Gamma-enolase, also known as enolase 2 (ENO2) or neuron specific enolase (NSE), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENO2gene.[5][6] Gamma-enolase is a phosphopyruvate hydratase.
Gamma-enolase is one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. This isoenzyme, a homodimer, is found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. A switch from alpha enolase to gamma enolase occurs in neural tissue during development in rats and primates.[5]
Interactive pathway map
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.[§ 1]
^Clegg N, Ferguson C, True LD, Arnold H, Moorman A, Quinn JE, Vessella RL, Nelson PS (April 2003). "Molecular characterization of prostatic small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma". Prostate. 55 (1): 55–64. doi:10.1002/pros.10217. PMID12640661.
Further reading
Oliva D, Calì L, Feo S, Giallongo A (1991). "Complete structure of the human gene encoding neuron-specific enolase". Genomics. 10 (1): 157–65. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90496-2. PMID2045099.
Craig SP, Day IN, Thompson RJ, Craig IW (1991). "Localisation of neurone-specific enolase (ENO2) to 12p13". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 54 (1–2): 71–3. doi:10.1159/000132960. PMID2249478.
Oliva D; Barba G; Barbieri G; et al. (1989). "Cloning, expression and sequence homologies of cDNA for human gamma enolase". Gene. 79 (2): 355–60. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(89)90217-5. PMID2792767. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
McAleese SM; Dunbar B; Fothergill JE; et al. (1989). "Complete amino acid sequence of the neurone-specific gamma isozyme of enolase (NSE) from human brain and comparison with the non-neuronal alpha form (NNE)". Eur. J. Biochem. 178 (2): 413–7. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14465.x. PMID3208766. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Van Obberghen E; Kamholz J; Bishop JG; et al. (1988). "Human gamma enolase: isolation of a cDNA clone and expression in normal and tumor tissues of human origin". J. Neurosci. Res. 19 (4): 450–6. doi:10.1002/jnr.490190409. PMID3385803. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Day IN, Allsopp MT, Moore DC, Thompson RJ (1987). "Sequence conservation in the 3'-untranslated regions of neurone-specific enolase, lymphokine and protooncogene mRNAs". FEBS Lett. 222 (1): 139–43. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)80207-7. PMID3653393.
Haimoto H; Takahashi Y; Koshikawa T; et al. (1985). "Immunohistochemical localization of gamma-enolase in normal human tissues other than nervous and neuroendocrine tissues". Lab. Invest. 52 (3): 257–63. PMID3974199. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Angelov DN; Neiss WF; Gunkel A; et al. (1994). "Axotomy induces intranuclear immunolocalization of neuron-specific enolase in facial and hypoglossal neurons of the rat". J. Neurocytol. 23 (4): 218–33. doi:10.1007/BF01275526. PMID8035205. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Pechumer H, Bender-Götze C, Ziegler-Heitbrock HW (1994). "Detection of neuron-specific gamma-enolase messenger ribonucleic acid in normal human leukocytes by polymerase chain reaction amplification with nested primers". Lab. Invest. 69 (6): 743–9. PMID8264236.
Ansari-Lari MA; Shen Y; Muzny DM; et al. (1997). "Large-scale sequencing in human chromosome 12p13: experimental and computational gene structure determination". Genome Res. 7 (3): 268–80. doi:10.1101/gr.7.3.268. PMID9074930. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Lau L (2002). "Neuroblastoma: a single institution's experience with 128 children and an evaluation of clinical and biological prognostic factors". Pediatric hematology and oncology. 19 (2): 79–89. doi:10.1080/08880010252825669. PMID11881792.
Wijnberger LD; Nikkels PG; van Dongen AJ; et al. (2002). "Expression in the placenta of neuronal markers for perinatal brain damage". Pediatr. Res. 51 (4): 492–6. doi:10.1203/00006450-200204000-00015. PMID11919335. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
O'Dwyer DT; Clifton V; Hall A; et al. (2002). "Pituitary autoantibodies in lymphocytic hypophysitis target both gamma- and alpha-Enolase - a link with pregnancy?". Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 110 (1–2): 94–8. doi:10.1076/apab.110.1.94.897. PMID11935405. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Chekhonin VP; Zhirkov YA; Belyaeva IA; et al. (2002). "Serum time course of two brain-specific proteins, alpha(1) brain globulin and neuron-specific enolase, in tick-born encephalitis and Lyme disease". Clin. Chim. Acta. 320 (1–2): 117–25. doi:10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00057-8. PMID11983209. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Nakatsuka S; Nishiu M; Tomita Y; et al. (2005). "Enhanced expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL)". Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 93 (4): 411–6. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01272.x. PMID11985791. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Fujiwara H; Arima N; Ohtsubo H; et al. (2002). "Clinical significance of serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with adult T-cell leukemia". Am. J. Hematol. 71 (2): 80–4. doi:10.1002/ajh.10190. PMID12353304. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)