Lieutenant of the Tower of London
The Lieutenant of the Tower of London serves directly under the Constable of the Tower. The office has been appointed at least since the 13th century. There were formerly many privileges, immunities and perquisites attached to the office. Like the Constable, the Lieutenant was usually appointed by letters patent, either for life or during the King's pleasure.[1]
The Lieutenants had custody of many eminent prisoners of state, including Anne Boleyn, Sir Thomas More, Lady Jane Grey, Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth I) and Sir Walter Raleigh. At least five of the Lieutenants, Sir Edward Warner,[2] Sir Gervase Helwys,[3] Isaac Penington,[4] Colonel Robert Tichborne,[5] and Sir Edward Hales,[6] themselves later became prisoners in the Tower.
History
The earliest known Lieutenant was Giles de Oudenard at the beginning of the reign of Edward I, while Anthony Bek, later Bishop of Durham, was Constable. The next recorded Lieutenant was Ralph Bavant, who served during John de Crumwell's tenure as Constable.[7]
Holders of the office; pre-1500
- 1239: Giles de Oudenard
- 1327: Ralph Bavant [7]
- 1415: Sir Roger Aston [7]
- 1420:
- 1424: Sir Robert Scott [8]
- 1471: Richard Haute [9]
- 1485: Sir John Digby [7]
Holders of the office; 1500 to 1600
- 1513: Sir Richard Cholmondeley
- 1520: Sir Edmund Walsingham [10]
- 1547: Sir William Sidney; Sir Anthony Knyvet; Sir Walter Stonor [7]
- 1549: Sir John Markham [11]
- 1551: Sir Arthur Darcy [12]
- 1552: Sir Edward Warner [2]
- 1553: John Brydges, 1st Baron Chandos [13]
- 1554: Sir Thomas Bridges [7]
- 1555: Sir Henry Bedingfield[14]
- 1556: Sir Robert Oxenbridge
- 1558: Sir Edward Warner; [2] Sir Thomas Cawarden [15]
- 1561: Sir Richard Blount
- 1564: Sir Francis Jobson
- 1573: Sir Owen Hopton [16]
- 1590: Sir Michael Blount [17]
- 1595: Sir Drue Drury
- 1596: Sir Richard Berkeley [18]
Holders of the office; 1600 to 1700
- 1603: Sir John Peyton [19]
- 1605; Sir George Hervey (died August 1605)
- 1613: Sir William Waad
- 1615: Sir Gervase Helwys (executed November 1615)[3]
- 1617: Sir George More
- 1630: Sir Allan Apsley [20]
- 1641: [Sir William Balfour; Sir Thomas Lunsford;
- 1642: Sir John Byron; Sir John Conyers [21]
- 1643: Sir Robert Harley; Isaac Penington
- 1650: Francis West [22]
- 1652: John Barkstead
- 1660: Colonel Thomas Fitch; Colonel Herbert Morley; [23] Sir John Robinson [24]
- 1679:
- 1687: Sir Edward Hales
- 1689: Sir Bevil Skelton
- 1690: John Farewell
Holders of the office since 1700
- 1702: Charles Churchill
- 1706: vacant
- 1709: William Cadogan
- 1713: Hatton Compton
- 1742: Lord Harry Powlett[25]
- 1754: The Duke of Bolton
- 1760: George Powlett[26]
- 1763: Charles Vernon[27]
- 1810: William Loftus[28]
- 1831: The Earl of Munster[29]
- 1833: Lord Frederick FitzClarence[30]
- 1833: John Sulivan Wood[31]
- 16 July 1851: Sir George Bowles[32]
- 22 July 1876: Charles Lennox Brownlow Maitland[33]
- 4 June 1884: The Lord Chelmsford[34]
- 30 March 1889: Sir George Wentworth Alexander Higginson
- 21 June 1893: Hugh Rowlands[35]
- 5 January 1894: John Hart Dunne[36]
- 5 January 1897: Godfrey Clerk[37]
- 5 January 1900: Sir William Stirling[38]
- 1 September 1902: Lord William Frederick Ernest Seymour[39]
- 15 November 1905: Sir George Luck[40]
- 24 October 1907: Sir Robert MacGregor Stewart[41]
- 20 August 1909: Sir Henry Fane Grant[42]
- 22 October 1912: Sir Frederick William Stopford[43]
- 29 January 1917: Sir Horace Lockwood Smith-Dorrien
- 2 September 1918: Sir Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton[44]
- 22 March 1920: The Earl of Cavan[45]
- 29 November 1920: Sir George Francis Milne[46]
- 19 June 1923: Sir Francis John Davies[47]
- 30 April 1926: Sir Cameron Deane Shute[48]
- 20 May 1927: Sir Herbert Crofton Campbell Uniacke[49]
- 6 July 1931: Sir William Edmund Ironside[50]
- 20 September 1933: Sir Harry Hugh Sidney Knox[51]
- 6 June 1935: Walter William Pitt-Taylor[52]
- 23 September 1935: Sir John Edward Spencer Brind[53]
- 6 March 1936: Oswald Cuthbert Borrett[54]
- 6 March 1939: Sir Arthur Wollaston Bartholomew[55]
- 16 May 1942: Sir Sanford John Palairet Scobell[56]
- 15 June 1945: Sir John Kennedy[57]
- 3 August 1948: Sir Arthur Francis Smith[58]
- 3 August 1951: Sir Ronald MacKenzie Scobie[59]
- 3 August 1954: Sir Oliver William Hargreaves Leese[60]
- 3 August 1957: Sir Euan Alfred Bews Miller[61]
- 10 September 1960: Sir Roger Herbert Bower[62]
- 10 September 1963: Sir William Gregory Huddleston Pike[63]
- 10 September 1966: Sir Richard Walter Craddock[64]
- 10 September 1969: Sir Richard Elton Goodwin[65]
- 9 September 1972: Sir George Lea[66]
- 1 November 1975: Sir Napier Crookenden[67]
- 1 November 1981: Sir Terence Douglas Herbert McMeekin[68]
- 1 March 1983: Sir Hugh Patrick Cunningham[69]
- 1 March 1986: Sir Peter Hudson[70]
- 1 March 1989: Sir Derek Boorman[71]
- 1 March 1992: Sir Robert Francis Richardson[72]
- 1 March 1995: Sir Michael Stuart Gray[73]
- 1 March 1998: Sir Anthony Arthur Denison-Smith[74]
- 1 March 2001: Sir Roderick Alexander Cordy-Simpson[75]
- 1 March 2004: Sir Hew William Royston Pike[76]
- 1 March 2007: Sir Cedric Norman George Delves[77]
- 4 May 2010: Peter Thomas Clayton Pearson[78]
- 25 February 2015: Sir Simon Vincent Mayall[79]
Deputy Lieutenants
- 1709: James Pendlebury[80]
- 1715: Robert D'Oyly[80]
- 1722: Adam Williamson[80]
- 1747: Richard White[81]
- 1750: Charles Rainsford[82]
- 1778: John Gore[83]
- 1794: John Yorke[84]
- 27 December 1825: Sir Francis Hastings Doyle[85]
- 15 November 1839: John Gurwood[86]
- 13 February 1846: George Cathcart[87]
- 13 February 1852: The Lord de Ros.[88] The post of deputy lieutenant was not filled up on de Ros's death, 6 January 1874.
Notes
- ^ Bayley 1825, p. 664.
- ^ a b c Croly 2004.
- ^ a b Bellany 2004.
- ^ Lindley 2004.
- ^ Lindley 27430 2004.
- ^ Hopkins 2004.
- ^ a b c d e f Bayley 1825, p. 665.
- ^ Fleming 2008.
- ^ Fleming 2004.
- ^ Robison 2004.
- ^ Cameron 2004.
- ^ Leedham-Green 2004.
- ^ Norris 2004.
- ^ Weikel 2004.
- ^ Robison 2008.
- ^ Craig 2004.
- ^ Baker 2008.
- ^ Strachan 2004.
- ^ Evans 2004.
- ^ Knafla 2004.
- ^ Hopper 2004.
- ^ Lindley 29081 2004.
- ^ Peacey 2004.
- ^ Seaward 2004.
- ^ "No. 8131". The London Gazette. 26–29 June 1742. p. 2.
- ^ "No. 10011". The London Gazette. 21–24 June 1760. p. 1.
- ^ "No. 10344". The London Gazette. 30 August – 3 September 1763. p. 1.
- ^ "No. 16396". The London Gazette. 14–18 August 1810. p. 1223.
- ^ "No. 18827". The London Gazette. 22 July 1831. p. 1478.
- ^ "No. 19015". The London Gazette. 22 January 1833. p. 146.
- ^ "No. 19025". The London Gazette. 26 February 1833. p. 399.
- ^ "No. 21228". The London Gazette. 18 July 1851. p. 1857.
- ^ "No. 24348". The London Gazette. 25 July 1876. p. 4178.
- ^ "No. 25361". The London Gazette. 3 June 1884. p. 2439.
- ^ "No. 26417". The London Gazette. 30 June 1893. p. 3712.
- ^ "No. 26482". The London Gazette. 6 February 1894. p. 764.
- ^ "No. 26811". The London Gazette. 5 January 1897. p. 67.
- ^ "No. 27152". The London Gazette. 9 January 1900. p. 146.
- ^ "No. 27470". The London Gazette. 2 September 1902. p. 5679.
- ^ "No. 27856". The London Gazette. 21 November 1905. p. 7819.
- ^ "No. 28084". The London Gazette. 29 November 1907. p. 8331.
- ^ "No. 28281". The London Gazette. 20 August 1909. p. 6358.
- ^ "No. 28656". The London Gazette. 22 October 1912. p. 7774.
- ^ "No. 30881". The London Gazette. 3 September 1918. p. 10392.
- ^ "No. 31833". The London Gazette. 23 March 1920. p. 3533.
- ^ "No. 32175". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1920. p. 12695.
- ^ "No. 32835". The London Gazette. 19 June 1923. p. 4275.
- ^ "No. 33158". The London Gazette. 4 May 1926. p. 3019.
- ^ "No. 33277". The London Gazette. 24 May 1927. p. 3367.
- ^ "No. 33734". The London Gazette. 10 July 1931. p. 4540.
- ^ "No. 33980". The London Gazette. 22 September 1933. pp. 6148–6149.
- ^ "No. 34168". The London Gazette. 7 June 1935. p. 3702.
- ^ "No. 34201". The London Gazette. 24 September 1935. p. 6003.
- ^ "No. 34264". The London Gazette. 13 March 1936. p. 1655.
- ^ "No. 34605". The London Gazette. 7 March 1939. p. 1539.
- ^ "No. 35578". The London Gazette. 29 May 1942. p. 2335.
- ^ "No. 37137". The London Gazette. 19 June 1945. p. 3196.
- ^ "No. 38382". The London Gazette. 17 August 1948. p. 4565.
- ^ "No. 39302". The London Gazette. 3 August 1951. p. 4167.
- ^ "No. 40246". The London Gazette. 3 August 1954. p. 4524.
- ^ "No. 41144". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 August 1957. p. 4653.
- ^ "No. 42142". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 September 1960. p. 6239.
- ^ "No. 43103". The London Gazette. 10 September 1963. p. 7517.
- ^ "No. 44111". The London Gazette. 13 September 1966. p. 9969.
- ^ "No. 44936". The London Gazette. 18 September 1969. p. 9531.
- ^ "No. 45776". The London Gazette. 12 September 1972. p. 10843.
- ^ "No. 46729". The London Gazette. 4 November 1975. p. 13893.
- ^ "No. 48784". The London Gazette. 4 November 1981. p. 13989.
- ^ "No. 49281". The London Gazette. 4 March 1983. p. 3121.
- ^ "No. 50449". The London Gazette. 6 March 1986. p. 3199.
- ^ "No. 51663". The London Gazette. 6 March 1989. p. 2755.
- ^ "No. 52851". The London Gazette. 3 March 1992. p. 3801.
- ^ "No. 53975". The London Gazette. 7 March 1995. p. 3593.
- ^ "No. 55059". The London Gazette. 4 March 1998. p. 2517.
- ^ "No. 56136". The London Gazette. 2 March 2001. p. 2634.
- ^ "No. 57221". The London Gazette. 2 March 2004. p. 2671.
- ^ "No. 58265". The London Gazette. 6 March 2007. p. 3241.
- ^ "No. 59411". The London Gazette. 5 May 2010. p. 8081.
- ^ "No. 61158". The London Gazette. 2 March 2015. p. 3810.
- ^ a b c John Charles Fox ed., The Official Diary of Lieutenant-General Adam Williamson, Deputy-Lieutenant of the Tower of London 1722–1747 (London, 1912) p. 22.
- ^ "No. 8699". The London Gazette. 5–8 December 1747. p. 1.
- ^ "No. 9012". The London Gazette. 4–8 December 1750. p. 2.
- ^ "No. 11849". The London Gazette. 14–17 February 1778. p. 1.
- ^ "No. 13635". The London Gazette. 25–29 March 1794. p. 266.
- ^ "No. 18247". The London Gazette. 13 May 1826. p. 1129. Amending "No. 18215". The London Gazette. 28 January 1826. p. 179.
- ^ "No. 19793". The London Gazette. 22 November 1839. p. 2344.
- ^ "No. 20571". The London Gazette. 13 February 1846. p. 529.
- ^ "No. 21290". The London Gazette. 13 February 1852. p. 409.
References
- Ashley, Roger (2004). "Brydges, Thomas (d. 1559)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3810. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Baker, J.H. (2004). "Cholmley, Sir Roger (c.1485–1565)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5342. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Baker, J.H. (2008). "Croke, Sir John (1553x6–1620)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6733. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Bayley, John (1825). The History and Antiquities of the Tower of London. Vol. II. London: T. Cadell. pp. 664–6. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Bellany, Alastair (2004). "Elwes , Sir Gervase (bap. 1561, d. 1615)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12879. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
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- Furgol, Edward M. (2004). "Balfour, Sir William (d. 1660)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1198. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
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- Hopkins, Paul (2004). "Hales, Sir Edward, third baronet and Jacobite first earl of Tenterden (1645–1695)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11910. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Hopper, Andrew J. (2004). "Conyers, Sir John (c.1587–1664)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/66579. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Hutton, Ronald (2004). "Byron, John, first Baron Byron (1598/9–1652)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4281. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
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- Lindley, Keith (2004). "Penington, Isaac (c.1584–1661)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21840. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Lindley, Keith (2004). "Tichborne, Robert, appointed Lord Tichburne under the protectorate (1610/11–1682)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27430. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Lindley, Keith (2004). "West, Francis (d. 1652)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29081. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Lowe, J. Andreas (2004). "Drury, Sir Dru (1531/2–1617)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8092. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Lyons, Mary Ann (2004). "Skeffington, Sir William (d. 1535)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25659. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1897). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 52. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- Morgan, Basil (2004). "Lunsford, Sir Thomas (b. c.1610, d. in or before 1656)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17197. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Narasingha, P. Sil (2004). "Jobson, Sir Francis (b. in or before 1509, d. 1573)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14825. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Norris, M.M. (2004). "Brydges, John, first Baron Chandos (1492–1557)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3807. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Peacey, J.T. (2004). "Morley, Harbert (bap. 1616, d. 1667)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19287. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. p. 597. ISBN 9781461045137. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Robison, William B. (2008). "Cawarden, Sir Thomas (c.1514–1559)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37270. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Robison, William B. (2004). "Walsingham, Sir Edmund (b. in or before 1480, d. 1550)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28622. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Round, J.H. (2004). "Apsley, Sir Allen (1566/7–1630)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/599. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Seaward, Paul (2004). "Robinson, Sir John, first baronet (bap. 1615, d. 1680)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37904. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Snell, Elizabeth Churchill (2004). "Churchill, Charles (1656–1714)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5396. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Strachan, Michael (2004). "Roe, Sir Thomas (1581–1644)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23943. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Weikel, Ann (2004). "Bedingfeld , Sir Henry (1509x11–1583)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1936. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)