Felipe de Neve
Felipe de Neve | |
|---|---|
 Statue of Felipe de Neve in the Los Angeles Plaza. | |
-Variant.svg){kind=small} 4th Governor of Alta California | |
| In office March 1770 – March 4, 1775 | |
| Preceded by | Fernando Rivera y Moncada |
| Succeeded by | Pedro Fages |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1724 Bailén, Province of Jaén (Spain)[1] |
| Died | 1784 Coahuila, Mexico |
| Occupation | Explorer and Governor of California |
| Awards |  Cross of Carlos III |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Spain |
| Branch/service |  Army of Spain |
| Rank |  Captain General |
Felipe de Neve (1724–1784) was the fourth governor of Las Californias, a province of New Spain,from 1775 to 1782.[1][2] Neve is considered a founder of Los Angeles, California and helped to settle towns of Santa Barbara and San José whose surrounding communities became California cities.[3][4][5] In 1781, Neve issued the first rules regarding governance of secular pueblos like Los Angeles, the "Regulations for the Government of the Province of the Californias" (Reglamento para el gobierno de la provincia de Californias)[6]
Career highlights
First capital
Felipe de Neve was appointed governor of the Californias in 1775.[5] For two years he was based at Loreto, Baja California, then moved to Monterey, California.[3][7]
New settlements
- Las Californias
It was during Neve's administration that Lieutenant José Joaquín Moraga is credited with building the Presidio of San Francisco, after the site was selected by Juan Bautista de Anza in 1776. Moraga is also known as the founder of El Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe, the present day city of San Jose, California. On 29 November 1777, Moraga founded San José on orders from Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa, the Spanish Viceroy of New Spain. It was the first Spanish colonial pueblo in the northern region of Las Californias Province, which became its own Alta California Province in 1804. The city served as a farming community to support the Presidio of San Francisco and the Presidio of Monterey.
In 1781, later in Neve's tenure, he founded the Pueblo de Los Ángeles. Neve had applied to Viceroy Bucareli for permission to establish a settlement (pueblo) near the Los Angeles River (Río de Porciúncula), where Father Juan Crespí had met local Tongva Indians. With the viceroy's approval, Neve was granted authority from The Crown, Charles III of Spain, to found and establish the second pueblo in upper Las Californias, El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río de Porciúncula (The Pueblo of Our Lady Queen of the Angels of the River of Porciúncula), the present day city of Los Angeles, California.
During Neve's tenure as governor, he quarreled constantly with the missionaries' leader, padre Junípero Serra, over the secularization of the Missions and the redistribution of land to the Mission Indian neophytes and soldiers. During his tenure four missions were founded: Mission San Francisco de Asís also called Mission Dolores (June 29, 1776), Mission San Juan Capistrano (November 1, 1776), Mission Santa Clara de Asís (January 12, 1777) and Mission San Buenaventura (March 31, 1782).
Comandante general
Neve's success as provincial governor won him promotion in 1783 to succeed Teodoro de Croix as Comandante General of the Provincias Internas, a position that had authority over all the northern provinces (including Las Californias). He held that position until his death in 1784.
Honors
Statue
A 7½ foot cast bronze statue of Felipe De Neve by Henry Lion was installed in 1932 at Plaza Park in the El Pueblo district of Los Angeles, California, by the City of Los Angeles. The statue is mounted on a 4-foot boulder and includes a bronze plaque with the following inscription:
"FELIPE DE NEVE (1728-84). SPANISH GOVERNOR OF THE CALIFORNIAS 1775-82. IN 1781, ON ORDERS OF KING CARLOS III OF SPAIN, FELIPE DE NEVE SELECTED A SITE NEAR THE RIVER PORCIUNCULA AND LAID OUT THE TOWN OF EL PUEBLO DE LA REINA DE LOS ANGELES, ONE OF TWO SPANISH PUEBLOS HE FOUNDED IN ALTA CALIFORNIA."[8]
See also
References
- ^ a b "NEVE, FELIPE DE (1724–1784)". tshaonline.org. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ^ "Landmarks of Hispanic Los Angeles". USC Library archives. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ^ a b "Spanish Governors". missiontour.org. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ^ "CHAPTER III". www.usgennet.org. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ^ a b "The True Origins of Spanish Colonial Officials and Missionaries". www.sandiegohistory.org. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ^ Spanish reprint plus English translation in Land of Sunshine magazine, volume 6, January 1897. Available online at Internet Archive (retrieved July 2018)
- ^ "Phelipe de Neve First Governor of the Californias, 1777–1782". www.sbthp.org. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ^ Public Art in Public Places (21 August 2018). ""Felipe De Neve" (1932) by Henry Lion". Public Art in Public Places. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
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Sources
- Clyde Arbuckle (1986). Clyde Arbuckle's History of San Jose. Smith McKay Printing. ISBN 978-9996625220.
- The Town of Our Lady Reina of the Angels on the Porciúncula river. Template:En icon
Bibliography
- Edwin A. Beilharz (1971). Felipe de Neve, first Governor of California. San Francisco: California Historical Society.
External links
- Public Art in Public Places | "Felipe de Neve" (1932) by Henry Lion
- USC Libraries: Felipe de Neve
- California History - Felipe de Neve
