Rock climbing in Australia
Rock climbing in Australia originated in Queensland, New South Wales and Tasmania in the early 1920s, and spread to the rest of Australia after WWII.[1]
In 1998 it had a 0.3% participation rate for both genders.[2] It has been featured in magazines like Vertical Life. Competition climbing is managed by Sport Climbing Australia, and has seen a surge in participation since rock climbing's inclusion in the Olympics.[3]
History
Like Europe and America, the climbing culture of Australia has its roots in alpinism and exploration. Early European exploration was focused in southeast of Queensland in the Blue Mountains. There, the seemingly endless sandstone walls and the imagining of the landscape represented in the local newspapers helped to spread interest climbing peaks. Between 1927 and 1938 there were 150 articles, most of which are accompanied by photographs. It became traditional to set peaks on fire after reaching them, to signal success to the rest of the ascensionists' party on the ground.[1]
Little is known about rock climbing in Aboriginal Australian culture, but today many mountains are sacred sites.[4][5]
The difficulty of the climbs gradually increased, with some stylistic differences between Queensland and NSW climbers, with the former often climbing free solo and NSW climbers relying heavily on ropes.[6][1] Some of the early bold ascents include Crater Bluff (9) by Eric Dark and Dorothy English in 1936, and Federation Peak (5) in 1949.[7]
Post-WWII
Australian climbing began pushing into higher grades in the late 1950s with the first grade 17.[8]
In the 1960s John Ewbank developed the Ewbank System for grading climbs, the world's first open ended system.
See also
References
- ^ a b c Michael Meadows (2013). "Reinventing the heights: The origins of rockclimbing culture in Australia" (PDF). Retrieved 26 December 2017.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ . Australian Buero of Statistics. p. 7 http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/CA25687100069892CA2568890021779A/$File/41770_1997-98.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Australian rock climbers eye ascent to Tokyo 2020 as sport gains popularity". ABC News.
- ^ "Sacred mountains celebrate decade back under Aboriginal management". ABC News.
- ^ "They did it at Uluru, should we ban climbing at Mt Warning?". Northern Star. 4 November 2017.
- ^ "The Intriguing History Of Rock Climbing In Australia".
- ^ "Crater Bluff". The Crag. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
- ^ "First at the Grade". Vertical Life.