Doctor of both laws
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A Doctor of Canon and Civil Law, from the Latin doctor utriusque juris, or juris utriusque doctor, or doctor juris utriusque ("doctor of both laws") (abbreviations include: JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID) is a scholar who has acquired a doctorate in both civil law and church law. The degree was common among Catholic and German scholars[1] of the Middle Ages and early modern times. Today the degree is awarded by the Pontifical Lateran University after a period of six years of study, by the University of Würzburg, and by the University of Fribourg.
Prior to ca. 1800, people who studied law in Europe, studied canon law, Roman law, and feudal law. These laws were the constituent parts of the Ius commune. The Ius commune was a pan-European legal system that held sway over Europe from approximately the twelfth through the eighteenth century. Graduates earned the decree of Doctor of both laws, because they had to study both canon law and civil law, in order to master the Ius commune.[2]
Doctors of Civil and Canon Law
- Agliardi, Antonio, Cardinal, Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
- Arregui Yarza, Antonio, Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Pope Benedict XIV
- Bevilacqua, Anthony, Cardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Philadelphia (USA)
- Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin
- St. Charles Borromeo
- Edoardo Borromeo
- Giacomo Luigi Brignole
- Giovanni Battista Bussi (1755–1844)
- Antonio Maria Cagiano de Azevedo
- Étienne Hubert de Cambacérès
- Giovanni Battista Caprara
- Filippo Giudice Caracciolo
- Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto
- Francesco Carafa di Trajetto
- Carafa, Pierluigi (iuniore), Cardinal, Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Dean of the College of Cardinals
- Luigi Dadaglio, Cardinal, Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary
- Antonio Despuig y Dameto
- Michele di Pietro
- Domenico Ferrata, Cardinal, Secretary of State
- Giuseppe Milesi Pironi Ferretti
- Michael J. Fitzgerald, Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia[3]
- Enrico Gasparri, Cardinal, Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
- Pietro Gasparri, Cardinal, Secretary of State, codifier of 1917 Code of Canon Law
- Pietro Giannelli
- Giacomo Giustiniani
- Józef Glemp, Cardinal, late Archbishop emeritus of Warsaw (Poland)
- Archbishop Filippo Iannone, appointed Vicegerent of the Diocese of Rome 31 January 2012
- Stephan Kuttner, Professor, Catholic University of America, Yale University, and University of California at Berkeley, founder of the Stephan Kuttner Institute of Medieval Canon Law
- Carlo Laurenzi
- Pope Leo XIII
- Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Bishop of Sant'Agata de' Goti
- Listecki, Jerome Edward, Archbishop of Milwaukee (USA)
- Vincenzo Macchi
- Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei
- Teodolfo Mertel, last lay cardinal in the Catholic Church
- Rev Denzil Meuli, priest of the diocese of Auckland
- J. K. Paasikivi, President of Finland
- Salvatore Pappalardo, Cardinal, Archbishop of Palermo (Italy)
- Thomas J. Paprocki, Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Illinois (USA)
- Peters, Edward N., Catholic University of America, 1991
- Luigi Poggi, Cardinal, Archivist and Librarian Emeritus of the Holy Roman Church
- Mario Francesco Pompedda, Cardinal, Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
- Pietro Respighi, Cardinal, Archpriest of the Basilica of St. John Lateran
- Gabriele della Genga Sermattei
- K. J. Ståhlberg, President of Finland
- Alessandro Verde, Cardinal, Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (Italy)
- Pietro Vidoni
- Carlo Maria Viganò, Archbishop at the centre of the Vatileaks scandal
- Jan Wężyk
See also
References
- ^ Gottfried Leibniz held the degree. Armgardt, Matthias. Leibniz as a legal scholar. Fundamina (Pretoria) vol.20 n.1 Pretoria Jan. 2014. Accessed 7 May 2016.
- ^ Pennington, Kenneth. Course Description: Roman Law and the Ius Commune Archived 25 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Official Biography. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
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