Camp Vernet
Le Vernet Internment Camp, or Camp Vernet, was a concentration camp[1] in Le Vernet, Ariège, near Pamiers, in the French Pyrenees. In the Second World War, starting in 1940, the Vichy government used it to house prisoners considered suspect or dangerous to the government. From 1942 until June 1944, it was used as a holding camp for Jewish families awaiting deportation to other camps. The last transport out of the camp in June 1944 took the prisoners to Dachau concentration camp.
History
Camp Vernet was originally built in June 1918 to house French colonial troops serving in World War I but when hostilities ceased it was used to hold German and Austrian prisoners of war.[2]
Between the wars, it served as a military depot.[2] Towards the end of the Spanish Civil War, in February 1939, it was put to a new use. It became a reception camp for Republicans fleeing from Francisco Franco's armies after the collapse of the Second Spanish Republic. At this time, it held mainly former soldiers from the Republican Durruti Division.[1]
With the outbreak of World War II, the role of the camp was expanded. It was used to house "undesirable" foreigners, in particular, anti-fascist intellectuals and former members of the International Brigades.[1]
Le Vernet features in the 2012 novel Citadel by Kate Mosse, which follows the lives of a group of local people and resistance fighters.
Operations under Vichy government
After the Fall of France on 25 June 1940, it was taken over by the pro-Nazi Vichy France authorities, to house "all foreigners considered suspect or dangerous to the public order".[1] From 1942, Le Vernet was used as a holding centre for Jewish families awaiting deportation to Nazi labour and extermination camps.[1] The final transport took place in June 1944 and took the remaining prisoners to Dachau concentration camp.[1] One source says that "about 40,000 persons of 58 nationalities were interned in the camp".[1]
Notable prisoners
- Max Aub
- Kurt Julius Goldstein
- Jesekiel David Kirszenbaum
- Leon Degrelle
- Arthur Koestler, who wrote about it in Scum of the Earth (1941) and The Invisible Writing.
- Rudolf Leonhard, German playwright and communist
- Heinrich Rau
- Sascha Schapiro
- Miguel García Vivancos
- Olof Aschberg
- Erwin Blumenfeld
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Template:En iconCamp Vernet Website
- ^ a b Template:Fr icon Camp Vernet Website Archived 2009-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
Sources
- Template:En icon Ariège history, website in English]
- Template:Fr icon Ariège history, Chemins de Memoire, in French
See also
43°11′43″N 1°36′30″E / 43.19528°N 1.60833°E
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- Military installations of France
- World War I prisoner-of-war camps
- World War I sites in France
- Internment camps of the Spanish Civil War
- World War II internment camps in France
- Nazi concentration camps in France
- Buildings and structures in Ariège
- History of Occitanie
- Spanish history stubs
- French history stubs