1974 Canadian federal election
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264 seats in the 30th Canadian Parliament 133 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 71.0%[1] (5.7pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Popular vote by province, with graphs indicating the number of seats won. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote by province but instead via results by each riding. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Canadian federal election of 1974 was held on July 8, 1974, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 30th Parliament of Canada. The governing Liberal Party was reelected, going from a minority to a majority government, and gave Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau his third term. The Progressive Conservatives, led by Robert Stanfield, did well in the Atlantic provinces, and in the West, but the Liberal support in Ontario and Quebec ensured a majority Liberal government.
Overview
The previous election had resulted in the Liberals emerging as the largest party, but far short of a majority, and only two seats ahead of the Progressive Conservatives. They were able to form a government with the support of the New Democratic Party, but the NDP withdrew their backing in May 1974 and voted with the Progressive Conservatives to bring down Trudeau's government in protest of a budget proposed by finance minister John Turner, which the opposition parties felt did not go far enough to control spiralling inflation.
The issue of inflation would become key in the election campaign. Stanfield had proposed a "90-day wage and price freeze" to break the momentum of inflation. Trudeau had ridiculed this policy as an intrusion on the rights of businesses and employees to set or negotiate their own prices and wages with the catch-phrase, "Zap! You're frozen!" In 1975, Trudeau introduced his own wage and price control system under the auspices of the "Anti-Inflation Board".
The New Democratic Party, led by David Lewis, lost less than two-and-a-half percentage points in the popular vote, but lost almost half of their seats in the House of Commons. It was the worst result in the party's history up until that point, with only their performances in 1993 and 2000 to date being worse. They were hurt principally by the collapse of their vote in British Columbia; having won the popular vote and most seats in the province two years prior, the NDP were almost totally wiped out in the province during this election, losing all but two of their seats and finishing a distant third behind the Liberals and Tories.
The Social Credit Party of Canada, led by Réal Caouette, continued to lose ground, and fell to 11 seats, one short of the number required to be recognized as a party in the House of Commons (and therefore qualify for research funds and parliamentary committee memberships). This status was nonetheless extended to the party by the governing Liberals, who believed that Social Credit's support came primarily at the expense of the Tories.
One seat was won in New Brunswick by independent candidate Leonard Jones. Jones, the former mayor of Moncton, had secured the Progressive Conservative nomination, but PC leader Stanfield refused to sign Jones' nomination papers because he was a vocal opponent of official bilingualism, which the PC Party supported. Jones had opposed providing services in French in the City of Moncton even though 30% of the city's population was francophone. Jones ran and won as an independent. After the election, Social Credit leader Caouette invited Jones to join the Socred caucus, which would have given that party enough members for official status. Caouette justified the invitation on the basis that Jones agreed with providing bilingual education at the primary school level. Jones declined Caouette's invitation, and sat as an independent.
Of the four major party leaders, only Trudeau would remain in place for the following federal election five years later. Stanfield, having failed to defeat the Liberals in any of his three elections as leader, faced pressure to stand down and eventually did so in 1976, being succeeded by Joe Clark. Lewis's position was rendered untenable by the loss of his own seat, and he was forced to stand down within a year of the election (though it later transpired that he had intended to retire in 1975 regardless of the election result, as he had secretly been battling leukaemia); Ed Broadbent initially replaced him as interim leader, and was subsequently elected to the position permanently. Caouette, who had only been able to play a minimal role in the election due to injuries sustained in a snowmobiling accident, stood down as leader of the Socreds in late 1976 and died not long afterwards; a succession of leaders took charge in the years ahead, ultimately leaving Fabien Roy as the man who would lead them into the next election.
National results
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141 | 95 | 16 | 11 | 1 |
Liberal | Progressive Conservative | NDP | SC | O |
Party | Party leader | # of candidates |
Seats | Popular vote | ||||||
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1972 | Dissolution | Elected | % Change | # | % | Change | ||||
Liberal | Pierre Trudeau | 264 | 109 | 109 | 141 | +29.4% | 4,102,853 | 43.15% | +4.73pp | |
Progressive Conservative | Robert Stanfield | 264 | 107 | 106 | 95 | -11.2% | 3,371,319 | 35.46% | +0.44pp | |
New Democratic Party | David Lewis | 262 | 31 | 31 | 16 | -48.4% | 1,467,748 | 15.44% | -2.40pp | |
Social Credit | Real Caouette | 152 | 15 | 15 | 11 | -26.7% | 481,231 | 5.06% | -2.49pp | |
Independent | 63 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 38,745 | 0.41% | -0.18pp | ||
Unknown | 28 | - | - | - | - | 17,124 | 0.18% | -0.15pp | ||
Marxist–Leninist | Hardial Bains | 104 | - | 16,261 | 0.17% | |||||
Communist | William Kashtan | 69 | - | 12,100 | 0.13% | |||||
No affiliation | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | -100% | 551 | 0.01% | -0.24pp | ||
Vacant | 2 | |||||||||
Total | 1,209 | 264 | 264 | 264 | - | 9,507,932 | 100% | |||
Sources: http://www.elections.ca History of Federal Ridings since 1867 |
Note: "% change" refers to change from previous election
Vote and seat summaries
Results by province
Party name | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PE | NL | NT | YK | Total | ||
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Liberal | Seats: | 8 | - | 3 | 2 | 55 | 60 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | - | 141 | |
Popular Vote (%): | 33.8 | 24.8 | 30.7 | 27.4 | 45.1 | 54.1 | 47.2 | 40.7 | 46.2 | 46.7 | 24.7 | 33.5 | 43.2 | ||
Progressive Conservative | Seats: | 13 | 19 | 8 | 9 | 25 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 3 | - | 1 | 95 | |
Vote: | 41.9 | 61.2 | 36.4 | 47.7 | 35.1 | 21.2 | 33.0 | 47.5 | 49.1 | 43.6 | 33.2 | 47.1 | 35.5 | ||
New Democratic Party | Seats: | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 8 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 16 | |
Vote: | 23.0 | 9.3 | 31.5 | 23.5 | 19.1 | 6.6 | 8.7 | 11.2 | 4.6 | 9.5 | 42.1 | 19.5 | 15.4 | ||
Social Credit | Seats: | - | - | - | - | - | 11 | - | - | - | 11 | ||||
Vote: | 1.2 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 17.1 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 5.1 | |||||
Independent | Seats: | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | |||||
Vote: | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 8.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | ||||||
Total seats: | 23 | 19 | 13 | 13 | 88 | 74 | 10 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 264 | ||
Parties that won no seats: | |||||||||||||||
Unknown | Vote: | xx | 1.0. | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |||||||
Marxist–Leninist | Vote: | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | xx | 0.1 | 0.2 | |||||
Communist | Vote: | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||||||
No affiliation | Vote: | xx | xx | xx |
xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote.
Notes
- Number of parties: 6
- First appearance: Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada
- Final appearance: none
See also
- List of Canadian federal general elections
- List of political parties in Canada
- 30th Canadian parliament
References
- ^ Pomfret, R. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Elections Canada. Retrieved 11 January 2014.