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Jews had lived in the Iberian peninsula since the Ancient Age, experiencing a Golden Age under Muslim ruple. Following the Reconquista and increasing persecution, many of them were expelled from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1497 . Some of their descendants, known as the Sephardim , settled mainly in North Africa, South-East Europe, the Netherlands , England, and America. Jews were only formally readmitted to the peninsula in the late 19th century. The modern Jewish Iberian population is based on post-war immigration and numbers around 14,000. The following is a list of prominent Iberian Jews arranged by country of origin:
Portugal
Abraham Aboab Falero (? - 1642), seventeenth century philanthropist .
Daniel Blaufuks (1963 -) photographer.[1]
Joshua Benoliel (1873 - 1932) Photojournalist, official photographer for King Carlos I of Portugal .[2]
Moisés Bensabat Amzalak (1892 - 1978), Milgram, Avraham (2011). Portugal, Salazar, and the Jews . Yad Vashem. p. 34. ISBN 9789653083875 .
Isaac Cardoso (1603 or 1604 - 1683) physician, philosopher, and polemic writer.[4]
Artur Carlos de Barros Basto (1887 - 1961) author and military captain.[5]
Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques (1853 - 1922) The 50th Prime Minister of Portugal .[citation needed ]
Nico Castel (1931 - 2015) tenor .[6]
Uriel da Costa (1585 - 1640), Philosopher.[7]
Abraham Curiel (1545-1609), physician.[8]
David Curiel (1594-1666), merchant.[9]
Jacob Curiel (1587-1664), diplomat, merchant and nobleman.[10]
Tatiana Salem Levy (1979 -) Novelist.[11]
Rodrigo Lopez (1517 – 1594), physician[12]
Fernão de Loronha (1470 - 1540), Explorer and merchant.[13]
Gracia Mendes Nasi (1510 – 1569), wealthy women of Renaissance Europe, became a prominent figure in the Ottoman Empire and developed an escape network that hundreds of Conversos .[14] [15]
Solomon Molcho (1500 - 1532), mystic and writer.[16]
Garcia de Orta (1501 - 1578) Herbalist, naturalist and physician.[17]
Pedro Nunes (1502 - 1578), Mathematician, cosmographer, and professor[18]
Jacob Rodrigues Pereira (1715 - 1780), the first teacher of deaf-mutes in France.[19]
Daniela Ruah (1983), actress, dual American citizen[20]
Isaac Henrique Sequeira (1738 - 1816) Lisbon-born French doctor.[21] [22]
Francisco Sanches (1550 – November 16, 1623), was a Portuguese born Spain raised, French skeptic philosopher and physician.
José Maria Espírito Santo Silva Ricciardi (1954-), economist and banker.[23]
David ben Solomon ibn Yahya (1425 - 1528), Rabbi sentenced by King João II to be burned at the stake fled to Corfu.[24]
Jacob Tirado (1540 - 1620), founder of the Spanish-Portuguese community of Amsterdam .[25]
Fernando Ulrich (1952 -), economist and banking administrator.[26]
Samuel Usque (1500 - 1555), author.[27]
Richard Zimler (1956 -), American-born author, dual-citizen.[28] [29]
Spain
Pre-expulsion
Petrus Alphonsi , 11th & 12th century physician, writer, astronomer, and polemicist.[30]
Vidal Astori (15th century) merchant and silversmith.[31]
Bonafos Caballeria (?-1964), historian and anti-Jewish writer.
Abraham Cresques (1325–1387), cartographer.[32]
Jehudà Cresques (1360–1410), cartographer.[33]
Alfonso de Cartagen (1384-1456), Roman Catholic bishop, diplomat, historian and writer of pre-Renaissance Spain.[34]
Moses Hamon (1490-1567) physician, historian and phlanthopoist.[35]
Joseph ben Hayyim Jabez (15th & 16th century) Mystic and theologian.[36]
Felipe Godínez (1588 – 1637), Portuguese born dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age .[37]
Jacob ibn Jau (9th century), silk-manufacturer and held a position in the court of the Hisham II .[38]
Judah ben Joseph ibn Ezra (12th century), physian.[39]
Joseph Kimhi (1105–1170), rabbi and biblical commentator.[40]
Antonio de León Pinelo (1589-1660) writer and historian.[41]
Moses de León (1240-1305) rabbi and Kabbalist who is considered the composer or redactor of the Zohar. =[42]
Isaac ben Moses Eli (15th century), Mathematician.[43]
Caterina Tarongí (1646-1691), burned alive by the Spanish Inquisition .[44]
Bartolomé de Torres Naharro (1845-1530), writer.[45]
Solomon ibn Verga (1460 – 1554) historian and physician.[46]
Joseph Zabara (1140–1200), physicist, poet and satirist, writer of the Book of Delights'.[47]
Post-expulsion
Isak Andic (1953 -), Turkish-born businessman and founder Mango .[48]
Miguel de Barrios (1625-1701), philosopher, historian and poet.[49] [50]
Nissan Ben-Avraham (1957-), Marrano rabbi.[51]
Esther Bendahan (1964 -), Moroccan born author.[52]
Elena Benarroch (1955 -), fashion designer.[53] [54]
Elías Bendodo [es ] (1974 -), politician, former President of Malaga Provincial Deputation
Doris Benegas (1951-2016), Venezuelan-born political lawyer, half Jewish.[55]
José María Benegas (1948-2015), Venezuelan-born politician for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party , half Jewish.[56]
Ricardo Bofill (1939 -) World famous architect, half Jewish.[57]
Rafael Cansinos-Asséns (1882-1964) poet, novelist, essayist, literary critic and translator.[58]
Abraham Miguel Cardoso (1626–1706), Sabbatean prophet and physician.[59]
Isaac Carasso (1874 – 1939), Ottoman born co-founder of Danone .[60]
Daniel Carasso (1905 - 2009), Ottoman born co-founder of Danone [61]
Pancracio Celdrán (1942-2019), Professor, intellectual and journalist who specializes in history & literature of antiquity & the medieval period.
Claudio Guillén (1924-2007), French-born writer and historian, half Jewish.[62]
Heinrich Gärtner (1885-1962) Austro-Hungarian -born cinematographer.[63]
Andrés Herzog (1974 -), Politician and lawyer that is the spokesperson of the Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD),half Jewish.[64]
Jon Juaristi (1951 -) poet, essayist and translator, as a self-confessed former ETA militant. Convert.[65]
Alicia Koplowitz (1954 -), businesswoman and philanthropist, half Jewish.[66]
Esther Koplowitz (1953 -), businesswoman and philanthropist,half Jewish.[66]
Enrique Múgica Herzog (1932 -) a lawyer, politician and co-founder of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party , half-Jewish.[67] [68]
Romeo Niram (1974- ), figurative painter.
Eduardo Propper de Callejón (1895 - 1972), diplomat remembered for facilitating escape of tens of thousands of Jews from France, half Jewish.[citation needed ]
Antonio Puerta (1984-2007) footballer.[69]
Samuel Toledano (1929-1996) Moroccan-born Jewish lawyer and Jewish community leader.[70]
Joseph de la Vega (1650-1692), well known merchant, poet, and philanthropist in Amsterdam.[71]
See also
Notes
^ https://www.academia.edu/6962271/_Under_Strange_Skies_Private_and_Public_Memory_in_the_Work_of_Daniel_Blaufuks
^ https://www.newsmuseum.pt/en/imortais/joshua-benoliel
^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cardozo-cardoso-isaac
^ https://www.timesofisrael.com/historical-drama-depicts-untold-story-of-the-1930s-portuguese-dreyfus-affair/
^ Fox, Margalit . "Nico Castel, Tenor and Diction Coach at the Met, Dies at 83" , The New York Times , June 3, 2015
^ Derman, Ushi (December 19, 2018). "Uriel da Costa: the Story of a Nonbeliever" . Retrieved 2019-12-13 .
^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/curiel
^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/curiel
^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/curiel
^ https://www.killyourdarlings.com.au/article/conversation-with-tatiana-salem-levy/
^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography : "Jewish physician"
^ <https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/noronha-loronha-fern-x00e3-o-de
^ https://www.headstuff.org/culture/history/terrible-people-from-history/gracia-mendes-nasi-renaissance-businesswoman/
^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/nasi-gracia
^ {{cite web|url=https://www.jewishlinknj.com/features/34362-a-doomed-proposal-for-a-joint-jewish-christian-crusade-three-divergent-views-of-solomon-molcho%7Ctitle=A Doomed Proposal for a Joint Jewish-Christian Crusade: Three Divergent Views of Solomon Molcho|work=jewishlinknj|first=Joel Davidi|last=Weisberger|date=November 14, 2018
^ http://chickensoupexhibit.org/garcia-de-orta-a-portuguese-jewish-doctor/
^ http://www.dulcerodrigues.info/historia/uk/efemeride_morte_pedro_nunes_uk.html
^ https://jdcc.org/feature-news/jacob-rodrigues-pereira-a-portugal-jew-in-18th-century/
^ Henerson, Evan (November 8, 2012). "Film Fest celebrates Sephardim" . Jewish Journal . Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2015 .
^ País, Ediciones El (24 April 2011). "Reportaje - El salvador de los 'zurbarán' " . Retrieved 5 February 2018 – via elpais.com.
^ "Isaac Henrique Sequeira - The Collection - Museo Nacional del Prado" . www.museodelprado.es . Retrieved 5 February 2018 .
^ "www.haitongib.com. Retrieved 2014-07-12" .
^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-yahya-david-ben-solomon
^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/tirado-jacob
^ (in Portuguese) Fernando Ulrich banqueiro por tradição familiar Archived 2016-05-20 at the Wayback Machine , Económico
^ Meyer M. A. Ideas of Jewish history 1974 p105 "Samuel Usque (sixteenth century) was a Portuguese Marrano, a Jew forcibly converted to Christianity, who after extensive wanderings settled in Ferrara.
^ http://goodbooksguide.blogspot.com/2009/05/writing-life-richard-zimler.html
^ https://www.thejc.com/culture/features/the-gospel-according-to-richard-zimler-demons-dreams-and-yeshua-1.486124
^ David B. Green. "Haaretz" . Retrieved December 15, 2019 .
^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/murviedro
^ {{cite web|title=You have reached your destination: The Jewish cartographers without whom we would not have WAZE|url=https://www.bh.org.il/blog-items/reached-destination-jewish-cartographers-without-not-waze/%7Cauthor=Ushi Derman|access-date=December 15, 2019
^ https://jewishreviewofbooks.com/articles/795/the-living-waters-of-history/
^ https://brill.com/view/journals/me/24/1-3/article-p226_9.xml
^ Heyd, Uriel (1963). "Moses Hamon, Chief Jewish Physician to Sultan Süleymān the Magnificent" . Oriens . 16 : 152–170. JSTOR 1580261 .
^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jabez-joseph-ben-x1e24-ayyim
^ "Felipe Godinez" . Foundation Virtual Library Miguel de Cervantes. Retrieved 4 November 2013 .
^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-jau-jacob
^ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Judah-ha-Levi
^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/david-kimchi
^ [1]
^ https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100211684
^ http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8204-isaac-ben-moses-eli-ha-sefardi
^ https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/a-dead-branch-on-the-tree-of-israel-the-xuetas-of-majorca/
^ Lihani, John (1971). "New Biographical Ideas on Bartolomé de Torres Naharro" . Hispania . 54 (4): 828–835. doi :10.2307/338175 . JSTOR 338175 .
^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-verga-solomon
^ http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/15137-zabara-joseph
^ https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/isak-andic
^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/barrios-daniel-levi-miguel-de
^ Scholberg, Kenneth R. (1962). "Miguel de Barrios and the Amsterdam Sephardic Community" . The Jewish Quarterly Review . 53 (2): 120–159. doi :10.2307/1453280 . JSTOR 1453280 .
^ "First ex-Marrano Israeli rabbi returns to Spain as emissary" . Jerusalem Post . Dec 15, 2019.
^ Campoy-Cubillo, Adolfa; Bendahan, Esther (2014). "An Interview with Esther Bendahan" . European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe . 47 (2): 122–129. JSTOR 43744033 .
^ https://www.levante-emv.com/vida-y-estilo/gente/personajes/2013/10/17/elena-benarroch-perfecta-jewish-mama/1042475.html
^ https://www.jta.org/2002/11/25/archive/around-the-jewish-world-few-jews-in-spain-yet-supposed-jewish-lobby-still-draws-readers
^ https://www.elmundo.es/suplementos/cronica/2009/709/1242511206.html
^ https://www.elmundo.es/suplementos/cronica/2009/709/1242511206.html
^ Meyer, Ulf (December 5, 2019). "Versailles for the People" . World-Architects.com . Retrieved December 15, 2019 .
^ Stavans, Ilan (August 24, 2014). "A Catalogue of Jewish Symbols" . Jewishquarterly . Retrieved December 15, 2019 .
^ Rosenstock, Bruce (1998). "Abraham Miguel Cardoso's Messianism: A Reappraisal" . AJS Review . 23 (1): 63–104. doi :10.1017/S0364009400010035 . JSTOR 1486734 .
^ [2]
^ [3]
^ https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/02/claudio-guillen/
^ Bock & Bergfelder p.572
^ https://elpais.com/politica/2015/07/22/actualidad/1437566420_809835.html
^ Schaub, Jean-Frédéric (February 26, 2018). "Basques, Jews, and the Racialization of Spanish Identity" . Retrieved December 15, 2019 .
^ a b ABC (Spain): "Las Koplowitz Las más ricas de España" by ISABEL GUTIÉRREZ (in Spanish ) August 24, 2007
^ [4]
^ https://www.haaretz.com/1.4955014
^ [5]
^ "Samuel Toledano 66 advocate for jews of spain" . New York Times . Retrieved December 15, 2019 .
^ James Tarmy. "The First Book Written About a Stock Market Is Selling for $300,000" . Retrieved December 15, 2019 .