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Bay View massacre

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Bay View Massacre
Wisconsin Historical Marker
DateMay 5, 1886
Location
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
GoalsEight-hour day
MethodsStrikes, Protest, Demonstrations
Parties
Wisconsin National Guard
Lead figures
Casualties and losses
Deaths: 7
Injuries:
Arrests:
Deaths:
Injuries:

The Bay View massacre (sometimes also referred to as the Bay View Tragedy) was the culmination of events that began on Saturday May 1, 1886 when 7,000 building-trades workers joined with 5,000 Polish laborers who had organized at St. Stanislaus Catholic Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to strike against their employers, demanding an eight-hour work day.[1]

By Monday, these numbers had increased to over 14,000 workers that gathered at the Milwaukee Iron Company rolling mill in Bay View. They were met by 250 National Guardsmen under order from Republican Governor Jeremiah M. Rusk. The strikers had shut down every business in the city except the North Chicago Rolling Mills in Bay View. The guardsmen's orders were that, if the strikers were to enter the Mills, they should shoot to kill. But when the captain received the order it had a different meaning: he ordered his men to pick out a man and shoot to kill when the order was given. Workers camped in the nearby fields and the Kosciuszko Militia arrived by May 4. Early the next day the crowd, which by this time contained children, approached the mill and were fired upon. Seven people died as a result, including a thirteen-year-old boy.[2][3] Several more were injured during the protest. Several contradictory newspaper accounts described other possible casualities, but the count of seven deaths is substantiated by specific names (Frank Kunkel, Frank Nowarczyk, John Marsh, Robert Erdman, Johann Zazka, Martin Jankowiak, and Michael Ruchalski).[4]

Since 1986, members of the Bay View Historical Society, the Wisconsin Labor History Society, and other community groups have held a commemorative event to honor the memories of those killed during the incident. The event is held every year on the first Sunday in May at 3pm, at the State Historical Marker site at the intersection of Superior Street and Russell Avenue, within view of the former rolling mill location.

See also

References

  1. ^ Nesbit, Robert C. (1985). "Labor". The History of Wisconsin, Vol. 3: Urbanization and Industrialization, 1873-1993. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin. pp. 381–403. ISBN 0-87020-122-0.
  2. ^ Korn, Bernhard C. (1980). "Labor Seeks Its Own". The Story of Bay View. Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Historical Society. pp. 85–89. ISBN 0-938076-05-1.
  3. ^ http://www.uwm.edu/People/emj9/Labor%20Walk/interface%20two.html.
  4. ^ http://urbanmilwaukee.com/2011/05/02/the-bay-view-massacre-125-years-later/

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