RAF Drem

RAF Drem
West Fenton Aerodrome
Gullane Aerodrome
RAF Drem; West Fenton Aerodrome; Gullane Aerodrome;
Drem, East Lothian, Scotland
	RAF Drem
Coordinates	56°01′19″N 2°47′38″W / 56.022°N 2.794°W
Type	Royal Air Force station
Site information
Owner	Air Ministry; Admiralty
Controlled by	Royal Flying Corps; Royal Air Force
Site history
Built	1917
In use	1917-1946
Battles/wars	Second World War
Garrison information
Garrison	RAF Fighter Command

Royal Air Force Drem or RAF Drem is a former Royal Air Force station, just north of the village of Drem in East Lothian, Scotland. The motto of the station was Exiit Hinc Lumen which means "Light has departed from this place".

History

The foundation of Drem as an airfield, precedes the creation of the Royal Air Force (RAF) as by 1916, an airfield had been established under the name West Fenton Aerodrome. From 1916 to 1917, No. 77 Home Defence Squadron, Royal Flying Corps operated from Drem and in April 1918, No. 2 Training Depot Station opened.

Between April and 14 August 1918, the American 41st Aero Squadron under the command of Lieutenant Warren C. Woodward was temporarily located at Drem together with an aero repair flight company. The Americans called the airfield "Gullane" in its official history. The squadron transferred to St Maixent in France and arrived at its operational airfield of Romorantin on 29 August 1918.

By November 1918, West Fenton had been renamed Gullane Aerodrome and with the post-war demobilisation the airfield was vacated in 1919. From 1933 to 1939, the airfield saw only occasional use by visiting squadrons.

It was at this time, while stationed there in 1934, that Victor Goddard had his paranormal vision of the airfield as it might appear in the then future 1939.^[1]

In 1939, the grass airstrip was resurfaced, and the unit was renamed RAF Drem. The station was then home to No. 13 Flying Training School.

Following the outbreak of the Second World War, RAF Drem became an air defence fighter unit for the city of Edinburgh and the shipping area around the Firth of Forth, with Supermarine Spitfire of 602 Squadron posted to Drem.

On 16 October 1939, the Luftwaffe made its first attack on Great Britain. Junkers Ju 88s of 1/KG 30 led by Hauptmann Helmuth Pohle attacked British warships in the Firth of Forth. Spitfires from 603 Squadron (City of Edinburgh Squadron) joined 602 Squadron aircraft in a defensive counter-air sortie. Following the destruction of a Luftwaffe bomber aircraft by a 603 Squadron Spitfire, 602 Squadron pilot Flight Lieutenant George Pinkerton gained the second kill of the Second World War.

In 1940, an airfield lighting system for night landings, the Drem Lighting System, was developed at RAF Drem.

Royal Australian Air Force 453 Squadron was re-established at Drem on 18 June 1942, equipped with Supermarine Spitfire aircraft, and joined the RAF's Fighter Command.^[2]

In 1942, Royal Navy personnel were posted to RAF Drem and in 1945 the unit was handed over to the Admiralty and renamed HMS Nighthawk. On 15 March 1946, the unit was returned to the Air Ministry although it was closed and then decommissioned not long after that.

Units and aircraft

Unit	From	To	Aircraft	Version	Notes
No. 77 Squadron RFC	1916	1917	Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.12		Squadron headquartered in Edinburgh. West Fenton was one of various landing grounds used.
41st Aero Squadron, US Army	April 1918	August 1918	SPAD S.VII Sopwith Camel
RAF No. 2 Training Depot Station	15 April 1918	1919	Sopwith Pup Sopwith Camel Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5
No. 151 Squadron RAF	21 February 1919	10 September 1919			Cadre, no aircraft allocated
No. 152 Squadron RAF	21 February 1919	30 June 1919			Cadre, no aircraft allocated
No. 13 Flying Training School RAF	1939	27 October 1939	Airspeed Oxford Hawker Audax Hawker Hart
No. 602 Squadron RAF	13 October 1939	14 April 1940	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.I
No. 609 Squadron RAF	17 October 1939	5 December 1939	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.I
No. 72 Squadron RAF	1 December 1939	12 January 1940	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.I
No. 111 Squadron RAF	7 December 1939	27 February 1940	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I
No. 609 Squadron RAF	10 January 1940	20 May 1940	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.I
No. 29 Squadron RAF	4 April 1940	10 May 1940	Bristol Blenheim	Mk.IF
No. 603 Squadron RAF	14 April 1940	5 May 1940	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.I
No. 245 Squadron RAF	12 May 1940	5 June 1940	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I
No. 605 Squadron RAF	28 May 1940	7 September 1940	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I
No. 145 Squadron RAF	14 August 1940	31 August 1940	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I
No. 263 Squadron RAF	2 September 1940	28 November 1940	Hawker Hurricane Westland Whirlwind	Mk.I Mk.I	Converting from Hurricane to Whirlwind
No. 111 Squadron RAF	8 September 1940	12 October 1940	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I
No. 141 Squadron RAF	15 October 1940	22 October 1940	Boulton Paul Defiant	Mk.I
No. 232 Squadron RAF	24 October 1940	11 November 1940	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I
No. 607 Squadron RAF	8 November 1940	12 December 1940	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I
No. 258 Squadron RAF	4 December 1940	17 December 1940	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I
No. 43 Squadron RAF	12 December 1940	22 February 1941	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I
No. 603 Squadron RAF	13 December 1940	27 February 1941	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.I
No. 43 Squadron RAF	1 March 1941	4 October 1941	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I, IIA & IIB	Converted to Hurricane Mk.IIA & IIB during April 1941.
No. 607 Squadron RAF	2 March 1941	16 April 1941	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I
No. 600 Squadron RAF	14 March 1941	27 April 1941	Bristol Blenheim Bristol Beaufighter	Mk.IF Mk.IF
No. 260 Squadron RAF	16 April 1941	19 May 1941	Hawker Hurricane	Mk.I
No. 64 Squadron RAF	17 May 1941	7 August 1941	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.IIA
No. 123 Squadron RAF	6 August 1941	22 September 1941	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.I
No. 64 Squadron RAF	4 October 1941	16 November 1941	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.IIA
No. 611 Squadron RAF	12 November 1941	3 June 1942	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.IIA, IIB & VB
No. 340 (Free French) Squadron RAF	20 December 1941	1 January 1942	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.IIA
No. 410 Squadron RCAF	6 August 1941	15 June 1942	Boulton Paul Defiant Bristol Beaufighter	Mk.I Mk.IIF	Converted to Beaufighter April–May 1942
No. 242 Squadron RAF	1 June 1942	11 August 1942	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.VB
No. 453 Squadron RAAF	9 June 1942	25 September 1942	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.VB
No. 137 Squadron RAF	2 August 1942	11 August 1942	Westland Whirlwind	Mk.I
No. 222 Squadron RAF	10 August 1942 15 August 1942	21 August 1942 22 October 1942	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.VB
No. 65 Squadron RAF	26 September 1942 11 October 1942	2 October 1942 3 January 1943	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.VB
No. 784 Naval Air Squadron RN	18 October 1942	1 February 1946	Avro Anson Fairey Fulmar Fairey Firefly Grumman Hellcat North American Harvard		Naval night-fighter school
No. 197 Squadron RAF	25 November 1942	28 March 1943	Hawker Typhoon	Mk.IA & IB
No. 124 Squadron RAF	29 December 1942	21 January 1943	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.VI
No. 65 Squadron RAF	10 January 1943	29 March 1943	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.VB
No. 186 Squadron RAF	27 April 1943	3 August 1943			Squadron reforming, no aircraft allocated
No. 340 (Free French) Squadron RAF	30 April 1943	9 November 1943	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.VB
No. 1692 (Special Duties) Flight RAF	5 July 1943	1943	Boulton Paul Defiant Bristol Beaufighter		Radar-jamming trials
No. 130 Squadron RAF	30 March 1943	30 April 1943	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.VB
No. 488 Squadron RNZAF	3 August 1943	3 September 1943	Bristol Beaufighter de Havilland Mosquito	Mk.VIF Mk.XII	Converting from Beaufighter to Mosquito. Previously a detachment at Drem since September 1942 (Beaufighter IIF & VIF)
No. 96 Squadron RAF	4 September 1943	8 November 1943	Bristol Beaufighter de Havilland Mosquito	Mk.VIF Mk.XIII	Converted to Mosquito during October–November 1943
No. 281 Squadron RAF	9 October 1943	22 November 1943	Supermarine Walrus Avro Anson	Mk.I Mk.I	Air-sea rescue unit
No. 307 (Polish) Squadron RAF	9 November 1943	2 March 1944	de Havilland Mosquito	Mk.II
No. 485 Squadron RNZAF	21 November 1943	28 February 1944	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.VB
No. 486 Squadron RNZAF	28 February 1944	6 March 1944	Hawker Typhoon Hawker Tempest	Mk.IB Mk.V	Converting from Typhoon to Tempest
No. 29 Squadron RAF	1 March 1944	1 May 1944	de Havilland Mosquito	Mk.XII & XIII	Converting from Mk.XII to Mk.XIII
No. 91 Squadron RAF	17 March 1944	23 April 1944	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.XIV
No. 309 (Polish) Squadron RAF	23 April 1944	14 November 1944	Hawker Hurricane North American Mustang	Mk.IIC Mk. I & III	Converted to Mustang September–October 1944
No. 770 Naval Air Squadron RN	16 July 1944	1 October 1945	(various)		Fleet Requirements Unit
No. 340 (Free French) Squadron RAF	17 December 1944	30 January 1945	Supermarine Spitfire	Mk.IXB
No. 722 Naval Air Squadron RN	15 May 1945	November 1945			Naval night-fighter school (merged into 784 Squadron November 1945)
No. 81 Squadron RAF

(Sources:^[3]^[4])

The following units were here at some point:^[5]

No. 2882 Squadron RAF Regiment
No. 2885 Squadron RAF Regiment
Radar Development Flight RAF
SCR 584 Training Unit RAF - formed here. No aircraft.

Most of the units based at Drem during the Second World War were fighter or night-fighter squadrons, which were often based at Drem for relatively short periods. This was typical of many fighter stations in Scotland and Northern England as although Luftwaffe activity in these areas was relatively limited for most of the war, they still required to be defended. Squadrons would therefore be rotated north to cover "quiet" sectors whilst also resting, absorbing replacement aircrews and/or converting to new aircraft. As the war progressed the Luftwaffe threat to Britain diminished further and surplus fighter stations could be transferred to other uses, such as (in the case of Drem) training of Fleet Air Arm crews.

In addition to the units and dates listed above, Drem also hosted detachments from various other RAF squadrons from time to time. These were mostly fighter and night-fighter units, but detachments from 278 or 281 (Air-Sea Rescue) Squadrons were also present for extended periods during 1942 and 1943.

Current use

At present, the RAF Drem Museum is housed in what was RAF Drem's mess accommodation.

References

^ Goddard, Victor (1975). Flight Towards Reality. UK: Turnstone. ISBN 9780855000455.
^ "No. 453 Squadron". Australian War Memorial (AWM).
^ Jefford, C G (1988). R.A.F. Squadrons. UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781840371413.
^ Smith, David J (1983). Action Stations 7: Military Airfields of Scotland, the North-East and Northern Ireland. UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 9780850595635.
^ "Drem (Gullane) (West Fenton)". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 12 June 2020.

External links

[1] Goddard, Victor (1975). Flight Towards Reality. UK: Turnstone. ISBN 9780855000455.

[2] "No. 453 Squadron". Australian War Memorial (AWM).

[3] Jefford, C G (1988). R.A.F. Squadrons. UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781840371413.

[4] Smith, David J (1983). Action Stations 7: Military Airfields of Scotland, the North-East and Northern Ireland. UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 9780850595635.

[ABCT-5] "Drem (Gullane) (West Fenton)". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 12 June 2020.

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