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Church of Our Lady, Bruges

Coordinates: 51°12′17″N 3°13′28″E / 51.20472°N 3.22444°E / 51.20472; 3.22444
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Church of Our Lady
Dutch: Onze-Lieve-Vrouwkerk
Church of Our Lady
Map
51°12′17″N 3°13′28″E / 51.20472°N 3.22444°E / 51.20472; 3.22444
LocationBruges
CountryBelgium
DenominationRoman Catholic
Websitewww.onthaalkerk-brugge.be
History
StatusParish church
DedicationMary
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Architectural typeChurch
StyleGothic
Years built1270-1280 (choir)
14th/15th century (various additions)
Groundbreaking13th century
Specifications
Height115.6 m (379 ft 3 in)
MaterialsBrick
Administration
DioceseBruges

The Church of Our Lady (Dutch: Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk) is a Roman Catholic church in Bruges, Belgium, dating mainly from the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. Its 115.6-metre-high (379 ft) tower remains the tallest structure in the city and the third tallest brickwork tower in the world (after St. Mary's Church in Lübeck and St. Martin's Church in Landshut, both in Germany).

The church demonstrates the Gothic style in the prominent Flying buttresses on the exterior which were constructed in the 1270s and 80s.[1] The nave contains cross-vaults and black and white tiled flooring.[1] The interior demonstrates the heavily ornamented Baroque style in the side aisles and chancel.[1] One of the chapels in the church was created in 1482 for a wealthy man named Lodewijk van Gruuthuse, as his personal worship area.[1]

Burials

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In the choir space behind the high altar are the tombs of Charles the Bold, last Valois Duke of Burgundy, and that of his daughter, the duchess Mary. The gilded bronze effigies of both father and daughter repose at full length on polished slabs of black stone. Both are crowned, and Charles is represented in full armor and wearing the decoration of the Order of the Golden Fleece. The dress and ornamentation of the bronzed Mary is consistent with the Gothic style, and around the sides of the stone is a genealogy.[1] There is glass over the tomb opening so the frescoes on the walls are visible from above, with Jan Borman being the creator of the tomb.[1] The English founder of the convent at Antwerp, Mary Lovel, was buried by the high altar in 1628. She died here whilst trying to establish another convent in the city.[2]

Madonna and Child

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The altarpiece of the large chapel in the southern aisle, known as the Cappella sacra created in the 18th century in the Baroque style,[1] enshrines the most celebrated art treasure of the church—a white marble sculpture of the Madonna and Child created by Michelangelo around 1504. There is evidence of this date based on payments being made to Michelangelo by Florentine bankers Baldassare and Giovanni Balducci between 1503 and 1504.[3] The block of marble used to sculpt the Madonna weighed close to a ton so suitable locations for carving would have been limited. It is likely that Michelangelo began carving the sculpture in Carrara, as he was there for close to a year in 1505. The Madonna was completed in 1506.[3] It was probably meant originally for Siena Cathedral; however, it was purchased in Italy by two Brugean merchants, the brothers Jan and Alexander Mouscron. This was due to a monetary disagreement that led to Michelangelo having the statue brought privately to the Mouscrons in Bruges instead [4] and in 1514 it was donated to its present home. The sculpture was a memorial to the Mouscron parents, "...which would include a 'sumptuous tabernacle' that would hold an 'excellent' sculpture of the Virgin that is 'very precious' and 'costly'..." No alterations are allowed to be made to the Madonna without proper permission.[3] While Michelangelo was alive, the Madonna was the only sculpture to be taken out of Italy.[1] The sculpture was twice recovered after being looted by foreign occupiers—French revolutionaries c. 1794 and Nazi Germans in 1944. Close to the Michelangelo statue important Brugeans are buried such as Françoise de Haveskercke, buried next to her husband in the black tomb of the Haveskercke family on the right side of the statue.

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Exterior

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  • Tower, viewed from north-east
    Tower, viewed from north-east
  • Another view of the tower
    Another view of the tower
  • Facade
    Facade

Interior

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Works of art

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  • Madonna by Michelangelo, 1501-1504
    Madonna by Michelangelo, 1501-1504
  • Madonna by Michelangelo
    Madonna by Michelangelo
  • Crucifixion by Anthony van Dyck, 1626
    Crucifixion by Anthony van Dyck, 1626
  • Supper at Emmaüs, formerly ascribed to Caravaggio
    Supper at Emmaüs, formerly ascribed to Caravaggio
  • Deposition of the Cross; anonymous
    Deposition of the Cross; anonymous

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Flatley, Robert. "Kanopy". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ Seguin, Colleen M. (2004). "Lovel, Mary [née Jane Roper], Lady Lovel (c. 1564–1628), founder of the English Carmelite convent at Antwerp". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/69036. Retrieved 2021-02-11. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ^ a b c Sheedy, Lindsay. Marble made flesh : Michelangelo's Bruges Madonna in the service of devotion. OCLC 953876994.
  4. ^ Stone, Richard E.; Mancusi-Ungaro, Harold R. (1973). "Review of Michelangelo: The Bruges Madonna and the Piccolomini Altar., Harold R. Mancusi-Ungaro, Jr". Renaissance Quarterly. 26 (3): 340–341. doi:10.2307/2859779. ISSN 0034-4338. JSTOR 2859779.
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