ^ son of the previous Divan-beigi
- ^ a b c Vali of Lar
- ^ the King's chief deputy (Vakil) at the same time
- ^ a b as Mīr-e Dīvān (Template:Lang-fa)
- ^ then appointed as the King's chief deputy (Vakil) and Vizier of the Safavid Empire
- ^ the king's nephew
- ^ then appointed as Grand Vizier of the Safavid Empire
- ^ a b c as Dīvān-beīgī-bāshī (Template:Lang-fa)
- ^ former Nāʿeb-e Dīvān-beīgī of the previous Divan-beigi
- ^ then appointed as commanders-in-chief of Safavid Empire under name of "Rostam Khan"
- ^ former prefect (darugha) of daftar-Khāneh (Template:Lang-fa)
- ^ then appointed as governor-general (beglarbeg) of Mashhad under name of "Safi-qoli Khan"
- ^ unknown office-holder who replaced by the Mīr-āb (Template:Lang-fa)
- ^ son of Jani Khan
- ^ then appointed as governor of Kohgiluyeh at October 1696
- ^ a Georgian[2] who Floor 2000 mentioned him as "Levan Mirza"
- ^ former governor of Herat
- ^ former governor of Tabriz; then renamed to "Ali-qoli Khan" and appointed as Ṣāḥeb-nasaq (Template:Lang-fa); His son became prefect (darugha) of Isfahan.
- ^ former Tupchi-bashi
References
- ^ a b c d e f Savory 1996, p. 439.
- ^ a b c Poormohammadi Amlashi & Ansari 2014–2015, p. 55.
- ^ Poormohammadi Amlashi & Ansari 2014–2015, p. 56.
- ^ a b Khezri 2013.
- ^ Abisaab 2018, p. 512.
- ^ a b c Floor 2000, p. 20.
- ^ Bregel 2004, p. 227.
- ^ Floor 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Floor 2000, p. 21.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Floor 2000, p. 22.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Floor 2000, p. 23.
- ^ a b c d Floor 2000, p. 24.
Sources
- Abisaab, Rula Jurdi (2018). "Delivering Justice: The Monarch's 'Urfi Courts and the Shari'a in Safavid Iran". In Emon, Anver M.; Ahmed, Rumee (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 511–537. ISBN 978-0-19-967901-0.
- Bregel, Yu. (2004). "DĪWĀN-BEGI". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume XII: Supplement. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 227–228. ISBN 978-90-04-13974-9.
- Floor, Willem (2000). "The Secular Judicial System in Safavid Persia". Studia Iranica. 29 (1): 9–60. doi:10.2143/SI.29.1.565532.
- Floor, Willem (2001). Safavid Government Institutions. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers. ISBN 1-568591-35-7.
- Floor, Willem (2009). "JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS iv. JUDICIAL SYSTEM FROM THE ADVENT OF ISLAM THROUGH THE 19TH CENTURY". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica (online ed.).
- Khezri, Ahmad-Reza (2013). دیوانبیگی [DIVAN-BEIGI]. In Haddad-Adel, Gholam-Ali (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam (in Persian). Vol. 18. Tehran: Encyclopaedia Islamica Foundation. ISBN 978-600-447019-3.
- Poormohammadi Amlashi, Nasrollah; Ansari, Somayyeh (Autumn 2014 – Winter 2015). شکلگیری و عملکرد منصب دیوانبیگی در دوره صفویه [Formation and Performance of Divan Beigi Post in Safavid Era]. Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā'i (Social History Studies) (in Persian). 4 (8). Tehran: IHCS: 49–71. ISSN 2383-0492.
- Nasiri, Mirza Naqi (2008). Floor, Willem (ed.). Titles & Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration. Translated by Willem Floor. Washington, D.C.: Mage Publishers. ISBN 1-933823-23-2.
- Savory, Roger M. (1996). "DĪVĀNBEGĪ ii. IN THE SAFAVID PERIOD". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VII. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers. pp. 439–440. ISBN 1-568590-28-8.
