Crunk: Difference between revisions
Undid revision 321100563 by 190.254.150.136 (talk) reverted long missed vandalism |
|||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
[[sv:Crunk]] |
[[sv:Crunk]] |
||
[[tr:Crunk]] |
[[tr:Crunk]] |
||
Crunk is what crunk does! |
|||
It's the flyest movement ever made |
|||
Revision as of 14:01, 23 October 2009
| Crunk | |
|---|---|
| Stylistic origins | Hip hop music (southern hip hop, chopped and screwed) - Electro - Dancehall - Techno - House |
| Cultural origins | 1990s, Memphis, USA |
| Typical instruments | Drum machine, Synthesizer, Human voice, Autotune, Vocoder |
| Fusion genres | |
| Crunk&B - Crunkcore - Aquacrunk | |
| Other topics | |
| Snap music | |
Crunk (also, rap, southern rap[1]) is a musical form, either a genre of music itself[2] or a subgenre of hip hop music,[3] that originated from southern hip hop, electro and dancehall in the 1990s. Crunk was created in Memphis, Tennessee, but the most of its development happened in Atlanta, Georgia. It became one of the most popular styles of music in the mid and late 2000s and enjoys huge mainstream success in the United States and Great Britain.
Typical crunk track is based around dancehall or funky rhythm made on a drum machine, easy synthethised melody and mostly shouting or murmling vocals. Lil Jon, the principal architect of crunk music, compared it to rock music, due to effect it causes on concerts; he also dubbed it "black punk rock".[1]
Etymology
Traditionally, crunk meant a hoarse, harsh cry.[4] The first known use of the word "crunk" was in 1972 by Dr. Seuss in his book Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!. Webster's Dictionary defines "crunk" as a "word of fluctuating meaning used during the 1990s in lyrics of the rap groups OutKast and Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz, a style of Southern rap music featuring repetitive chants and rapid dance rhythms."[5] The godfather of crunk music Lil Jon defined crunk as a "state of heightened excitement" to make it sound like a more commercial feeling.
Characteristics
Looped, stripped-down drum machine rhythms are usually used. The Roland TR-808 and 909 are among the most popular. The drum machines are usually accompanied by simple, repeated synthesizer melodies and heavy bass stabs. The tempo of the music is somewhat slower than hip-hop, around the speed of reggaeton.
The focal point of crunk is more often the beats and music than the lyrics therein. Crunk rappers, however, often shout and scream their lyrics, creating an aggressive, almost heavy, style of hip-hop. While other subgenres of hip-hop address sociopolitical or personal concerns, crunk is almost exclusively party music, favoring call and response hip-hop slogans in lieu of more substantive approaches.[6]
History
.JPG)
Crunk music arose from miami bass music in the 1990s in the southern United States, particularly in African American strip clubs of Atlanta, Georgia. One of the most prominent pioneers of crunk music Lil Jon said that crunk appeared as he decided to fuse hip hop and electro music with electronic dance music like house and techno. In the early 2000s, some of crunk music hits like "Get Low", "Yeah!" and "Goodies" produced by Lil Jon climbed to Top10 of Billboard Hot 100 charts. Both "Goodies" and "Yeah!" were the first tracks to introduce the substyle of crunk music and contemporary R&B called Crunk & B to the public. Both of those tracks (performed by Usher and Ciara, respectively) were the main mainstream hits of 2004. Since then, crunk & B has been one of the most popular genres of sung African American music, along with electro pop. In 2005, crunk music underground substyle called snap music reached Top10 of Billboard Hot 100 and enjoyed number-1 position with a hit "Laffy Taffy" by D4L. Snap music got hugely criticised for simplicity as it usually contained a very primitive melody, rhythms (sometimes, presented only by steady fingersnapping) and lyrics, which could even have no sense. Snap music became one of the main reasons of why "Hip hop is dead" movement had started. As In 2005, crunk & B reached Billboard Hot 100 number one position once again, now with "Run It!" hit, performed by Chris Brown and fellow hip hop artist Rodrigo Hernandez. In 2005-2006 crunk/crunk&B conquered American R&B charts and charts specialising on music with rapping and replaced hip hop and older styles of contemporary R&B there. In 2007, 17 years old entertainer called Soulja Boy made the massive superhit called "Crank That" which enjoyed number one position in Billboard Hot 100 for 7 weeks, was nominated for Grammy and had become one of the main hits of the year. Soulja Boy was the reason for the "second wave" of "Hip hop is dead" movement as both "Crank That" and his mainstream album were super-minimalist instrumentally and contained not much sense in lyrics. Around 2007, a bunch of internet websites specialising on crunk and hip hop mixtapes opened, and that fact caused the growing of the popularity of crunk. Around 2007, crunk singer and rapper T-Pain popularised the use of autotune effect in crunk music, which became very popular in many styles of popular music since then. In 2008, both crunk and its subgenre crunk & B developed a new subgenre of trance crunk, and Usher's superhit "Love in This Club" enjoyed number one position in Billboard Hot 100 for 3 weeks. Around 2006-2008 many crunk music albums appeared on Billboard Top 200 number one position. However, it was 2008 when crunk and crunk'n'B started getting replaced in charts by electro pop. In 2009, numerous crunk hits reached Top40 in American charts. The growing interest in crunk music among white music producers caused the appearance of various subgenres of crunk, including eurocrunk, crunkcore, crunkczar, aquacrunk; crunk music started getting intensively mixed with dubstep.
Hyphy and the development of crunk on the West Coast
By the mid 2000s, crunk influenced West Coast hip hop music and fused with it into hyphy music, which was a bit faster than crunk and typically had more usual hip hop rapping in it. In 2007, with the rise of internet mixtape scene, hyphy artists started massively collaborating with southern artists and made guest appearances on their tracks and vice versa. Around 2007, The Pack from Oakland pioneered the substyle of hyphy called based which was characterized in reviews as "skate punk rap".[citation needed] Around 2008–2009, with the rise of hipster–indie fad, New Boyz duo from Hesperia, California created a substyle of crunk–snap called jerk or jerkin'.[citation needed]
Dance
Crunk music is accompanied by various dances. Many dances are created and performed for one particular song only, like 'Crank That' dance. Other dances are performed for some particular style of crunk, like snap dance or jerkin dance.
Notable acts
- Hypnotize Camp Posse
- Project Pat
- Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz
- YoungBloodZ
- Mr. Collipark (previously known as DJ Smurf))
- Ying Yang Twins
- Pastor Troy
- Lil Scrappy
- Trillville
- Lil Wyte
References
- ^ a b Vibe Dec 2003, p.172
- ^ Vibe Dec 2003, p.170
- ^ Billboard Aug 9, 2003, p.86
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary
- ^ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/crunk
- ^ Dirty Decade: Rap Music from the South: 1997-2007
Crunk is what crunk does! It's the flyest movement ever made