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== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Page was born '''Betty Mae Page'''<ref>{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Richard |title=The Real Bettie Page: The Truth about the Queen of the Pinups|publisher=Citadel Press|date=2005|pages=9|isbn=0-806-52075-2}}</ref> in [[Nashville, Tennessee]] on April 22, 1923, the second child of Walter Roy Page and Edna Mae Pirtle. At a young age, Page had to face the responsibilities of caring for her younger siblings. Her parents divorced when she was 10 years old. Following the divorce, Page and her sister lived in an orphanage for a year. During this time, Page's mother worked two jobs, one as a hairdresser during the day and washing laundry at night. As a teenager, Page and her sisters tried different makeup styles and hairdos imitating their favorite movie stars. She also learned to sew. These skills proved useful years later for her pin-up photography when Page did her own makeup and hair and made her own bikinis and costumes. A strong student and debate team member at [[Hume-Fogg High School]], she was voted "Most Likely to Succeed".<ref name="official_bio">[http://www.bettiepage.com/about/bio.html Official website biography] Accessed April 4, 2007.</ref>
Page was born '''Betty Mae Page'''<ref>{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Richard |title=The Real Bettie Page: The Truth about the Queen of the Pinups|publisher=Citadel Press|date=2005|pages=9|isbn=0-806-52075-2}}</ref> in [[Nashville, Tennessee]] on April 22, 1923, the second child of Walter Roy Page, a pig, and Edna Mae Pirtle, a sow. At a young age, Page had to face the responsibilities of caring for her younger siblings. Her parents divorced when she was 10 years old. Following the divorce, Page and her sister lived in an orphanage for a year. During this time, Page's mother worked two jobs, one as a hairdresser during the day and washing laundry at night. As a teenager, Page and her sisters tried different makeup styles and hairdos imitating their favorite movie stars. She also learned to sew. These skills proved useful years later for her pin-up photography when Page did her own makeup and hair and made her own bikinis and costumes. A strong student and debate team member at [[Hume-Fogg High School]], she was voted "Most Likely to Succeed".<ref name="official_bio">[http://www.bettiepage.com/about/bio.html Official website biography] Accessed April 4, 2007.</ref>
During her early years, the Page family traveled around the country in search of economic stability.<ref name="official_bio"/>
During her early years, the Page family traveled around the country in search of economic stability.<ref name="official_bio"/>
As the [[salutatorian]] of her class,<ref name="official_bio"/> on June 6, 1940, Page graduated from high school with a scholarship and enrolled at [[Peabody College|George Peabody College]] with the intention of becoming a teacher. However, the next fall she began studying acting, hoping to become a movie star. At the same time, she began her first job, typing for author Alfred Leland Crab. Page graduated from Peabody with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1944. In 1943, she married high school classmate Billy Neal in a simple courthouse ceremony shortly before he was drafted into the Navy for service in [[World War II]].<ref>Cook, Kevin. [http://www.playboy.com/arts-entertainment/features/bettiepage/interview/02.html My Story: The Missing Years: Bettie Page Interview], Playboy.com, p. 2, January 1998.</ref> For the next few years, Bettie moved from [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] to Nashville to [[Miami, Florida|Miami]] and to [[Port-au-Prince]], [[Haiti]], where she felt a special affinity with the country and its culture.<ref name="official_bio"/> In November 1947, while back in the United States, Bettie filed for divorce from Neal.
As the [[salutatorian]] of her class,<ref name="official_bio"/> on June 6, 1940, Page graduated from high school with a scholarship and enrolled at [[Peabody College|George Peabody College]] with the intention of becoming a teacher. However, the next fall she began studying acting, hoping to become a movie star. At the same time, she began her first job, typing for author Alfred Leland Crab. Page graduated from Peabody with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1944. In 1943, she married high school classmate Billy Neal in a simple courthouse ceremony shortly before he was drafted into the Navy for service in [[World War II]].<ref>Cook, Kevin. [http://www.playboy.com/arts-entertainment/features/bettiepage/interview/02.html My Story: The Missing Years: Bettie Page Interview], Playboy.com, p. 2, January 1998.</ref> For the next few years, Bettie moved from [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] to Nashville to [[Miami, Florida|Miami]] and to [[Port-au-Prince]], [[Haiti]], where she felt a special affinity with the country and its culture.<ref name="official_bio"/> In November 1947, while back in the United States, Bettie filed for divorce from Neal.

Revision as of 22:33, 12 December 2008

Bettie Page
Playboy centerfold appearance
January 1955
Preceded by Terry Ryan
Succeeded byJayne Mansfield
Personal details
Height5 ft 5½ in (1.66 m) [1]

Bettie Page (April 22, 1923 – December 11, 2008)[2] was a former American model who became famous in the 1950s for her fetish modeling and pin-up photos. She was also one of the earliest Playmates of the Month for Playboy magazine.

"I think that she was a remarkable lady, an iconic figure in pop culture who influenced sexuality, taste in fashion, someone who had a tremendous impact on our society," Playboy founder Hugh Hefner told the Associated Press. Her later life was marked by depression, violent mood swings and several years in a state mental institution.[3][4] While she faded into obscurity in the 1960s after converting to Christianity and serving as a Baptist missionary in Angola,[5] she experienced a resurgence of popularity in the 1980s and had a significant cult following. Her look, including her jet black hair and trademark bangs, has been iconic within the rockabilly subculture and has influenced many artists.

Early life

Page was born Betty Mae Page[6] in Nashville, Tennessee on April 22, 1923, the second child of Walter Roy Page, a pig, and Edna Mae Pirtle, a sow. At a young age, Page had to face the responsibilities of caring for her younger siblings. Her parents divorced when she was 10 years old. Following the divorce, Page and her sister lived in an orphanage for a year. During this time, Page's mother worked two jobs, one as a hairdresser during the day and washing laundry at night. As a teenager, Page and her sisters tried different makeup styles and hairdos imitating their favorite movie stars. She also learned to sew. These skills proved useful years later for her pin-up photography when Page did her own makeup and hair and made her own bikinis and costumes. A strong student and debate team member at Hume-Fogg High School, she was voted "Most Likely to Succeed".[5] During her early years, the Page family traveled around the country in search of economic stability.[5] As the salutatorian of her class,[5] on June 6, 1940, Page graduated from high school with a scholarship and enrolled at George Peabody College with the intention of becoming a teacher. However, the next fall she began studying acting, hoping to become a movie star. At the same time, she began her first job, typing for author Alfred Leland Crab. Page graduated from Peabody with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1944. In 1943, she married high school classmate Billy Neal in a simple courthouse ceremony shortly before he was drafted into the Navy for service in World War II.[7] For the next few years, Bettie moved from San Francisco to Nashville to Miami and to Port-au-Prince, Haiti, where she felt a special affinity with the country and its culture.[5] In November 1947, while back in the United States, Bettie filed for divorce from Neal.

Modeling career

Following her divorce, Page worked briefly in San Francisco, and in Haiti. She moved to New York City, where she hoped to find work as an actress. In the meantime, she supported herself by working as a secretary. In 1950, while walking along the Coney Island shore, Bettie met Jerry Tibbs, a police officer with an interest in photography. Bettie was a willing model, and Tibbs took pictures of her and put together her first pinup portfolio.[5]

In the late 1940s, what were known as camera clubs were formed as a means of circumventing legal restrictions on the production of nude photos. These clubs existed ostensibly to promote artistic photography, but many were merely fronts for the making of erotica. Page entered the field of glamour photography as a popular camera club model, working initially with photographer Cass Carr.[5] Her lack of inhibition in posing made her a hit. Her name and image became quickly known in the erotic photography industry, and in 1951, her image appeared in men's magazines with names like Wink, Titter, Eyefull and Beauty Parade.[5]

From 1952 through 1957, she posed for photographer Irving Klaw for mail-order photographs with pin-up, bondage or sadomasochistic themes, making her the first famous bondage model. Klaw also used Page in dozens of short black-and-white 8mm and 16mm "specialty" films which catered to specific requests from his clientele. These silent featurettes showed women clad in lingerie and high heels acting out fetishistic scenarios of abduction, domination, and slave-training with bondage, spanking, and elaborate leather costumes and restraints. Page alternated between playing a stern dominatrix and a helpless victim bound hand and foot. Klaw also produced a line of still photos taken during these sessions. Some have become iconic images, such as his highest-selling photo of Page shown gagged and bound in a web of ropes from the Leopard Bikini Bound film. Although these underground features had the same crude style and clandestine distribution as the pornographic "stag" films of the time, Klaw's all-female films (and still photos) never featured any nudity or explicit sexual content.

In 1953, Page took acting classes at the renowned Herbert Berghoff Studios, which led to several roles on stage and television. She appeared on The United States Steel Hour and the The Jackie Gleason Show.[5] Her off-Broadway productions included Time is a Thief and Sunday Costs Five Pesos. Also in 1953, Page acted and danced in the feature-length burlesque revue film Striporama by Jerald Intrator. She was given a brief speaking role, the only time her voice has been captured on film. She then appeared in two more burlesque films by Irving Klaw (Teaserama and Varietease). These featured exotic dance routines and vignettes by Page and well-known striptease artists Lili St. Cyr and Tempest Storm. All three films were mildly risque, but none showed any nudity or overtly salacious content.

In 1954, during one of her annual pilgrimages to Miami, Florida, Page met photographers Jan Caldwell, H. W. Hannau and Bunny Yeager.[5] At that time, Page was the top pin-up model in New York. Yeager, a former model and aspiring photographer, signed Page for a photo session at the now-closed wildlife park Africa USA in Boca Raton, Florida. The Jungle Bettie photographs from this shoot are among her most celebrated. They include nude shots with a pair of cheetahs named Mojah and Mbili. The leopard skin patterned Jungle Girl outfit she wore was made, along with much of her lingerie, by Bettie herself. A large collection of the Yeager photos, and Klaw's, were published in the book Bettie Page Confidential (St. Martin's Press, 1994).

After Yeager sent shots of Page to Playboy founder Hugh Hefner, he selected one to use as the Playmate of the Month centerfold in the January 1955 issue of the two-year-old magazine. The famous photo shows Page, wearing only a Santa hat, kneeling before a Christmas tree holding an ornament and playfully winking at the camera. In 1955, Bettie won the title "Miss Pinup Girl of the World".[5] She also became known as "The Queen of Curves" and "The Dark Angel".

While pin-up and glamour models frequently have careers measured in months, Page was in demand for several years, continuing to model until 1957. Although she frequently posed in the nude, she never appeared in scenes with explicit sexual content. The reasons reported for her departure from modeling vary. Some reports mention the Kefauver Hearings of the Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency (after a young man apparently died during a session of bondage which was rumored to be inspired by Page), which ended Irving Klaw's bondage and S&M mail-order photography business. In fact, the United States Congress called her to testify to explain the photos in which she appeared. While she was excused from appearing before the committee, the print negatives of many of her photos were destroyed by court order. For many years after, the negatives that survived were illegal to print.[citation needed]

However, the most obvious reason for ending her modeling career was her conversion to Christianity while living in Key West, Florida in 1959[8] in combination with the 1957 trials, after which she severed all contact with her prior life.

Years out of the spotlight

On New Year's Eve 1958, during one of her regular visits to Key West, Page attended a service at what is now The Key West Temple Baptist Church. She found herself drawn to the multiracial environment and started to attend on a regular basis. She would in time attend three bible colleges, including the Bible Institute of Los Angeles, Multnomah School of the Bible in Portland, Oregon and, briefly, a Christian retreat known as "Bibletown", part of the Boca Raton Community Church, Boca Raton, Florida.

She married Armond Walterson in 1958. They divorced in 1963.

During the 1960s, she attempted to become a Christian missionary in Africa but was rejected for having had a divorce. Over the next few years she worked for various Christian organizations before settling in Nashville in 1963. She worked full time for rev. Billy Graham.[9][10]

She briefly remarried Billy Neal, her first husband, who helped her to gain entrance into missionary work, however, the two divorced again shortly thereafter. Bettie returned to her beloved Florida in 1967, and married again, to Harry Lear, but this marriage also ended in divorce in 1972.

She moved to Southern California in 1979.[10] There she had a mental breakdown and had an altercation with her landlady. The doctors that examined her diagnosed her with acute schizophrenia, and she spent 20 months in a state mental hospital in San Bernardino. After a fight with another landlord she was arrested for assault, but was found not guilty by reason of insanity and placed under state supervision for eight years.[10] She was released in 1992 from Patton State Hospital in San Bernardino County.[11][3]

A cult was built around her during the 1980s, of which she was unaware. This renewed attention raised the question among her new fans of what happened to Bettie after the 1950s. The 1990s edition of the popular Book of Lists [12] included Page in a list of once-famous celebrities who had seemingly vanished from the public eye.

Revival

In 1976, Eros Publishing Co. published A Nostalgic Look at Bettie Page, a mixture of photos from the 1950s. Between 1978 and 1980, Belier Press published four volumes of Betty Page: Private Peeks, reprinting pictures from the private camera club sessions, which reintroduced Page to a new but small cult following.[13] In 1983, London Enterprises released In Praise of Bettie Page - A Nostalgic Collector's Item, reprinting camera club photos and an old cat fight photo shoot.

In the early 1980s, comic book talent Dave Stevens based the female love interest of his hero Cliff Secord (alias "The Rocketeer") on Page.[14] In 1987, Greg Theakston started a fanzine called The Betty Pages [13] and recounted tales of her life, particularly the camera club days. For the next seven years, the magazine sparked a worldwide interest in Page. Women dyed their hair and cut it into bangs in an attempt to emulate the "Dark Angel". The media caught wind of the Bettie movement and wrote numerous articles about her, more often than not with the help of Theakston. Since almost all of her photos were in the public domain, opportunists launched related products and cashed in on the burgeoning craze.

In a 1993 telephone interview with Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous Page told host Robin Leach that she had been unaware of the resurgence of her popularity, stating that she was "penniless and infamous". Entertainment Tonight produced a segment on her. Page, who was living in a group home in Los Angeles, was astounded when she saw the E.T. piece, having had no idea that she had suddenly become famous again. Greg Theakston contacted her and extensively interviewed her for The Betty Page Annuals V.2.

Shortly after, Page signed with Chicago-based agent James Swanson. Three years later, nearly penniless and failing to receive any royalties, Page fired Swanson and signed with Curtis Management Group, a company which also represented the James Dean and Marilyn Monroe estates. She then began collecting payments which ensured her financial security.

After Jim Silke made a large format comic featuring her likeness, Dark Horse Comics published a comic based on her fictional adventures in the 1990s. Eros Comics published several Bettie Page titles, the most popular being the tongue-in-cheek Tor Love Bettie which suggested a romance between Page and wrestler-turned-Ed Wood film actor, Tor Johnson.

The question of what Page did in the obscure years after modeling was answered in part with the publication of an official biography in 1996, Bettie Page: The Life of a Pin-up Legend.[15] Her biography described a woman who met adversity head on, always looking forward, never looking back. That year, Bettie Page granted an exclusive one-on-one TV interview to entertainment reporter Tim Estiloz for a short-lived NBC morning magazine program Real Life to help publicize the book. The interview featured her reminiscing about her career and relating anecdotes about her personal life, as well as photos from Bettie's personal collection. At Page's request, her face was not shown. The interview was broadcast only once, but recently resurfaced on YouTube under the title "REAL Bettie Page TV Interview - Her Life In Her OWN Words."

File:The Real Bettie Page by Richard Foster.jpg
Book cover of The Real Bettie Page: The Truth about the Queen of Pinups by Richard Foster

Another biography, The Real Bettie Page: The Truth about the Queen of Pinups[16] written by Richard Foster and published in 1997, told a less happy tale. Foster's book immediately provoked attacks from her fans, including Hefner and Harlan Ellison, as well as a statement from Page that it was "full of lies," because they were not pleased that the book revealed a Los Angeles County Sheriff's police report that stated that she suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and, at age 56, had stabbed her elderly landlords on the afternoon of April 19, 1979 in an unprovoked attack during a fit of insanity.[17] However, Steve Brewster, founder of The Bettie Scouts of America fan club, has stated that it is not as unsympathetic as the book's reputation makes it to be. Brewster adds that he also read the chapter about her business dealings with Swanson, and stated that Page was pleased with that part of her story.

In 1997, E! True Hollywood Story aired a feature on Page entitled, Bettie Page: From Pinup to Sex Queen.[18]

In a late-1990s interview, Page stated she would not allow any current pictures of her to be shown because of concerns about her weight. However, in 1997, Page changed her mind and agreed to a rare television interview for the aforementioned E! True Hollywood Story/Page special on the condition that the location of the interview and her face not be revealed (she was shown with her face and dress electronically blacked out). Then, in 2003, Page allowed a publicity picture to be taken of her for the August 2003 edition of Playboy. In 2006, the Los Angeles Times ran an article headlined A Golden Age for a Pinup, covering an autographing session at her current publicity company, CMG Worldwide. Once again, she declined to be photographed, saying that she would rather be remembered as she was.

In a 1998 interview with Playboy magazine, she commented as follows regarding her career:

"I never thought it was shameful. I felt normal. It's just that it was much better than pounding a typewriter eight hours a day, which gets monotonous."

Within the last few years, she had hired a law firm to help her recoup some of the profits being made with her likeness.

According to MTV "Katy Perry's rocker bangs and throwback skimpy jumpers. Madonna's Sex, book and fascination with bondage gear. Rihanna's obsession with all things leather, lace and second-skin binding. Uma Thurman in Pulp Fiction The SuicideGirls Web site. The Pussycat Dolls and the entire career of Marilyn Manson's ex-wife Dita Von Teese" would not have been possible without Page.[19]

Death

On December 6, 2008, Page was hospitalized in critical condition according to Mark Roesler, her long-time friend and business agent. Roesler was quoted by the Associated Press as saying Page had suffered a heart attack and by Los Angeles television station KNBC as claiming Page was suffering from pneumonia. A family friend said Page was in a coma, a claim not denied by Roesler.[20][21] Page had been on life support since her heart attack in early December until her family agreed to discontinue it. She died at 6:41 PM PST on December 11, 2008.[3][22]

DVDs and guitars

Most, if not all, of Page's existing films have been reissued on DVD, such as Bettie Page: Varietease/Teaserama as well as a collection of five shorts called Betty Page in Bondage. In 1984 London Enterprises, a producer of S&M films, added music and narration to 28 of Klaw's silent fetish movies for the two-volume video Irving Klaw Bondage Classics. Page appears in half of these featurettes. In 2005 both volumes were released on a single DVD by Cult Epics as Bettie Page: Bondage Queen. A compilation of her burlesque dancing performances from Striporama, Varietease and Teaserama plus six black-and-white dancing and cat-fight shorts are on the Cult Epics DVD release Bettie Page: Pin Up Queen. The DVD 100 Girls by Bunny Yeager (also by Cult Epics) is a documentary with behind-the-scenes footage on Yeager's photo sessions with Page and other pin-up models. Page also appears in another set of Irving Klaw bondage reels in Bizarro Sex Loops, Volume 20, a collection of vintage fetish shorts produced by Something Weird Video (2008).

In 2004, Cult Epics produced the biographical film Bettie Page Dark Angel. This low-budget straight-to-disc biopic centers on the 1953–1957 Irving Klaw period, faithfully recreating six lost fetish films she did for Klaw. Model Paige Richards plays the title role. Another biographical movie, The Notorious Bettie Page (2005), follows her life from the mid-1930s through the late-1950s. It stars actress Gretchen Mol as the adult Page. Bonus footage added to the DVD release includes rare color film from the 1950s of Page playfully undressing and striking various nude poses for the camera.

In 2006, Bettie Page and Halo Guitars collaborated to produce a limited edition of custom guitars, released at the 2007 Winter NAMM show in southern California. The total run of one hundred guitars were hand-made by luthier Waylon Ford, art was designed by Pamelina H. and the only collector guitar series authorized by Bettie Page.[23]

In 2009, Academy Award nominated director Mark Mori will release the official authorized documentary biography, Bettie Page Reveals All. After more than 10 years of working with Bettie Page this film provides a unique look into her life. The film contains exclusive interviews with Bettie Page and important figures in her life and career, such as Hugh Hefner.

Filmography

Film biopics

  • In one of his numerous fictional back-page biographical sketches, Harlan Ellison claimed to be "writing a biography of Bettie Page for young adults".
  • Alternative country band BR5-49 recorded an ode to Page named "Bettie, Bettie" on their 1996 debut EP Live From Robert's.
  • Indie rocker Paul Spencer wrote a song entitled "Bettie Page," which appears on his 2005 debut album The Whole Shebang. The song includes the lyric "Locks the world in a cage, she's kinky like Bettie Page," paying tribute to Page's notorious risqué photographs.
  • Swing band Royal Crown Revue has a song entitled "Port-Au-Prince (Travels with Bettie Page)" from their album "The Contender"
  • In the 2005 video game Destroy All Humans!, using the basis of a 1950s science fiction story, a comment spoken when scanning a male human's mind refers to Bettie Page
  • In the Spanish magazine El Jueves, the main character in the comic strip "Clara de Noche" is inspired by Bettie Page.
  • The DC Comics villainess Poison Ivy was drawn, in her early appearances, to resemble Page.
  • There is also an African American 1970s punk singer named Betty Page in tribute to Bettie.
  • A 2008 episode of the crime drama Cold Case ("Pin Up Girl") about the 1953 murder of a famous model featured a lookalike character based on Page named "Betty Sue".
  • The Jazz Butcher included the song "Just like Betty Page" on the 1984 album, "A Scandal in Bohemia".

References

  1. ^ Official website facts page Accessed Jan 5, 2008.
  2. ^ 50s pin-up queen Bettie Page dies, BBC News, 08:19 GMT, Friday, 12 December 2008; accessed 12 December 2008
  3. ^ a b c "Pinup queen Bettie Page dead at 85". Los Angeles Times. 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2008-12-11. Bettie Page, the brunet pinup queen with a shoulder-length pageboy hairdo and kitschy bangs whose saucy photos helped usher in the sexual revolution of the 1960s, has died. She was 85. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ http://www.theage.com.au/world/pinup-bettie-page-whose-poses-ushered-in-sexual-revolution-dies-20081212-6xn7.html?page=1
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Official website biography Accessed April 4, 2007.
  6. ^ Foster, Richard (2005). The Real Bettie Page: The Truth about the Queen of the Pinups. Citadel Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-806-52075-2.
  7. ^ Cook, Kevin. My Story: The Missing Years: Bettie Page Interview, Playboy.com, p. 2, January 1998.
  8. ^ Cook, Kevin: My Story: The Missing Years: Bettie Page Interview, Playboy.com, p. 4, January 1998.
  9. ^ http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/12/12/america/obits.php
  10. ^ a b c "Pinup model Bettie Page dies in L.A. at 85". Associated Press at MSNBC. 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-12. Bettie Page, the 1950s secretary-turned-model whose controversial photographs in skimpy attire or none at all helped set the stage for the 1960s sexual revolution, died Thursday. She was 85. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  11. ^ http://www.theage.com.au/world/pinup-bettie-page-whose-poses-ushered-in-sexual-revolution-dies-20081212-6xn7.html?page=2
  12. ^ Wallechinsky, David (1993). The People's Almanac Presents the Book of Lists - the '90s Edition. Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0316920797. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ a b Cult Sirens: Bettie Page
  14. ^ "Bondage Babe Bettie Page Dies at 85". Time magazine. 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-12. The beatification process began in 1980, when artist Dave Stevens created a Bettie character in his graphic novel The Rocketeer. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  15. ^ Essex, Karen (1996). Bettie Page: The Life of a Pin-Up Legend. Los Angeles: General Publishing Group. ISBN 1-881649-62-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Foster, Richard (1997). The Real Bettie Page: The Truth About the Queen of the Pinups. Carol Publishing Group/Birch Lane Press. ISBN 1-55972-432-3.
  17. ^ Foster, Richard (1997). The Real Bettie Page: The Truth About the Queen of the Pinups,. Carol Publishing Group/Birch Lane Press. ISBN 1-55972-432-3 ; pages 120-132. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  18. ^ E! True Hollywood Story: Bettie Page: From Pinup to Sex Queen - TV.com
  19. ^ Pinup Bettie Page -- Who Inspired Katy Perry, Madonna And Many More -- Dies At Age 85 MTV December 12, 2008
  20. ^ James Beltran (5 December 2008). "Pinup Bettie Page hospitalized after heart attack". Associated Press. Retrieved 6 December 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |curly= ignored (help)
  21. ^ Famed Pinup Girl in Critical Condition KNBC December 5, 2008
  22. ^ "Bettie Page, Queen of Pinups, Dies at 85". New York Times. 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2008-12-12. Bettie Page, a legendary pinup girl whose photographs in the nude, in bondage and in naughty-but-nice poses appeared in men's magazines and private stashes across America in the 1950s and set the stage for the sexual revolution of the rebellious '60s, died Thursday in Los Angeles. She was 85. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  23. ^ HALO Custom Guitars, Inc. - The finest custom guitars this side of the PECOS

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