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Edward L. Beach Jr.

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Edward Latimer Beach Jr.
Edward L. Beach Jr. in 1960
Nickname(s)Ned
Born(1918-04-20)April 20, 1918
New York City
DiedDecember 1, 2002(2002-12-01) (aged 84)
Washington, D.C.
Buried
United States Naval Academy Cemetery
Allegiance United States of America
Service / branch United States Navy
Years of service1939-1966
RankCaptain
CommandsUSS Piper (SS-409)
USS Amberjack (SS-522)
USS Trigger (SS-564)
USS Williamsburg (AGC-369)
USS Salamonie (AO-26)
USS Triton (SSRN-586)
Submarine Squadron Eight
Battles / warsNeutrality Patrol
World War II
Battle of Midway
Cold War
AwardsNavy Cross
Silver Star (2)
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star (2)
Presidential Unit Citation (3)
Magellanic Premium (1961)
Other workAuthor, Historian

Edward Latimer Beach Jr. (April 20, 1918 – December 1, 2002), nicknamed "Ned", was a highly decorated United States Navy submarine officer and best-selling author.[1]

During World War II, he participated in the Battle of Midway and 12 combat patrols, earning 10 decorations for gallantry, including the Navy Cross. After the war, he served as the naval aide to the President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and commanded the first submerged circumnavigation.

Beach's best-selling novel, Run Silent, Run Deep, was made into the 1958 movie by the same name. The son of Captain Edward L. Beach Sr. and Alice Fouché Beach, Beach Jr., was born in New York City and raised in Palo Alto, California.

Beach was appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy in 1935 by Senator Hiram Johnson of California. Beach served as a regimental commander in his first class year. Beach was named as the midshipman who had done the most to promote naval spirit and loyalty in his regiment when he graduated second out of 576 men in his class in 1939.[2][3]

Beach was initially assigned to the heavy cruiser USS Chester, before joining the newly recommissioned destroyer USS Lea, which participated in the neutrality patrol in the Atlantic, the escort of the German passenger liner Columbus, the initial American occupation of Iceland, and convoy duty in the North Atlantic.[2][4]

Beach was detached from Lea in September 1941 to undergo accelerated training at the Submarine Training School at the New London Submarine Base in Connecticut. He completed training, graduating first in his class, in December 1941 shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor.[2][5]

World War II

Beach served aboard the submarines USS Trigger and USS Tirante, and took command of USS Piper just as the Pacific War was ending.

Beach in 1945

He participated in the Battle of Midway and 12 war patrols that damaged or sank 45 enemy vessels.[2] He held several shipboard positions, including communications officer, engineering officer, navigator, co-approach officer, and executive officer. (Aboard USS Tirante, he was Executive Officer to Captain George L. Street, who was awarded the Medal of Honor for a combat action during Tirante's first war patrol.) Beach earned 10 decorations for gallantry, including the Navy Cross.

Cold War

In December 1945, Beach reported to the Department of the Navy to serve as the personal aide to Vice Admiral Louis E. Denfeld, the chief of the Bureau of Naval Personnel. In March 1947, he was attached to the Atomic Defense Section (OPNAV 36) under Rear Admiral William S. Parsons.[6][7]

USS Amberjack

In May 1948, he was given command of USS Amberjack, a GUPPY II modified submarine. Amberjack gained the nickname "Anglejack" because of its pioneering use of steep diving and surfacing angles, which was immortalized in the January 1950 edition of the National Geographic magazine.[6][8] During war games, Amberjack photographed the opposing task force's flagship through its periscope and sent the admiral a copy inscribed with "Regards from Ned Beach and the Amberjack.".[9]

Beach while a naval aide

Joint Chiefs of Staff

His tour as skipper of Amberjack was abbreviated as he was called to Washington to serve as Naval Aide to General Omar Bradley, USA, the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in August 1949. In that post, Beach witnessed first hand the events surrounding the Revolt of the Admirals.[2][10]

USS Trigger

Upon completing his tour of duty as Bradley's aide in March 1951, Beach was named prospective commanding officer of the new Trigger (SS-564), then under construction. Upon commissioning of Trigger II, which was named for Trigger (SS-237) lost during World War II, he became commanding officer of the second submarine to be completed in the new Template:Sclass- after World War II.[11]

The White House

From 1953 to 1957, Beach was Naval Aide to President Dwight D. Eisenhower.[9] As Naval Aide Beach was responsible for the management of Camp David, the White House Mess, and for the presidential yacht USS Williamsburg. Because Eisenhower had made a campaign promise to get rid of the presidential yacht, neither the efforts of Beach nor those of Mrs. Eisenhower were successful in dissuading him from that course of action. The elimination of Williamsburg proved to be a bureaucratic hassle for Beach and the Navy Department since Williamsburg was the funnel for all budgets and personnel for Camp David and the White House Mess. While working the White House, Beach volunteered to be the coordinator on the White House staff for all plans to protect the President in case of nuclear attack. Since the Secret Service in 1953 did not deem helicopter travel as safe, evacuating the President on short notice was planned by Beach via the Potomac River, several PT (patrol torpedo) boats and a high speed race down river to meet up with a waiting Navy ship.[12] It was Beach who spearheaded the effort to get First Lady Mamie Eisenhower to christen USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear-powered submarine, in 1954.[13]

Beach was advanced to the rank of captain on October 1, 1956.[6]

USS Salamonie

Beach left the White House in January 1957, and assumed command of USS Salamonie, a Template:Sclass- fleet replenishment oiler, on March 15. He completed a deployment to the U.S. Sixth Fleet, operating in the Mediterranean Sea, in December 1957.[14][15]

Beach making an announcement to the crew of Triton on 17 February 1960
Beach traces the route of the first undersea circumnavigation by Triton in 1960

USS Triton

In January 1958, he attended the Navy's training program for atomic reactors in order to qualify for his next command, USS Triton, the nation's fifth nuclear-powered submarine.[16]

In November 1959, Beach took command of USS Triton, the only American nuclear-powered submarine to be equipped with two nuclear reactors. Departing New London on what was supposed to have been a "shake-down" cruise in February 1960, Triton began a 1960 circumnavigation of the Earth in 84 days without surfacing, covering over 41,000 statute miles (66,000 km), an unprecedented feat. The route of Triton followed roughly that of Ferdinand Magellan in 1519-1522. The scientific and military significance of the Triton voyage was overshadowed by the U-2 Incident which broke just as USS Triton was returning.[17]

For successfully completing its mission, Triton was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation.[18] At a special White House ceremony, Captain Beach was presented the Legion of Merit by President Eisenhower.[19] Beach wrote about Triton's voyage in his book Around the World Submerged: The Voyage of the Triton, published in 1962.

Following her post-shakedown availability, Triton deployed to European waters with the Second Fleet to participate in NATO exercises against British naval forces led by the aircraft carriers HMS Ark Royal and HMS Hermes under the command of Rear Admiral Sir Charles Madden. This deployment was culminated with a port visit to Bremerhaven, West Germany, the first visit by a nuclear-powered ship to a European port.[20]

Subron 8, National War College and OpNav

After his tour in command of Triton, Beach commanded Submarine Squadron Eight from July 1961 to August 1962. He was next a student at the National War College, where he completed a course of study in July 1963. At the same time he earned a Master of Arts degree in International Relations from George Washington University. From July 1963 to December 1966, Beach served in the office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav) preparing annual budget reports for Congress and preparing the Secretary of the Navy (Fred Korth, Paul B. Fay, and Paul H. Nitze) and the Chief of Naval Operations (George W. Anderson Jr. and David L. McDonald) for hearings before Congressional committees.

Beach retired from active duty with the rank of captain in 1966, after 27 years of service.

Awards and decorations

During his service in the United States Navy, Beach was awarded the Navy Cross, the Silver Star with Gold Star in lieu of a second Silver Star, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star with a combat Distinguished "V" and Gold Star in lieu of a second Bronze Star Medal with a combat Distinguished "V", Letter of Commendation Ribbon with Gold Star in lieu of second award and "V" device from the Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet, three Presidential Unit Citations, the Navy Unit Commendation, American Defense Service Medal with Atlantic Fleet Clasp, the American Campaign Medal, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with three engagement stars, the World War II Victory Medal and the National Defense Service Medal with bronze service star in lieu of second award.

The Navy Cross is presented to Edward Latimer Beach, Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy, for gallantry and intrepidity in action as Executive Officer, Navigator and Assistant Approach Officer on board the U.S.S. TIRANTE (SS-420) on the First War Patrol of that submarine during the period March 3, 1945 to April 25, 1945, in enemy controlled waters of the East China Sea. Lieutenant Commander Beach rendered valiant service to his commanding officer in penetrating mined and shoal-obstructed shallow waters in defiance of hostile shore-based radar stations and aircraft. By his excellent judgment and keen understanding of attack problems, he aided immeasurably in sending torpedoes into targets with deadly accuracy and contributed to the sinking of three Japanese cargo ships, one large transport, a hostile tanker, three patrol frigates, and one lugger, totaling 28,000 tons of shipping vital to the enemy's ability to prosecute the war. Through his experience and sound judgment he assisted in bringing his ship safely back to port. His conduct throughout was an inspiration to his officers and men and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.[21]

Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 345 – December 1945

Silver Star


For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity as Diving Officer on board a United States submarine... (his) consistent and precise control of depth contributed directly to his vessel's success in destroying or inflicting heavy damage upon enemy shipping and Fleet units. In an attack on a large new Japanese aircraft carrier, his performance of duty under trying circumstances was instrumental in the crippling of this valuable target and in the successful evasion of enemy countermeasures...[22]


Gold Star to denote a second Silver Star:

... as Executive Officer of a United States submarine during a successful war patrol in enemy-controlled Pacific water... Undaunted by the enemy's vicious anti-submarine measures, demanding duties on the bridge with vigilance and determination as his submarine attacked important enemy ships. By his technical skill an unwavering devotion to duty in the face of grave personal danger, (he) contributed directly to the sinking of five enemy vessels totaling over 39,000 tons...[22]

Legion of Merit


For exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding service while serving on board the U.S.S. TRITON from the 16th of February 1960 to the 10th of May 1960. As Commanding Officer, Captain Edward L. Beach, United States Navy, led his crew with courage, foresight and determination in an unprecedented circumnavigation of the globe, proving man's ability under trying conditions to accomplish prolonged submerged missions as well as testing new and complex equipment in the world's largest submarine. This historic voyage took his ship into strange waters under difficult and frequently unknown conditions, as a result, the TRITON collected much valuable oceanographic information. Captain Beach's sound judgment, masterful leadership, professional skill and devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the naval service.[19]

The White House – May 10, 1960

Bronze Star, with Combat "V"


For heroic achievement as Executive Officer and Co-Approach Officer of a United States submarine during a successful and aggressive War Patrol in enemy Japanese-controlled waters... Despite heavy close-range enemy gunfire (he) rendered invaluable assistance to his commanding officer throughout seven daring attacks upon three large enemy convoys, contributing materially to the sinking of six enemy merchant vessels, totaling over 44,000 tons...[22]


Gold Star in lieu of second Bronze Star, with Combat"V":

(For) meritorious service as Commanding Officer of the USS Piper during the Third War Patrol of that vessel in the enemy-controlled waters of the Japan Sea from July 19, 1945, until the cessation of hostilities...[22]

Letter of commendation

For ... meritorious conduct ... as Diving Officer in a U.S. Submarine during a War Patrol of that vessel. His precise control was of valuable assistance to his Commanding Officer in conducting attacks which resulted in the sinking or damaging of enemy vessels totaling over 20,000 tons...[22]
Letter of Commendation Ribbon with Gold Star in lieu of second award and "V" device from the Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet:
For distinguishing himself... in the performance of his duties as Assistant Approach Officer in the USS Trigger during that vessel's Ninth War Patrol, March 23, 1944 to May 15, 1944. His intelligent handling of approach problems, excellent judgment and ability assisted his Commanding Officer considerable in conducting successful attacks...[22]

Presidential Unit Citation

USS Trigger

File:NavyPres.gif


For outstanding performance in combat during her Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh War Patrols against the enemy. Employing highly daring and hazardous tactics, the USS Trigger struck at the enemy with consistent aggressiveness, seeking out and pursuing her targets with dogged determination regardless of unfavorable attack conditions. Her exceptionally notable record of severe damage inflicted on hostile shipping and the gallant fighting spirit of her officers and men reflect great credit upon the United States Naval Service.[23]

USS Tirante

File:NavyPres.gif


For extraordinary heroism in action... in the harbor of Quepart Island of the coast of Korea on April 14, 1945. With the crew at surface battle stations the USS Tirante approached the hostile anchorage from the south while within 1200 yards of the coast to complete a reconnoitering circuit of the island... She penetrated the mine and shoal obstructed waters of the restricted harbor despite numerous patrolling vessels and in defiance of five shore-based radar stations and menacing aircraft. Prepared to fight her way out on the surface if attacked, she went into action, sending two torpedoes with deadly accuracy into a large Japanese ammunition ship and exploding the target in a mountainous and blinding glare of white flame...[22]

USS Triton


For meritorious achievement from the 16th of February 1960 to the 10th of May 1960. During this period Triton circumnavigated the earth submerged, generally following the route of Magellan’s historic voyage. In addition to proving the ability of both crew and nuclear submarine to accomplish a mission which required almost three months of submergence, Triton collected much data of scientific importance. The performance, determination and devotion to duty of TRITON’s crew were in keeping with the highest traditions of the naval service.
All members of the crew who made this voyage are authorized to wear the Presidential Unit Citation ribbon with a special clasp in the form of a golden replica of the globe.[24] (see image above)
The White House – May 10, 1960

USS Trigger


For outstanding heroism in action against enemy Japanese shipping and combatant units during her Ninth War Patrol in the Palau Islands area from March 23 to May 20, 1944. Undaunted by numerous enemy escort vessels and desperately severe anti-submarine measures, the USS Trigger skillfully penetrated convoy screens to reach her targets... She pressed home daring attacks to leave four freighters and a destroyer a mass of smoke and wreakage... After seventeen hours of skillful evasion, to resurface and strike again at the enemy...[22]

Other Awards and Decorations

Beach retired from active duty in the Navy in 1966, and was appointed as the Stephen B. Luce Chair of Naval Science at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island — the first person to hold that position. During his tenure he was the editor of the Naval War College Review.

Subsequently Beach served for seven years as staff director of the United States Senate Republican Policy Committee, and for one year as chief of staff for Senator Jeremiah Denton (R-Alabama).

Author

After World War II, Beach wrote extensively in his spare time following in the footsteps of his father, who was also a career naval officer and author. His first book Submarine! (1952) was a compilation of accounts of several wartime patrols made by his own as well as other submarines, which TIME magazine called "the liveliest and most authentic account of underseas combat to come out of World War II."[9]

In all, Beach published thirteen books, but is best known for his first novel, Run Silent, Run Deep (1955), which appeared on The New York Times Book Review bestseller list for several months. A movie of the same name, based loosely on the novel and starring Clark Gable and Burt Lancaster, was released by United Artists in 1958 (Beach was unhappy with the adaptation).[25] Beach penned two sequels to Run Silent, Run Deep: Dust on the Sea (1972), relating in detail a war patrol by Eel leading a wolfpack, and Cold is the Sea (1978), set in 1961 aboard a nuclear submarine.

In addition to Submarine!, Beach wrote several more books on naval history, including The Wreck of the Memphis (1966); United States Navy: 200 Years (1986), a general history of the Navy; Scapegoats: A Defense of Kimmel and Short at Pearl Harbor (1995); and Salt and Steel: Reflections of a Submariner (1999). Keepers of the Sea (1983) is a pictorial record of the modern navy with photography by Fred J. Maroon. For a number of years Beach was co-editor of Naval Terms Dictionary as that standard reference work passed through several editions. His last work, completed shortly before his death, was to prepare for publication his father's manuscript of his own distinguished service in the navy. That book, From Annapolis to Scapa Flow: The Autobiography of Edward L. Beach, Sr (2003), is Captain Beach Sr.'s personal account of the navy from the age of sail to the age of steam.

In addition to his books, Beach was a prolific author of articles and book reviews for periodicals ranging from Blue Book Magazine to National Geographic, and Naval History to American Heritage.

Bibliography

Fiction:

Memoirs:

  • From Annapolis to Scapa Flow: The Autobiography of Edward L. Beach, Sr. (Annapolis Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2002) co-authored with his father
  • Salt and Steel: Reflections of a Submariner (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1999)

Non-fiction:

  • Around the World Submerged: The Voyage of the Triton (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1962)
  • Keepers of the Sea (photos by Fred J. Maroon) (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1983)
  • Naval Terms Dictionary, in collaboration with John V. Noel, Jr, 4th edition (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1971)
  • Naval Terms Dictionary, in collaboration with John V. Noel, Jr, 5th edition (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1978)
  • Naval Terms Dictionary, in collaboration with John V. Noel, Jr, 6th edition (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1988)
  • Scapegoats: A Defense of Kimmel and Short at Pearl Harbor (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995)
  • Submarine! (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1952)
  • The United States Navy: 200 Years (New York: Henry Holt, 1986)
  • The Wreck of the Memphis (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966)

Run Silent, Run Deep and The Wreck of the Memphis were republished in hardcover by the Naval Institute Press as part of its Classics of Naval Literature series while Around the World Submerged, Submarine!, Dust on the Sea, and Cold is the Sea were reprinted in quality paperback editions as part of its Bluejacket Books series

Family

Beach married Ingrid Schenck, daughter of Stanford University professor Hubert G. Schenck and Inga Bergström Schenck, in Palo Alto in 1944. They had four children: Inga-Marie (1945–1948), Edward A. (b. 1948), Hugh S. (b. 1949) and Ingrid Alice (b. 1952).

Honors

Beach at the 1999 dedication of Beach Hall, the United States Naval Institute's headquarters

Legacy

Author Tom Clancy summarized Beach's many accomplishments and contributions when he wrote:

Ned loved the Navy as a man might love his own family. For the Navy was his family, the junior officers he trained and the enlisted men who did so much of the hand-labor in the boats. He served with distinction approaching perfection and, like his father, would then write about the things he'd seen and done... More than once I spoke with him about the psychological aspects of combat, and every time he told me what I needed to know, always from his own rich experiences. Ned was a serious student of history -- he wrote several splendid books on this subject -- and of human nature. What he didn't know had never happened.[38]

Ed Offley of DefenseWatch wrote:

Beach once told an interviewer, "What is there about the Navy? To me, it's always been a tremendous feeling that I am part of an organization that's much bigger than I am." The submariner was inaccurate. It is sailors like Capt. Edward L. Beach Jr. – who died on December 1 at the age of 84 – who make institutions like the Navy bigger and greater than they otherwise would be.[39]

References

Notes

  1. ^ "Eye on the Fleet Photo Gallery: Capt. Edward L. "Ned" Beach Jr". Navy NewsStand. December 1, 2002. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
  2. ^ a b c d e Current Biography (1960), p. 21
  3. ^ Beach, Salt and Steel, p. 36
  4. ^ Beach, Salt and Steel, pp. 38–58
  5. ^ Beach, Salt and Steel, p. 59
  6. ^ a b c Current Biography (1960), p. 22
  7. ^ Beach, Salt and Steel, pp. 168–185
  8. ^ Beach, Salt and Steel, p. 196
  9. ^ a b c "New Look in Aides". TIME. January 26, 1953. Retrieved 2008-01-10. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  10. ^ Beach, Salt and Steel, pp. 201–219 (see photo section)
  11. ^ Plank Owners page @ USS Trigger (SS-564) Official Website
  12. ^ Finch, Beneath the Waves: The Life and Navy of Capt. Edward L. Beach Jr., pp. 65–70.
  13. ^ Beach, Salt and Steel, pp. 229–237
  14. ^ List of Commanders @ USS Salamonie (AO-26) Official Website
  15. ^ Beach, Salt and Steel, pp. 243–261
  16. ^ Beach, Salt and Steel, pp. 261–262
  17. ^ Beach, Edward L. (November 1960). "Triton Follows Magellan's Wake". National Geographic (magazine). 118 (5).
  18. ^ [1] Presidential Unit Citation dated May 10, 1960
  19. ^ a b Citation accompanying Award of Legion of Merit to Captain Edward L. Beach, USN, dated May 10, 1960
  20. ^ Beach, Salt and Steel, pp. 263–269
  21. ^ [2] Full Text Citations For Award of The Navy Cross @ HomeOfHeroes.com
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h Official Biography – Naval History Division
  23. ^ Text of Citation – www.applmath.com/csds50/pdfs/RADMRoyStanleyBenson.pdf
  24. ^ [3] Citation – Presidential Unit Citation for making the first submerged circumnavigation of the world.
  25. ^ "Edward L. "Ned" Beach, Captain, USN - 1918-2002". SubmarineSailor.com. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  26. ^ "Edward L Beach" Current Biography (1960), p. 21
  27. ^ [4] Argosy, August 1960
  28. ^ "Kudo" – Time – Monday, June 13, 1960
  29. ^ [5] The Magellanic Premium of the American Philosophical Society
  30. ^ [6] Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt Prize in Naval History 1987, Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute
  31. ^ [7] Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt Prize in Naval History 1987, Theodore Roosevelt Association
  32. ^ [8] Reprint of Seapower magazine (June 2000), published by the Navy League of the United States
  33. ^ 2002 Annual Report at the Wayback Machine (archived July 15, 2007) of the Naval Historical Foundation, p. 10.
  34. ^ [9] PSUBS.ORG Awards site.
  35. ^ “Pen and Sword” by Gordon I. Peterson. Seapower magazine
  36. ^ [10] United States Naval Academy Cemetery
  37. ^ "Technology for the Nuclear Age: Nuclear Propulsion". Cold War Gallery. U.S. Navy Museum. 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-12.
  38. ^ Tom Clancy. "He Lived What He Wrote." Opinion Journal (December 4, 2002)
  39. ^ Ed Offley. “In Memoriam – Capt. Edward L. Beach Jr. USN (SS)” DefenseWatch (December 4, 2002)

Bibliography

  • Edward L. Beach Jr. Around the World Submerged: The Voyage of the Triton (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1962) LCC: 62-18406 (paperback, ISBN 1-55750-215-3)
  • Edward L. Beach Jr. Submarine! (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1952) paperback, ISBN 1-59114-058-7
  • Edward L. Beach Jr. Salt and Steel: Reflections of a Submariner (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1999) ISBN 1-55750-054-1
  • "Edward L Beach" Current Biography (1960)
  • Captain Edward L. Beach: Papers, 1953 1961 @ Dwight D. Eisenhower Library – Abilene, Kansas
  • Beneath the Waves: The Life and Navy of CAPT Edward L. Beach, Jr by Edward F. Finch. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2010.'
  • Official Biography – Naval History Division – U.S. Department of the Navy (September 13, 1963)
  • "Navy Captain, Author Edward Beach" by Martin Weil. Washington Post (Monday December, 2002), page B6
  • "Edward L. Beach Author and First Round-the-World Submariner, Dies at 84" by Richard Goldstein. New York Times (Monday December, 2002), page B8
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