Wuchiapingian

Coordinates: 23°41′43″N 109°19′16″E / 23.6953°N 109.3211°E / 23.6953; 109.3211
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Wuchiapingian aged stratigraphic succession including the Kupferschiefer in the Kamsdorf mine near Saalfeld, Thuringia, Germany

In the geologic timescale, the Wuchiapingian or Wujiapingian (from Chinese: 吴家坪; pinyin: Wújiāpíng; lit. 'Wu Family Flatland"' in the Liangshan area of Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province[1]) is an age or stage of the Permian. It is also the lower or earlier of two subdivisions of the Lopingian epoch or series. The Wuchiapingian spans the time between 259.51 and 254.14 million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Capitanian and followed by the Changhsingian.[2]

Regional stages with which the Wuchiapingian is coeval or overlaps include the Djulfian or Dzhulfian, Longtanian, Rustlerian, Saladoan, and Castilian.[3]

Stratigraphic definitions

The Wuchiapingian was first used in 1962, when the Lopingian series of southwestern China was divided in the Changhsingian and Wuchiapingian formations. In 1973 the Wuchiapingian was first used as a chronostratigraphic unit (i.e. a stage, as opposed to a formation, which is a lithostratigraphic unit).[4]

The base of the Wuchiapingian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where the conodont species Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri first appears. A global reference profile for this boundary (a GSSP) is located near Laibin in the Chinese province of Guangxi.[5]

The top of the Wuchiapingian (the base of the Changhsingian) is at the first appearance of conodont species Clarkina wangi.

The Wuchiapingian contains two ammonite biozones: that of the genus Araxoceras and that of the genera Roadoceras and Doulingoceras.

Biodiversity

An extinction pulse occurred during the Wuchiapingian; faunas were recovering when another larger extinction pulse, the Permian–Triassic extinction event devastated life.[6]

Wuchiapingian Life

Chondrichthyans

Chondrichthyes of the Wuchiapingian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Lopingian Greenland a eugeneodontid holocephalian
Hopleacanthus
Janassa (left, background) and Menaspis (right)
Sarcoprion
Wodnika
Carboniferous to Early Triassic Greenland a eugeneodontid holocephalian
Lopingian Germany a neoselachian elasmobranch
Carboniferous to Lopingian Germany, Pakistan, Greenland, United States a petalodontiform holocephalian
Lopingian Germany a holocephalian
Lopingian Greenland a eugeneodontid holocephalian
Lopingian Germany

Actinopterygians

Actinopterygii of the Wuchiapingian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Lopingian Germany, England A neopterygian
Acrolepis
Dorypterus
Palaeoniscum
Platysomus
Carboniferous to Lopingian Germany, England A non-neopterygian
Lopingian Greenland A non-neopterygian
Lopingian Germany, England A bobasatraniid non-neopterygian
Lopingian Germany, England A palaeonsicid non-neopterygian. One of the most common ray-fins of the late Permian
Carboniferous to Lopingian Germany, England A non-neopterygian
Lopingian to Middle Triassic Germany A non-neopterygian
Permian Russia A non-neopterygian

Coelacanths

Actinistia of the Wuchiapingian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Permian Germany, England The first described coelacanth
Coelacanthus (foreground)

†Temnospondyls

Temnospondyli of the Wuchiapingian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Inta Formation, Russia A basal temnospondyl amphibian, possibly an archegosauroid.
Intasuchus
Rhineceps
Malawi, Africa A genus of stereospondyl amphibian in the family Rhinesuchidae.
Karoo Supergroup, South Africa A species of stereospondyl amphibian in the family Rhinesuchidae.

†Chroniosuchians

Chroniosuchia of the Wuchiapingian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Guadalupian to Lopingian Russia A reptiliomorph
Chroniosaurus
Jarilinus
Shangshihezi Formation, Henan, China A species of bystrowianid reptiliomorph.
Lopingian Russia A reptiliomorph

†Seymouriamorphs

Seymouriamorpha of the Wuchiapingian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Lopingian Russia A seymouriamorph reptiliomorph
Karpinskiosaurus
Kotlassia
Russia A seymouriamorph reptiliomorph

†Procolophonomorphs

Procolophonomorpha of the Wuchiapingian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Lopingian Morocco A pareiasaurid parareptile
Arganaceras
Emeroleter
Owenetta
Pareiasaurus
Procolophon
Lopingian Russia A nycteroleterid parareptile
Lopingian to Early Triassic South Africa A owenettid parareptile
Lopingian South Africa A pareiasaurid parareptile
Lopingian to Early Triassic South Africa, Brazil, Antarctica A procolophonid parareptile
Lopingian Russia A procolophonid parareptile


Eureptiles

Eureptilia of the Wuchiapingian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Lopingian South Africa A captorhinid reptile

Diapsids

Diapsida of the Wuchiapingian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Lopingian Madagascar, Germany, England A gliding weigeltisaurid reptile
Coelurosauravus
Archosauromorphs
Archosauromorpha of the Wuchiapingian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Lopingian England, Germany An early archosauromorph reptile
Protorosaurus

Therapsids

Therapsida of the Wuchiapingian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Lopingian, Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone; Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone Karoo Basin, South Africa and Zambia A dicynodont therapsid
Cistecephalus
Diictodon
Endothiodon
Gorgonops
Lycaenops
Lopingian South Africa A basal dicynodont therapsid
Lopingian South Africa A dicynodont therapsid
Lopingian Zambia, South Africa A dicynodont therapsid
Lopingian South Africa A dicynodont therapsid
Lopingian Brazil, India, South Africa A dicynodont therapsid
Lopingian Mildenhalls, Fort Beaufort; Karoo Basin, Beaufort West, both in South Africa, possibly Chiweta Beds, Malawi A grogonopsian therapsid
Lopingian South Africa A biarmosuchian therapsid
Lopingian South Africa A biarmosuchian therapsid
Guadalupian to Lopingian South Africa A grogonopsian therapsid
Lopingian South Africa A dicynodont therapsid

References

  1. ^ "陕西汉中梁山吴家坪灰岩的再研究 (Restudies on the Wujiaping Limestone Liangshan of Hanzhong, Shaanxi)". Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  2. ^ Gradstein, F. M.; Ogg, J. G. & Smith, A. G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press
  3. ^ "Wuchiapingian". GeoWhen Database, International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). Retrieved 4 March 2010.
  4. ^ Kanmera, Kametoshi; and Nakazawa, Keiji, 1973, Permian-Triassic relationships and faunal changes in the eastern Tethys, in Logan, A.; and Hills, L. V.; eds.; The Permian and Triassic Systems and their mutual boundary, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 2, pp. 100–129
  5. ^ Jin, Y.; Shen, S.; Henderson, C. M.; Wang, X.; Wang, W.; Wang, Y.; Cao, C. & Shang, Q.; 2006: The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the boundary between the Capitanian and Wuchiapingian Stage (Permian), Episodes 29(4), pp. 253–262
  6. ^ Sahney, S.; Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275 (1636): 759–65. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898. PMID 18198148. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

External links

23°41′43″N 109°19′16″E / 23.6953°N 109.3211°E / 23.6953; 109.3211