Energy in the Middle East
Energy in the Middle East describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in the Middle East. Energy policy of the Middle East will describe the politics of the Middle East related to energy more in detail.
Primary energy use
| Primary energy in the Middle East 2008[1] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | TWh | Capita | Capita growth 2004-2008 |
TWh/million | |
| 1 | Iran | 2,350 | 71.96 | 7.4% | 33 |
| 2 | Saudi Arabia | 1,879 | 24.65 | 2.9% | 76 |
| 3 | Turkey | 1,146 | 71.08 | -1.0 % | 16 |
| 4 | Egypt | 822 | 81.53 | 12.2% | 10 |
| 5 | United Arab Emirates | 680 | 4.48 | 3.7% | 152 |
| 6 | Iraq | 395 | 28.22 | 11.2% | 14 |
| 7 | Kuwait | 306 | 2.73 | 11.0 % | 112 |
| 8 | Qatar | 281 | 1.28 | 64.1 % | 219 |
| 9 | Israel | 256 | 17.31 | 7.5% | 15 |
| 10 | Syria | 229 | 21,23 | 14.3 % | 11 |
| 11 | Oman | 191 | 2.79 | 10.3% | 69 |
| 12 | Bahrain | 107 | 0.77 | 6.9 % | 139 |
| 13 | Yemen | 87 | 23.05 | 13.4% | 4 |
| 14 | Jordan | 82 | 5.91 | 8.6% | 14 |
| 15 | Lebanon | 61 | 4.14 | 16.9 % | 15 |
| 16 | Cyprus | 30 | 0.80 | -3.6 % | 38 |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh. Prim. energy includes energy losses | |||||
Energy export
| Energy export from the Middle East in 2010 [2] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| # | TWh | % | |
| 1 | Saudi Arabia | 4,551 | 37.2% |
| 2 | Qatar | 1,748 | 14.3% |
| 3 | Iran | 1,574 | 12.9% |
| 4 | Kuwait | 1,159 | 9.5% |
| 5 | United Arab Emirates | 1,129 | 9.2% |
| 6 | Iraq | 1,017 | 8.3% |
| 7 | Oman | 617 | 5.0% |
| 8 | Egypt | 164 | 1.3% |
| 9 | Yemen | 139 | 1.1% |
| 10 | Bahrain | 79 | 0.6% |
| 11 | Syria | 51 | 0.4% |
| Total: Middle East | 12,228 | 100% | |
Energy export from the Middle East in 2010 was 12,228 TWh. The major exporters were Saudi Arabia 37.2%, Qatar 14.3% and Iran 12.9%.[2]
Oil
In 2009 the largest share of oil production was in the Middle East (24 million barrels daily, or 31 per cent of global production. According to Transparency International based on BP data regionally the largest share of proved oil reserves is in the Middle East (754 billion barrels, constituting 51 per cent of global reserves including oil sands and 57 per cent excluding them). According to BP of the world oil reserves were in Saudi Arabia 18%, Iran 9%, Iraq 8%, Kuwait 7% and UAE 7%.[3]
In June 2015, Jim Hollis, CEO of NEOS, during “Oil and Gas: Governance and Integration” forum, stated that Lebanon’s potential offshore natural gas reserves are estimated at 25 trillion cubic feet, according to initial estimates carried out in the country’s exclusive economic zone.
Natural gas
Middle Eastern countries possess about 41 per cent of natural gas reserves. According to BP in 2009 of the proved gas reserves were in Iran 16% and Qatar 14%.[3]
Business
Major energy companies in the Middle East include Saudi Aramco, Qatar Petroleum, Kuwait Petroleum Corporation KPC and National Iranian Oil Company NIOC.
Climate change
Middle East countries include top carbon dioxide emitters per capita: World dirty top countries were in 2009 (tonnes/capita): 1) Gibraltar 152, 2) Virgin Islands U,S 114, 3) Qatar 80, 4) Netherlands Antilles 51, 5) Bahrain 43. 6) United Arab Emirates 40, 7) Trinidad and Tobago 39, Singapore 34 and Kuwait 32.[4] All emissions from building and cement production are local but some people may argue that some United Arab Emirates produced fuels and/or goods are consumed abroad.[5]
References
- ^ IEA Key energy statistics 2010 Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
- ^ a b IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2012, Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
- ^ a b 2011 report on oil and gas companies, Promoting revenue Transparency Transparency International 2011 pages 113-115
- ^ World carbon dioxide emissions data by country: China speeds ahead of the rest Guardian 31 January 2011
- ^ Which nations are most responsible for climate change? Guardian 21 April 2011
See also
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