Sweden Solar System

Template:Sweden Solar System The Sweden Solar System is the world's largest permanent scale model of the Solar System. The Sun is represented by the Ericsson Globe in Stockholm, the largest hemispherical building in the world. The inner planets can also be found in Stockholm but the outer planets are situated northward in other cities along the Baltic Sea. The system was started by Nils Brenning and Gösta Gahm^[1] and is on the scale of 1:20 million.^[2]

The system

The bodies represented in this model include the Sun, the planets (and some of their moons), dwarf planets and many types of small bodies (comets, asteroids, trans-Neptunians, etc.), as well as some abstract concepts (like the Termination Shock zone). Because of the existence of many small bodies in the real Solar System, the model can always be further increased.

The Sun is represented by the Ericsson Globe (Globen), Stockholm, which is the largest hemispherical building in the world, 110 m in diameter. To respect the scale, the globe represents the Sun including its corona.

Inner planets

Mercury (25 cm in diameter) is placed at Stockholm City Museum, 2,900 m from the Globe. The small metallic sphere was built by the artist Peter Varhelyi.
Venus (62 cm in diameter) is placed at Vetenskapens Hus at KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), 5,500 m from the Globe. The previous model, made by the United States artist Daniel Oberti, was inaugurated on 8 June 2004, during a Venus transit and placed at KTH. It fell and shattered around 11 June 2011. Due to construction work at the location of the previous model of Venus it was removed and as of October 2012 cannot be seen. The current model now at Vetenskapens Hus was previously located at the Observatory Museum in Stockholm (now closed).
Earth (65 cm in diameter) is located at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (Cosmonova), 7,600 m from the Globe. Satellite images of the Earth are exhibited beside the Globe. An elaborate model of the Moon (18 cm in diameter) is on display in another part of the museum.
Mars (35 cm in diameter) is located at Mörby Centrum, a shopping centre in Danderyd, a suburb of Stockholm. It is 11.6 km from the Globe. The model, made in copper by the Finnish artist Heikki Haapanen, is connected by an "umbilical cord" to a steel plate on the floor having an Earth image.^[3] The globe also features marks that represent some typical Martian chemical elements.

Gas giants

Jupiter (7.3 m in diameter) is placed at the roundabout near Sky City, in Stockholm Arlanda Airport in Sigtuna Municipality, 40 km from the Globe. It is made as a flower decoration, with different flowers representing different zones of the giant gas planet. There are plans to build a 3D model.
Saturn (6.1 m in diameter) is placed outside the old observatory of Anders Celsius, in the so-called Celsius Square, in the centre of Uppsala, 73 km from the Globe. Inaugurated during the International Year of Astronomy,^[4] the model is a mat with a picture of Saturn, but will eventually grow to crown a school planetarium in the city. In addition, several schools in Uppsala are to provide moons of Saturn: the first completed was Enceladus (diameter 2.5 cm) at Kvarngärdesskolan.^[5]
Uranus (2.6 m in diameter) was vandalized and the new model was reconstructed behind Stora magasinet in Lövstabruk in 2012. It is an outdoor model made of blue steel bars. The rotation axis of the planet is marked in red.^[6]
Neptune (2.5 m in diameter) is located by the river Söderhamnsån in Söderhamn, a coast town with tradition of fishing and sailing (which relates to Neptune being the deity of the seas). Placed 229 km from the Globe, the model is made of acrylic and, at night, shines with a blue light.

Trans-Neptunian objects

Pluto (12 cm in diameter) and its largest moon Charon are placed near the southern of the Dellen lakes, in Delsbo, 300 km from the Globe. The lakes are thought to be formed by a meteorite impact 90 million years ago. The two bodies' sculptures are supported by two gravelike pillars (as Pluto is the deity for death), made up with dellenite, a rare mineral formed at that place by the meteorite impact.
Ixion (6.5 cm in diameter), a dwarf planet candidate, is located at Technichus, a science center in Härnösand, 360 km from the Globe. The sculpture is an orb held by a hand with the arm. This plutino was discovered by a team which included scientists from Uppsala.
Eris (13 cm in diameter) is located at Umestans Företagspark, Umeå, 510 km from the Globe. Made by Theresa Berg, the golden model is inspired by the mythical story of Eris sparking a quarrel between three Greek goddesses with a golden apple bearing the inscription καλλίστῃ ("to the most beautiful one").
Sedna (10 cm in diameter), another dwarf planet candidate, is located at Teknikens Hus, a science center in Luleå, 912 km from the Globe.

Other bodies

The near-Earth Object Eros is located at Mörbyskolan, a school in Danderyd Municipality (where Mars is located), 11 km from the Globe. It was created as a Valentine's Day project in gold, modeled after Eros, the god of love. The dimensions are 2 × 0.7 × 0.7 mm (0.98 mm³).
The asteroid 36614 Saltis is located at Saltsjöbaden's Kunskapsskola, a school near the Stockholm Observatory. The asteroid was discovered by A. Brandeker in 2000, using a telescope at the observatory, and the body was named after the observatory's location, Saltsjöbaden.
The asteroid Vesta is located at Åva gymnasium, a public secondary school in Täby.
The asteroid Palomar-Leiden (0.2 mm in diameter) is located in a park in Alsike, Knivsta Municipality, 60 km from the Globe. It is not a sculpture but a dot on a map of the System, placed in front of Erik Ståhl's monumental cosmic sculptures.
Halley's Comet is located at Balthazar Science Center, in Skövde. Inaugurated on 16 December 2009, there are actually four models of the comet: three placed outdoors, based on schoolchildren's drawings, plus one indoors, consisting of a laser passing through a block of glass.
Comet Swift-Tuttle is placed at Kreativum, a science center in Karlshamn. The comet's orbit is closest to the Globe in inner Stockholm and farthest in Karlshamn, 390 km away.
The Termination Shock is at the edge of the heliosphere: it is the boundary where the solar wind transitions to subsonic velocity. No sculpture currently represents the termination shock, but a foundation for a future sculpture exists at the Institute of Space Physics, 950 km from the Globe, in Kiruna, above the Arctic Circle.

List of objects

Object	Distance from Globen^[7]	Diameter^[7]	Location^[7]	Coordinates	Inauguration date
Sun	0 km	71 m (233 ft), the disk 110 m (361 ft), incl. the corona	The Ericsson Globe in Stockholm	59°17′36.80″N 18°04′59.65″E / 59.2935556°N 18.0832361°E / 59.2935556; 18.0832361	-
Mercury	2.9 km (1.8 mi)	25 cm (9.8 in)	Stockholm City Museum in Stockholm	59°19′11″N 18°04′16″E / 59.31972°N 18.07111°E / 59.31972; 18.07111	1998
Venus	5.5 km (3.4 mi)	62 cm (24.4 in)	Vetenskapens Hus	59°21′10.38″N 18°03′30.78″E / 59.3528833°N 18.0585500°E / 59.3528833; 18.0585500	8 June 2004
Earth and Moon	7.6 km (4.7 mi)	65 cm (25.6 in) and 18 cm (7.1 in)	Cosmonova Riksmuseet in Stockholm	59°22′08.48″N 18°03′12.34″E / 59.3690222°N 18.0534278°E / 59.3690222; 18.0534278	before 2000^[8]
(433) Eros	11 km (6.8 mi)	2.0 mm × 0.7 mm × 0.7 mm	Mörbyskolan, a school in Danderyd	59°23′38″N 18°02′41″E / 59.39389°N 18.04472°E / 59.39389; 18.04472
(36614) Saltis	11 km (6.8 mi)	< 1 mm	Kunskapsskolan, a school in Saltsjöbaden	59°16′21″N 18°18′17″E / 59.27250°N 18.30472°E / 59.27250; 18.30472	14 January 2010^[9]
Mars	11.6 km (7.2 mi)	35 cm (13.8 in)	Mörby Centrum in Danderyd	59°23′52.58″N 18°02′11.58″E / 59.3979389°N 18.0365500°E / 59.3979389; 18.0365500	before 2000^[8]
4 Vesta	16.4 km (10.2 mi)	2.6 cm	Åva gymnasium in Täby	59°26′24″N 18°03′47.16″E / 59.44000°N 18.0631000°E / 59.44000; 18.0631000	6 September 2017^[10]
Jupiter	40 km (25 mi)	7.3 m (24 ft)	Arlanda airport in Märsta	59°38′58.52″N 17°55′50.38″E / 59.6495889°N 17.9306611°E / 59.6495889; 17.9306611	before 2000^[8]
(5025) Palomar-Leiden	60 km (37 mi)	0.2 mm	in Alsike	59°45′25″N 17°45′57″E / 59.75694°N 17.76583°E / 59.75694; 17.76583
Saturn	73 km (45 mi)	6.1 m (20 ft)	Celsius square in Uppsala	59°51′34″N 17°38′14″E / 59.85944°N 17.63722°E / 59.85944; 17.63722	13 June 2009^[4]
Uranus	125 km (77 mi)	2.6 m (8.5 ft)	Stora magasinet in Lövstabruk	60°24′31″N 17°52′37″E / 60.40861°N 17.87694°E / 60.40861; 17.87694	13 October 2012^[11]
1P/Halley comet	204 km (127 mi)		Balthazar Science Center in Skövde	58°23′14″N 13°51′11″E / 58.38722°N 13.85306°E / 58.38722; 13.85306	16 December 2009^[12]
Neptune	229 km (142 mi)	2.5 m (8.2 ft)	by the river Söderhamnsån in Söderhamn	61°18′07″N 17°03′19″E / 61.30194°N 17.05528°E / 61.30194; 17.05528	29 October 1998^[13]
Pluto and Charon	300 km (186 mi)	12 cm (4.7 in) and 6 cm (2.4 in)	by the lake Dellen South, in Delsbo	61°47′50.13″N 16°32′59.96″E / 61.7972583°N 16.5499889°E / 61.7972583; 16.5499889	before 2000^[8]
(28978) Ixion	360 km (224 mi)	6.5 cm (2.6 in)	Technichus, a science center in Härnösand	62°37′49″N 17°56′12″E / 62.63028°N 17.93667°E / 62.63028; 17.93667	18 April 2002^[14]
109P/Swift-Tuttle comet	390 km (242 mi)		Kreativum, a science center in Karlshamn	56°11′39″N 14°51′09″E / 56.19417°N 14.85250°E / 56.19417; 14.85250
(136199) Eris	510 km (317 mi)	13 cm (5.1 in)	Företagspark in Umeå	63°50′05″N 20°15′37″E / 63.83472°N 20.26028°E / 63.83472; 20.26028	6 December 2007^[15]
(90377) Sedna	810 km (503 mi)	10 cm (3.9 in)	Teknikens Hus, a science center in Luleå	65°36′59.50″N 22°08′06.00″E / 65.6165278°N 22.1350000°E / 65.6165278; 22.1350000	8 December 2005^[16]
Termination shock	950 km (590 mi)	A plate	Institute of Space Physics in Kiruna	67°50′27″N 20°24′34.5″E / 67.84083°N 20.409583°E / 67.84083; 20.409583

Gallery

The Ericsson Globe represents the Sun. The rest of the Solar System is scattered in, and north of, Stockholm.
Mercury in Stockholm
Venus in Stockholm
Earth in Stockholm
Mars in Stockholm
Neptune in Söderhamn
Asteroid Vesta in Täby
Sedna in Luleå
The foundation for the sculpture of the Termination Shock in front of the Swedish Institute of Space Physics in Kiruna.